Оглавление
Alex McDermott. Australian History For Dummies
Australian History For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Australian History For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Where to Go from Here
Let’s Get This Country Started
Aussie, Aussie, Aussie
When Oldest Meets Newest
Getting ahead in the convict world
Leaping into the big time with wool
Gold, Gold, Gold for Australia
Welcoming in male suffrage
THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN LEISURE TIME EXPERIMENT
Striving for the ‘workingman’s paradise’
WAIT A SECOND! WHERE ARE THE EXPLORERS AND THE BUSHRANGERS?
Solving the Problems of the World (By Keeping Out the World)
Now for War, Division, Depression and More War
Joining the Empire in the war
Dreaming of ‘Australia Unlimited’
Getting hit by the Great Depression …
… And another war
The Postwar Boom Broom
Breaking Down the Fortress Australia Mentality
Opening up the economy
Opening up the borders (mostly)
Entering the New Millennium
First Australians: Making a Home, Receiving Visitors
Indigenous Australians
Settling in early
Life in Aboriginal Australia
SHAPING AUSTRALIA WITH NOMADIC LIFEWAYS
History without books
Trading with the neighbours
Visitors from Overseas
Macassan fishermen
Portuguese and Spanish navigators
Lost Dutch traders and wandering explorers
Second Arrivals and First Colonials
‘Discovering’ the Great Southern Land
Finding the right men for the job
THE ORIGINAL ODD COUPLE: COOK AND BANKS
Setting (British) eyes on New South Wales
The Brits are Coming!
Quick! New settlement required
Turing to crime in the 18th century
CONNECTING A FEAR OF POWERFUL KINGS TO BOTANY BAY
Losing America and a terrible outbreak of peace
Getting access to vital resources
Pushing for a settlement in NSW
CLAIMING THE ‘TERRA NULLIUS’
Picking a winner: NSW it is!
SHAPING AUSTRALIA WITH TWO BIG DECISIONS
Sailing for Botany Bay
Getting there with the First Fleet
The human material: Who were these people?
Holding Out at Sydney
Using convicts as guards
Issuing ultimatums (and being ignored)
Soldiering on regardless
New Colony Blues
Second Fleet horrors
HORROR SCENES ON THE BOATS
Courting disaster with the interlopers
Bennelong and Phillip
Then the rest of the world goes bung
Colony Going Places (With Some Teething Troubles)
Rising to the Task: The NSW Corps Steps Up
LIFE ON THE FRONTIER: A LAND OF BRUTALITY AND OPPORTUNITY
Setting up trading monopolies
The ascendancy of the ‘Rum Corps’
Upsetting the reverends
Ruling with Goodhearted Incompetence: Governor Hunter
Ending the trading monopoly game
A government store with empty shelves
Handing out land higgledy-piggledy
CRIMINALS OF GREAT ENTERPRISE
Hunter’s wheels fall off
King Came, King Saw, King Conquered — Kind Of
Diversifying trade and production
Ending the rum trade (well … points for trying)
LAYING A CLAIM IN VAN DIEMEN’S LAND
Pardoning convicts
Fixing up the mess
Choosing Bligh for the job
Bligh gets down to business
Removing rum as payment
Quashing all dissension and threatening eviction
Bligh’s end
Soldiers and common populace join forces
Sorting out fact from legend
A Nation of Second Chances
Macquarie’s Brave New World
Converting Macquarie
Living under the Macquarie regime
FLINDERS GOES INVESTIGATING AND FINDS THE NAME AUSTRALIA
Macquarie’s Main Points of Attack
Pushing expansion
Expanding settlement
GETTING THROUGH THE BLUE MOUNTAINS BLUES
Expanding the economy
Conciliating (and pursuing) Indigenous Australians
Re-ordering a town, re-ordering convict behaviour
Introducing order to Sydney’s layout
HELLO NSW: CALL ME LACHLAN, AND I’LL CALL EVERYTHING MACQUARIE
Introducing order to the population’s behaviour
Becoming a Governor Ahead of His Time
Stirring up trouble with the free folk
Creating outrage back home
Big World Changes for Little NSW
Coping with the deluge following Waterloo
Britain starts paying attention again (unfortunately!)
Bringing back terror
Big Country? Big Ambitions? Bigge the Inspector? Big Problem!
Recognising Macquarie’s Legacy
1820s to 1900: Wool, Gold, Bust and then Federation
Getting Tough, Making Money and Taking Country
Revamping the Convict System
Putting the terror back into the system … and the system back into the terror
Bringing in the settlers
CHAIN GANGS AND FLOGGINGS — WELL, FOR SOME
Bringing in the enforcers
Getting Tough Love from Darling
Running into staffing issues
Going head-to-head with the press
Coming up against calls for representation
TWO SOLDIERS AND THE SON OF A HIGHWAYMAN
Putting it all down to a personality clash
Enduring Tough Times from Arthur
Concentrating on punishment and reform
Recording punishments in the system
Fighting bushrangers and Tasmanian Aboriginals
Breeding bushrangers
Fighting the ‘Black War’
TASMANIAN DEVILS
TREKKING AROUND VAN DIEMEN’S LAND
Hitting the Big Time with Wool and Grabbing Land
Opening up Australia’s fertile land
Adding sheep, making money
RIDING THAT SHEEP’S BACK (AND THE LIVING’S RELATIVELY EASY)
Clashing with the locals: white pioneers, black pioneers
Fighting the land grab
Putting convicts in their place
Quietly accepting the inevitable
NO CONVICTS, PLEASE, WE’RE SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Economic Collapse and the Beginnings of Nationalism
Bubble Times: From Speculative Mania to a Big Collapse
Working the market into a frenzy
Investing in land with easy credit
COMBINING PROPERTY SELLING WITH THE COCKTAIL HOUR
Ducking for cover as the economy collapses
Picking up the pieces after the implosion
Moving On from Convictism
British calls to end convict ‘slavery’
Ending transportation to NSW
Feeling the effects of ending transportation
Van Diemen’s Land hits saturation point
Feeling the First Stirrings of Nationalism
Britain tries turning the convict tap back on
GOING FEDERAL WITH ANTI-TRANSPORTATION PROTESTS
Britain offers exiles instead
A LITTLE HELP, PLEASE: CONVICTS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Protecting Indigenous Australians — British Colonial Style
Attempting to protect Aboriginal peoples
ABORIGINAL RESISTANCE AND SELF-PROTECTION
New possibility on Merri Creek
Same old tragedy on Myall Creek
The Discovery of Gold and an Immigration Avalanche
You want gold? We got gold!
Discovering gold (and going a little crazy)
COMING DOWN WITH A BAD CASE OF GOLD FEVER
Introducing order and hoping for calm
Adding a gambling mentality to the mix
Working Towards the Workingman’s Paradise
THREATS OF REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN? TRY THE AUSTRALIAN SAFETY-VALVE SOLUTION
That Eureka Moment
Rumblings of discontent
Tensions boil over
THE CHARTISTS ARRIVE
The Arrival of Self-Government
Votes for a few men
Votes for many men
Suffrage goes rogue
Demanding an eight-hour day — and getting it
EIGHT HOURS WORKING LEAVES MORE TIME FOR PLAY (AND PARADING)
Demanding the opening up of arable land
Demanding higher trade protection
Unlocking the Arable Lands
Moving the squatters
Making new laws for new farmers
Dealing with squatter problems
Facing up to non-squatter problems
WHAT THE ITALIANS, GERMANS AND CHINESE SHOWED COULD BE DONE
Explorers, Selectors, Bushrangers … and Trains
Explorer Superstars
Seeking thrills in the ‘great unknown’ …
… Then making the unknown known
Sturt and Leichhardt Go Looking
Sturt — have boat, will walk
Leichhardt also walks … right off the map
The Great Race — Stuart versus Burke and Wills
Seeing the back of Burke, losing Wills
CAMELEERS OPENING UP AUSTRALIA’S INTERIOR
Super Stuart — just a pity he’s drunk
Stuart’s expedition to the centre
Stuart’s expedition to the north
Selectors and Bushrangers
Moving on from the selectors’ dust heap
Bushranging nation
When the Gardiner Gang comes together … look out!
MEETING THE MEMBERS OF THE GARDINER GANG
The Gardiner Gang meet their (mostly) grisly ends
Getting in on the action with the Greta Mob
Ned Kelly: Oppressed Selector’s Son? Larrikin Wild Child? Stone-cold killer?
Kelly’s key events
Euroa Bank hold-up — 9 to 10 December 1878
Holding up Jerilderie — 9 to 10 February 1879
Showdown at Glenrowan — 26 to 28 June 1880
The man in the iron mask
Growing Towards Nationhood … Maybe
A telegraph to the world
It’s raining trains
Building up a good head of steam laying train lines
Trains bring (politically motivated) growth
Work, Play and Politics during the Long Boom
The ‘Workingman’s Paradise’ Continues
Growth brings jobs
RICHARD TWOPENY’S TWO CENTS
Workingwomen’s paradise too
Workers’ Playtime
MELBOURNE CUP GETS GOING (RAUCOUSLY)
Beating the English at cricket
New codes of football
SPORTING AND CULTURAL DIVIDES
The Big Myth of the Bush: Not So Rural Australia
Rearranging the Political Furniture
Charting new colonial directions
Creating Colonial Liberalism
LIBERALS VERSUS CHARTISTS
Taking on the squatters, but not the conservatives
Gaining power for the Colonial Liberalists
GETTING ALL WORKED UP IN PARLIAMENT
Intervening in the economy
Trains — Colonial Liberal style
Tariffs
Education – for everyone
MELBOURNE THE (MOSTLY) MARVELLOUS
The Economy’s Collapsed — Anyone for Nationhood?
From Boom to Bust
The bubble before the pop
And now for a big collapse
Stalling economy
Decreasing foreign investments
Banks crashing loudly
THE MELBOURNE PERSONALITY SPLIT
Three strikes and we’re out — industrial turmoil
Strike 1: Maritime strike, 1890
Strike 2: Shearers’ strikes, 1891 and 1894
Strike 3: Broken Hill miners’ strike, 1892
Birthing the Australian Labor Party
From little things …
Two Australian halves of a Labor story
Labor politicos and Labor unionists — the struggle begins!
GOING OUT WEST — KALGOORLIE GOLD
New Nation? Maybe. Maybe Not
Why Federation happened
The collapse of the old dream
Railing against second-rate ‘colonial’ status
MAVERICK ARCHIE AND THE BULLETIN SCHOOL
How Federation happened
Tentative first steps at Tenterfield
Convening for Constitution
Getting real at Corowa
People’s delegates attend conventions
Referendum 1 — the people say No
Referendum 2 — the people say Yes!
Even WA says Yes!
Bingo! New Nation
THREE REALLY BIG 1890S MOMENTS FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE
Three men who made Federation happen
Edmund Barton — eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we federate
Alfred Deakin — crushed by the crash, redeemed by Federation
George Reid — fat guy makes history!
The 20th Century: New Nation, New Trajectories
Nation Just Born Yesterday
Advancing Australia: A Social Laboratory
Defining the Commonwealth
What the judges said
What the politicians did
What everyday people thought
Passing Innovative Legislation
Franchising Australian women
Opening up economic possibilities for women
Taking a piece of the political action
MILESTONE MOMENTS: WOMEN WINNING THE RIGHT TO VOTE
Establishing bold new protection
HELLO MR DEAKIN
Deciding on a fair and reasonable wage
Voting in Labor
That Whole White Australia Thing
Passing the Immigration Restriction Act
Promising ‘protection’ — and delivering the absolute opposite …
LAYING FOUNDATIONS WITH THE ‘FIGHT OF THE CENTURY’
Excluding Chinese Australians
Dealing with the ‘piebald north’
Deporting the ‘Kanakas’
Pushing ‘purity’
World War I: International and Local Ruptures
Gearing Up for Global War
Building up Australian forces
Choosing the best party to lead the wartime government
Why get involved?
Australia at War
Proving ourselves to the world, part I: Gallipoli
AUSTRALIAN IMPERIAL FORCES AND THE ANZAC LEGEND
Proving ourselves to the world, part II: The Western Front
General John Monash engineers some victory
Battling for Hamel
Fighting for Amiens
Changing tactics at Mont St Quentin
Holding it together long enough to make the victory march
Making it to the final battle: The attack on the Hindenburg Line
Home Front Hassles
Getting on the war footing
Irish troubles
INTRODUCING THE SIX O’CLOCK SWILL
19th-century multiculturalism
Old tensions boil over
Conscription controversy
Asking the nation once …
Asking the nation twice …
When Billy goes rogue — aftermath of the Labor split
Moving the Pieces around the Global Table: Australia at Versailles
Australia Unlimited
Expanding Australia
Postwar Australia — from sour to unlimited
Postwar blues? Take the ‘Men, Money and Markets’ cure
BRUCE! OF MELBOURNE
Protecting Australia with more tariffs and a Great White Train
Development and migration
NOT IMMEDIATELY HAPPY LITTLE VEGEMITES
Scientific and industrial innovation
Australia Not-So-Unlimited
Borrowing unlimited for little Australia
Land disasters
Schizoid Nation
Sport, the beach and picture shows
Cars, radios and Californian bungalows
Returned soldiers — elite, but angry
THE RETURNED AND SERVICES LEAGUE — LARRIKINS AND HEROES
HOW TO MARK THE ANZAC ANNIVERSARY — PRAYING OR GAMBLING?
The race bogey
The Workers of Australia …
Labor turns hard left
Labor in state governments
An attack of the Wobblies
Bruce arbitrates his own destruction
WHAT IF YOU HELD AN ELECTION AND NOBODY CAME?
1930 to 1949: Going So Wrong, So Soon?
A Not So Great Depression
Crash and Depression
Borrowing like there’s no tomorrow
Here comes tomorrow
The man from the Bank (of England)
The Melbourne Agreement
A(nother) Labor Split
Two different solutions for the Great Depression problems
The moderate view — triumph of the ordinary Joe
The radical view, as Jack saw it
A party shoots itself in both feet
Lang sacked and Labor in tatters
THE ENID AND JOE LYONS SHOW
Threats to Democracy from Best Friends and Enemies
Seeing the virtues of communism
Forming secret armies
NSW’s Old Guard
Victoria’s White Army
Sydney’s New Guard
BUILDING AN ICON: THE SYDNEY HARBOUR BRIDGE
Mistakes and Resilience through the Crisis
The politicians fail
Doing (too) well at Ottawa
When it comes back to bite you — the 1936 trade diversion fiasco
The people endure
Celebrating 26 January 1938? Yes. Mourning and Protesting? Also yes
CREATING LEGENDS: PHAR LAP AND BODYLINE
World War II Battles
Building Up to War
Defences through the Great Depression
Embracing the Singapore Strategy
Belatedly prodded into action
Dealing with Early War Problems
Problems with tactics and technology
Problems with officer training and promotions
Problems with weapons
Overseas Again
War in northern Africa
Capturing Bardia and Tobruk
Enduring the siege of Tobruk
Winning at El Alamein
War in the Mediterranean
This Time It’s Personal: War in the Pacific
Britain can’t do everything: The fall of Singapore
Attacks on Australia
PRIME MINISTER CURTIN: RELUCTANT HERO
Um, America — can we be friends?
Turning the tide in the Coral Sea and on the Kokoda Trail
HERE COME THE AMERICANS: ‘OVERPAID, OVERSEXED AND OVER HERE’
PRISONERS OF WAR: AN EXTENDED SUFFERING
Jungle victories
Petering into significance
Tackling Issues on the Home Front
Industrialisation and business expansion
INDUSTRIALISTS IN POLITICAL POWER
Rationing and control
Women in war times
Taxing everyone and building a welfare system
Making Australia New Again
Restarting the Social Laboratory Under Chifley
Chifley’s Postwar Reconstruction
Focusing on public works and welfare
Developing the public service
COOMBS: NUGGET DYNAMO
Increasing legislative interventions
Coming up against High Court troubles
Calwell and the Postwar Migration Revolution
Looking beyond Britain to meet migration needs
Breaking the mould of mainstream Australia
Shifting Balances with Foreign Policy
Giving a voice to all nations in the UN
Choosing between America and Britain
Treading On an Ants’ Nest — of Angry Banks
Taking a tentative step
Going full-steam down the nationalisation road
1950 to 2000: Prosperity and Social Turmoil
Ambushed — by Prosperity!
Economics of the Postwar Dreamtime
Developing industry and manufacturing
HOLDENS — FROM FUNCTIONAL TO FANCY
Accepting ‘new’ Australian workers
Indigenous Australians push back against new policies
BUILDING THE SNOWIES
Suburbia! The Final Frontier
White goods make good friends
New neighbourhoods and isolation
The Rise and Rise of Bob Menzies
Appealing to ‘the forgotten people’
Appealing to women
Appealing to everyday freedoms
GENERATION NEXT
Tackling the Communist Threat
Menzies tries to ban the Communist Party
FIGHTING COMMUNISTS OVERSEAS: THE KOREAN WAR
A man called Petrov and another Labor split
Taking Things Apart in the 1960s and 1970s
Moving On from Empire
Still loving Britain
Losing Britain all the same
Looking to Japan and America
Defending Australia … with America
FROM ROCK AND ROLL TO MERSEYBEAT
Attack of the Baby Boomers!
Ending White Australia
In the red corner — the Labor Party
On the blue side — the Liberal Party
Ending the policy finally … sort of
INSISTING ON THE RIGHT TO SAY NO — TO WAR
Gaining rights for Indigenous Australians
Riding for Indigenous rights
Pushing for land rights
Fighting for women’s rights
Crashing — or Crashing Through — With Gough
It’s (finally Labor’s) Time!
THE WHITLAM ATTITUDE: SOCIAL DEMOCRACY
The Whitlam typhoon
When the wheels fall off …
When Old Australia Dies … Is New Australia Ready?
The Coming of Malcolm Fraser
ISSUING THE FRASER CHALLENGE
Launching the good ship Multi-Culti
Taking in Vietnamese refugees
Implementing multiculturalism
Fraser foiled! By shifting economic sands
INTRODUCING MULTICULTURAL TELEVISION FOR ALL AUSTRALIANS
Deregulation Nation
Welcoming in ‘Hawke’s World’
Striking an Accord
Floating the dollar
Breaking the protection racket
Feeling the effects of short-term excess
A pinch of 1980s excess …
… Followed by the worst and most protracted recession in 60 years
A TREASURER EXPLAINS HIMSELF
Deregulating the labour market
Fighting the Culture Wars
Keating fires the starting gun
Bumps on the multi-culti road
Howard versus the ‘brain class’
Pauline Hanson enters the debate (and turns Howard’s head)
Battling Over Native Title
Acting on the Mabo judgement
Panicking after the Wik judgement
INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS IN REMOTE REGIONS AND CITIES
2000 and Beyond: Seeking Solutions to Global and Local Problems
Into the New Millennium
Still Dealing with the Outside World
Protecting the borders
BOB IS DEFINITELY NOT YOUR UNCLE
Flashpoint Tampa
Dealing with the Bali bombings
FIGHTING OVERSEAS
Facing Up to Challenges at Home
Apologising to the Stolen Generations
Creating more wealth for more people
New political directions
TWO CHALLENGES FOR A STRONG SOCIETY IN A NEW CENTURY
WREAKING DEVASTATION ON BLACK SATURDAY
Facing Off Between Two Australias
A Dozen Years with a Changing Beat
SOME SEISMIC GLOBAL EVENTS
The Australian Cavalcade of Events
Revolving the door for prime ministers
Turnbull’s time
‘IT DOESN’T EXPLAIN EVERYTHING, IT DOESN’T EXPLAIN NOTHING’: WOMEN AND MISOGYNY IN POLITICAL LIFE
ISSUING AN ULURU STATEMENT FROM THE HEART
Turnbull undone
Believing in election miracles
Tackling Three Seriously Significant Issues
That big China question
The People versus Big Tech
The People versus COVID
CATCHING UP ON THE CLIMATE WARS
Leaders, Politics, Culture and Two Australias
From tribe to brand
Politics? Downstream of culture
Culture? Downwind of politics
Cosmopolis Australia
Heartland Australia
ELECTION 2019: FLASHBULB MOMENT ON THE TWO AUSTRALIAS
The Part of Tens
Ten Things Australia Gave the World
The Boomerang
The Ticket of Leave System
The Secret Ballot
The Eight-Hour Day
Feature Films
The Artificial Pacemaker
The Practical Application of Penicillin
Airline Safety Devices
Permaculture
Spray-on Skin
Ten Game-Changing Moments
Cook Claims the East Coast of Australia
Henry Kable Claims a Suitcase — and Rights for Convicts
Gold Discovered
Women Get the Vote in South Australia and Federally
Building a Fortress out of Australia — the White Australia Policy
Australia splits over Conscription
Australia on the Western Front
The Post–World War II Migration Program
Lake Mungo Woman
Mabo
Index. A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
About the Author
Dedication
Author’s Acknowledgements
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
