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Contents
Deutsche Vereinigung für Gestalttherapie: Greeting
European Association for Gestalt Therapy: Greeting
Preface to the English Edition
Preface and Acknowledgements (from the First German Edition)
THE WORK OF REMEMBERING AND TOPICALITY
I. BIOGRAPHICAL COMPONENTS. 1. Formative Life Contexts. War – Expressionism – Psychoanalysis
2. The Jewish Context and the Educational Ideal of Classical Humanism
2.1 Jews in the German Empire. Between Anti-Semitism and German-Jewish Cultural Chauvinism
2.2 Bourgeois Humanism Turns into Nationalism
2.3 The Humanistic Educational Ideal. Individuality and Holistic Personality Development
2.3.1 Friedrich Schiller. The »Middle Mode« and »Living Gestalt«15
3. Early Influences. 3.1 A Family from the Eastern Reaches of the German Empire
3.2 The Perls Family. »Creeping up the Middle-Class Ladder«
3.3 Childhood. Father Conflict and Rebellion
3.3.1 »The Emperor has no Clothes.«
3.4 Experiences in School. The Subservient Mentality and Unsuccessful Triangulation. 3.4.1 The Winners in Modernization. Concerning the Level of Jewish Education
3.4.2 Cruel Teachers and an Absent Father
3.5 Perls’s Father. An Irregular Freemason
3.5.1 »The Order of Humanists« and the Peculiarity of Life in Nathan Perls’s Lodges
3.5.2 Grand Master Nathan Perls. Revisionist and Nonconformist
3.6 Experiences in the Theater. The Search for Emotional Truth
3.6.1 A Mother Who Loved Art
3.6.2 Max Reinhardt
3.6.3 Perls the Actor. Revealing False Poses
3.7 Sexuality. Freud and Kohut. 3.7.1 Sexual Need and the Hunger for Life
3.7.2 Perls’s »Sexual Problem« and Self Psychology
3.8 Medical Studies
4. War, Trauma, and Revolution
4.1 War and the Cultural Avant-Garde
4.2 Working for the Red Cross and the Initial Shock of War
4.3 The Front Line, Gas Warfare, Death. Field Theory As an Experience
4.4 The »Jewish Census« and the German-Jewish Patriots
4.5 Bohemian Berlin. Injury and Opposition
4.6 The Trauma of War
4.7 Revolution and Murder Continue
4.7.1 The Civil War of 1918/1919 in Berlin
4.7.2 Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht are Murdered. The Bohemian Scene Radicalizes Itself
4.8 Perls in »Peaceful Freiburg« and the Counter-Revolution in Munich62
4.9 Gustav Landauer’s Liberal Socialism
5. The Artistic Avant-Garde in Berlin and the Expressionist Weltanschauung
5.1 Perls in the Bohemian Circle Surrounding Salomo Friedlaender/Mynona
5.2 Ego Dissociation and the Renewal of Humanity
5.3 Hannah Höch. The Simultaneity of Perception. Constructivism
5.4 A Precious Figure against a Nihilistic Ground
5.5 Friedlaender/Mynona’s Approach. Nietzsche, Polarism, the Middle Point
5.6 The Dadaistic Revolt and the Gestalt Dada
5.6.1 Fritz Perls – »Gestalt Dada«
5.7 Raoul Hausmann »Philosopher of Dada« and Polarity Theoretician
5.8 Otto Gross. Anarchism and Psychoanalysis
5.8.1 Gross and Hausmann. Revolting against One’s Own Conventions
5.8.2 Cultural-Revolutionary Psychoanalysis. One’s Own Authority as Opposed to the Authority of the Other
5.8.3 The Need for Contact. Loneliness or Submission
6. The Years of the Weimar Republic
6.1 The Early Crisis Years. Anti-Semitism and Inflation
6.2 The »Golden Twenties.« Americanism and the Coldness Metaphor
6.3 Psychoanalysis. Initial Contacts. 6.3.1 Sigmund Freud as the Saviour
6.3.2 Karen Horney. Human Involvement and Hopes of Growth
6.4 Frankfurt. The Gestalt Concept or, Thinking in Terms of Context and Relationships
6.4.1 Goldstein, Lewin and the Unconscious
6.4.2 An Integrative Atmosphere
6.4.3 Psychoanalysis and Gestalt Psychology113
6.5 Intermezzo at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute
6.5.1 Attending Wilhelm Reich’s »Technical Seminar.« Resistance and Character Analysis
6.5.2 Orgasm and the Genital Character
6.6 A New Beginning in Berlin. Medicine and Psychoanalysis
6.6.1 Working as a Physician
6.6.2 Learning and Suffering at the Psychoanalytic Institute
6.7 The Bauhaus Concept
6.8 Political Polarization, Dialectics, and Alienation
6.8.1 Perls Attempts to Take a Class Position
6.8.2 Georg Lukács. Hegel, Dialectics and the Contextual Method
7. The Concept of Totality. 7.1 Totality on the Left and on the Right
7.2 The Transitional Gestalt and the Figure of Tension
7.3 The Individualism of Lebensphilosophie
8. At the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. 1930–1933
8.1 Siegfried Bernfeld. The Gestalt Experience and »Social Place«
8.2 Wilhelm Reich. Politics and the Continuing Development of Active Technique
8.2.1 Neocatharsis and Physical Resistance. From Ferenczi to Fenichel and Reich
8.2.2 Masochism and Politics. Bernfeld and Freud against Reich
9. Hunger, Chewing, Growing. Intellectual Approaches of One’s Own in Opposition to the Power of Psychoanalytic Interpretation and the German Tradition of Obedience
9.1 Ernst Bloch. The Hunger Drive, Self-Extension, and the Dawning of the New
10. Trauma Therapy and Figures of Steel
10.1 The Trauma of War and »Acting Out« Therapy
10.2 Armored Men. Men of Steel
11. Perls’s Lessons from the End of the Weimar Republic
11.1 Dr. Perls and the »Marxist Workers’ School« (MASCH)170
11.2 Left Freudians
11.3 Splitting instead of Integration. The Failure of the »Anti-Fascist Action«
11.4 The Marginalization of Wilhelm Reich
11.5 Endangerment and Escape
11.5.1 Confluence and Projections Can Cost Lives
12. Exodus and Death
12.1 The Fate of the Perls Family in Berlin193
II. THE EXPERIENCES OF THE GERMAN-JEWISH AVANT-GARDE. THEIR TOPICALITY TODAY. 1. German-Jewish Experiences
1.1 Kafka’s Four-Legged Beings
1.2 Universalism, Loneliness, Modernity
1.3 Gestalt Assimilation Theory. A Biological-Sociological Resistance Metaphor
2. Autonomy instead of Auschwitz: Confluence Kills
3. Perls’s Topicality: Identity Work
3.1 Nietzsche and the Artists
3.2 The Multiplicity of the Subject
3.3 Kafka and Perls. »But« versus »And«
4. Mephistopheles As a Ferment for Integration. Perls’s Leitmotiv
4.1 There Is No End to Integration
4.2 Mephistopheles. Disturbing and Complementing
5. Conclusion. Expressionists, Émigrés, and Those in Search of a Homeland
Annotations. Prefaces
The work of remembering and topicality
I. Biographical Components
II. THE EXPERIENCES OF THE GERMAN-JEWISH AVANT-GARDE. THEIR TOPICALITY TODAY
Appendix. Institutions and Archives Consulted:
References
Index
EHP – Edition Humanistische Psychologie
Eds. Anna and Milan Sreckovic
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6.7 The Bauhaus Concept
6.8 Political Polarization, Dialectics, and Alienation
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