Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812

Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812
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Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812 is a historical account of the French invasion of Russia which was undertaken by Napoleon to force Russia back into the Continental blockade of the United Kingdom. On 24 June 1812 and the following days, the first wave of the multinational Grande Armée crossed the border into Russia with somewhere around 600,000 soldiers, the opposing Russian field forces amounted to around 180,000–200,000 at this time. Through a series of long forced marches, Napoleon pushed his army rapidly through Western Russia in a futile attempt to destroy the retreating Russian Army of Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, winning just the Battle of Smolensk in August. Under its new Commander in Chief Mikhail Kutuzov, the Russian Army continued to retreat employing attrition warfare against Napoleon forcing the invaders to rely on a supply system that was incapable of feeding their large army in the field. The fierce Battle of Borodino, seventy miles west of Moscow, was a narrow French victory that resulted in a Russian general withdrawal to the south of Moscow near Kaluga. On 14 September, Napoleon and his army of about 100,000 men occupied Moscow, only to find it abandoned, and the city was soon ablaze. Napoleon stayed in Moscow for 5 weeks, waiting for a peace offer that never came. Lack of food for the men and fodder for the horses, hypothermia from the bitter cold and guerilla warfare from Russian peasants and Cossacks led to great losses. Three days after the Battle of Berezina, only around 10,000 soldiers of the main army remained. On 5 December, Napoleon left the army and returned to Paris.

Оглавление

Edward A. Foord. Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812

Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812

Table of Contents

CHAPTER I. THE PRELIMINARIES

CHAPTER II. NAPOLEON'S ARMY AND ITS GENERALS

CHAPTER III. THE RUSSIAN ARMY AND ITS GENERALS

CHAPTER IV. THE FIRST STAGE OF THE CAMPAIGN. OPERATIONS FROM KOVNO TO VITEBSK

CHAPTER V. THE OPERATIONS ABOUT SMOLENSK

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VI. THE OPERATIONS IN VOLHYNIA AND ON THE DÜNA

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VII. SMOLENSK TO BORODINO

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER VIII. THE OCCUPATION AND DESTRUCTION OF MOSCOW

CHAPTER IX. THE FRENCH SOJOURN IN MOSCOW

CHAPTER X. THE FIRST STAGES OF THE RETREAT

CHAPTER XI. THE OPERATIONS IN NAPOLEON'S REAR DURING SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER

CHAPTER XII. THE FRENCH RETREAT. MALOYAROSLAVETZ TO ORSHA

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER XIII. ORSHA TO THE BEREZINA

FOOTNOTES:

CHAPTER XIV. CONCLUSION OF THE CAMPAIGN. LOSSES AND RESULTS

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C

APPENDIX D

APPENDIX E

FOOTNOTES:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Отрывок из книги

Edward Foord

Historical Account of the French Invasion of Russia

.....

Marshal Berthier, Prince of Neufchâtel, served in 1812, as in every campaign of Napoleon since 1796, as chief-of-staff. His methodical habits and untiring industry, coupled with his complete familiarity with Napoleon's character, rendered him indispensable to the latter. His military talents were not remarkable, and his general position was rather that of a confidential secretary than that of a modern chief-of-staff—for whom, indeed, there was no place near a man of Napoleon's essentially despotic temperament.

MARSHAL DAVOUT

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