Synopsis of Orthopaedic Trauma Management

Synopsis of Orthopaedic Trauma Management
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User-friendly resource presents state-of-the-art management of orthopaedic trauma Orthopaedic trauma spans the full spectrum of injury, from simple fractures to life-threatening accidents with multiple broken bones. As such, these incidents are a common reason patients visit emergency departments and receive treatment from orthopaedic surgeons. Synopsis of Orthopaedic Trauma Management by nationally recognized experts Brian Mullis, Greg Gaski, and esteemed contributors fills a gap in the literature by providing a concise yet comprehensive reference for evaluating these conditions and initiating immediate treatment. The text provides a well-rounded perspective on the surgical and nonsurgical management of trauma in adult and pediatric patients. The opening section lays a solid foundation, with chapters covering physiology, open and closed fracture management, imaging, biomechanics, complications, and other core topics. Subsequent chapters address a full compendium of orthopaedic procedures to treat traumatic conditions of the upper and lower extremities, pelvis, and spine. Key Features Bulleted format provides quick and authoritative navigation of essential information needed for effective treatmentA wealth of high-quality illustrations, radiographic images, and tables supplement concise textUniformly organized chapters include up-to-date, clinically relevant statistics and suggestions for further readingVideos by renowned experts enhance understanding of specific fractures and orthopaedic surgery approaches This is a must-have resource for providers who treat orthopaedic trauma patients, including general and orthopaedic surgeons, residents, ER physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, medical students, and others on call. It also provides a robust review for orthopaedic residents prepping for the boards.

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Brian H. Mullis. Synopsis of Orthopaedic Trauma Management

Contents

Preface

Contributors

Videos

1 Physiology of Fracture Healing

Introduction

I. Fracture Healing Components

II. Types of Fracture Healing—Putting it All (and the Bone) Back Together

III. Strategies to Manage Bone Defects or Augment and Accelerate Fracture Healing

IV. Clinical Rationale to Review Fracture Healing

Summary

Suggested Readings

2 Open Fractures and Principles of Soft Tissue Management

Introduction

I. Mechanism of Injury

II. Classification

III. Principles of Open Fracture Management in the Emergent Setting

IV. Surgical Management of Open Fractures

V. Soft Tissue Management in Extremity Injuries

Summary

Suggested Readings

3 Closed Fracture Management/Casting

Introduction

I. Specific Reduction Techniques and Principles of Casting and Splinting

II. Nonoperative Treatment of Displaced Fractures of the Upper and Lower Extremity

III. Casting Techniques

IV. Traction Pin Placement

V. Complications of Closed Treatment

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

4 Biomechanics of Internal Fracture Fixation

Introduction

I. Definitions

II. Implant Construct Design and the Mechanobiology of Fracture Healing

III. Strategies for Modulating Stiffness, Strength, Stress, and Strain

Summary

Suggested Readings

5 How to Analyze a Journal Article?

Introduction

I. Components of a Standard Article

II. Types of Studies

III. Levels of Evidence

IV. Basic Statistical Interpretation

V. Critical Analysis of a Journal Article

Suggested Readings

6 Acute Infection Following Musculoskeletal Surgery

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Anatomy of Infection

III. Serologic Analysis

IV. Imaging

V. Classification

VI. Treatment

VII. Outcomes

VIII. Complications

IX. Special Considerations—Pediatric Population

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

7 Nonunion and Malunion

Introduction

I. Assessment of Nonunions

II. Treatment of Nonunions

III. Malunion

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

8 Biologics

Introduction

I. The Biology of Bone Grafts

II. Influence of Growth Factors and Antagonists on the Phases of Fracture Healing

III. Categories of Available Biologic Adjuvants for Clinical Use

Suggested Readings

9 Polytrauma

Introduction

I. Priorities and Goals of Treatment

II. Evaluation

III. Treatment/Interventions

IV. Orthopaedic Surgical Management

Summary

Suggested Readings

10 Osteoporosis

Introduction

I. Bone Health

II. Bone Physiology

III. Types of Osteoporosis

IV. Nonmodifiable Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

V. Modifiable Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

VI. Diagnosis

VII. Treatment and Indications for Pharmacotherapy

VIII. Prevention

Summary

Suggested Readings

11 Pathologic Fractures

Introduction

I. History and Physical Exam

II. Staging and Biopsy

III. Indications and Timing

IV. Behaviors of Tumor Subtypes

V. Treatment and Management

VI. Adjuvants

VII. Complications and Pitfalls

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

12 Principles of Pediatric Fracture Management

Introduction

Pediatric Elbow Fractures. I. Preoperative

II. Anatomy and Imaging

III. Classification

IV. Initial Management

V. Definitive Management

VI. Complications

VII. Rehabilitation

VIII. Outcomes

Pediatric Forearm Fractures. I. Preoperative

II. Imaging

III. Classification

IV. Initial Treatment

V. Definitive Treatment

VI. Complications

VII. Rehabilitation

VIII. Outcomes

Femoral Shaft. I. Preoperative

II. Anatomy and Imaging

III. Classification

IV. Initial and Definitive Treatment

V. Type of Immobilization or Fixation

VI. Complications

VII. Rehabilitation

VIII. Outcomes

Pediatric Physeal Ankle Fractures. I. Preoperative

II. Anatomy and Imaging

III. Classification

IV. Initial Treatment

V. Definitive Treatment

VI. Complications

VII. Rehabilitation

VIII. Outcomes

Suggested Readings

13 Acute Compartment Syndrome

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations

Suggested Readings

14 Amputations

Introduction

I. Preoperative Assessment

II. Initial Management

III. Definitive Management

IV. Surgical Principles

V. Postoperative Care

VI. Complications

VII. Rehabilitation

VIII. Outcome Measures for Amputees

IX. Special Considerations for Pediatric, Geriatric, and Compromised Patients

Suggested Readings

15 Rib Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

16 Imaging of Orthopaedic Trauma

Introduction

I. Choice of Imaging

II. Imaging Modalities

III. Radiation Safety

IV. Imaging in a Trauma Patient

V. Specific Imaging

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

17 Sternoclavicular and Acromioclavicular Dislocations

Introduction. Sternoclavicular (SC) Dislocations

Acromioclavicular (AC) Dislocations

I. Preoperative Steps of Sternoclavicular Dislocations

II. Treatment of Sternoclavicular Dislocations

III. Preoperative Steps of Acromioclavicular Dislocations

IV. Treatment of Acromioclavicular Dislocations

Conclusion

Suggested Readings. Sternoclavicular Dislocations

Acromioclavicular Dislocations

18 Clavicle Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

19 Scapular Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for Pediatric Patients

Suggested Readings

20 Shoulder Dislocation

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

21 Proximal Humerus Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations

Summary

Suggested Readings

22 Humeral Shaft Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

23 Distal Humerus Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

24 Elbow Dislocation

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations

Summary

Suggested Readings

25 Olecranon and Monteggia Fractures

Introduction

Fractures of the Olecranon. I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations

Monteggia Fractures. I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings. Fractures of the Olecranon

Monteggia Fractures

26 Radial Head and Neck Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations For Pediatric and/or Geriatric Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

27 Radius and Ulna Shaft Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for Pediatric Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

28 Distal Radius and Galeazzi Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations

Suggested Readings

29 Hand Fractures and Dislocation

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

30 Pelvic Ring Injuries

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for Pediatric Patients

Suggested Readings

31 Acetabular Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for Pediatric Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

32 Hip Dislocation

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for Pediatric and Geriatric Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

33 Femoral Neck and Head Fractures

Introduction

Femoral Neck Fractures. I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Femoral Head Fractures. I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

34 Intertrochanteric, Pertrochanteric, and Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment in Adults

III. Special Considerations: Pediatric Hip Fractures

Summary

Suggested Readings

35 Femoral Shaft Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations

Summary

Suggested Readings

36 Distal Femur Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations

Summary

Suggested Readings

37 Knee Dislocation

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for Pediatric Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

38 Patella Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for Pediatric and/or Geriatric Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

39 Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Ruptures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

40 Tibial Plateau Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Suggested Readings

41 Tibia and Fibula Shaft Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative Evaluation and Assessment

II. Treatment

III. Complications

IV. Rehabilitation

V. Outcomes

VI. Special Considerations for Pediatric and/or Geriatric Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

42 Pilon Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for Pediatric Patients

IV. Special Considerations for Elderly Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

43 Ankle Fractures and Dislocations

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for the Elderly

Summary

Suggested Readings

44 Achilles Tendon Rupture

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

III. Special Considerations for Pediatric or Geriatric Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

45 Calcaneus Fractures

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

46 Talus Fractures

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

47 Midfoot Fractures and Dislocation (Lisfranc’s Injuries)

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

48 Forefoot Fractures

Introduction

I. History and Physical Examination

II. Anatomy

III. Imaging

IV. Classification

V. Treatment

Summary

Suggested Readings

49 Cervical Spine Trauma

Introduction

I. Preoperative

II. Specific Injury Types by Anatomic Region: Classification, Treatment, Indications for Surgery, Outcomes, and Complications

Summary

Suggested Readings

50 Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma

Introduction

I. History and Physical Examination

II. Anatomy

III. Imaging

IV. Classification

V. Initial Management

VI. Definitive Management

VII. Surgical Approaches

VIII. Fixation Techniques

IX. Complications

X. Rehabilitation

XI. Outcomes

XII. Special Considerations for Geriatric Patients

Summary

Suggested Readings

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

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Brian H. Mullis, MD Professor and Program Director Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

.....

Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine

Harborview Medical Center/University of Washington

.....

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