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Emily Poynton Weaver. A Canadian History for Boys and Girls
A Canadian History for Boys and Girls
Table of Contents
PREFACE
PART I. THE STRUGGLE FOR POSSESSION
INTRODUCTION
BOOK I. THE RULE OF THE TRADING COMPANIES
CHAPTER I. THE NATIVE RACES
The Old and the New Worlds
An Unknown Land
The Indians
Tribes
Mode of Life
Dress
Records
Superstitions
Indians of To-day
The Eskimos
CHAPTER II. A CENTURY OF DISCOVERY
European Traders
Christopher Columbus
John and Sebastian Cabot
French Explorers
Jacques Cartier
Donnacona and His People
Roberval
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
The Exiles of Sable Island
Discoveries in the West
CHAPTER III. THE SETTLEMENT OF ACADIA
Samuel de Champlain
A Settlement in Acadia
St. Croix
Port Royal
The Jesuits
Port Royal Attacked
English Grant of Acadia, 1621
The Newfoundland Colony
CHAPTER IV. CANADA UNDER CHAMPLAIN
Quebec Founded, 1608
Indian Wars
Champlain’s Difficulties
Henry Hudson
The First Missionaries, 1615
Champlain Tries to Form an Indian League
Chief Events 1616-28
A Time of Scarcity
The Hundred Associates
CHAPTER V. THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH AT WAR
Kirke’s Fleet
Surrender of Quebec, 1629
Claude de la Tour
Treaty of St. Germain-en-laye, 1632
Champlain’s Return, 1633
His Last Days
CHAPTER VI. THE INDIANS AND THE MISSIONARIES
The Iroquois
The Religious Orders
The Jesuits
Montreal Founded, 1642
Fear of the Iroquois
Father Jogues
The Huron Missions
Mission Villages Destroyed
Flight of the Hurons
Other Wars
Teachers Sent to the Onondagas
Defence of the Long Sault, 1660
Laval
The Brandy Traffic
A Change of Government
CHAPTER VII. EVENTS IN ACADIA FROM 1632 TO 1667
Boundary Quarrels
De Razilly
Strife for Power
Lady La Tour
D’Aulnay sole Governor
Le Borgne
The English Fleet
La Tour’s Last Days
Acadia Restored to France
Prince Edward Island
Newfoundland
CHAPTER VIII. SOCIAL CONDITIONS UNDER THE COMPANIES
The Population
Buildings
Dress
Food
Domestic Animals
Money and Trade
Religion and Morals
BOOK II. NEW FRANCE AND ITS ROYAL GOVERNORS
CHAPTER I. DE TRACY AND TALON
The Sovereign Council, 1663
The Marquis de Tracy
Invasion of the Iroquois Country
The First Intendant
Seigneurial Tenure
The First Settlements
Generosity of Louis XIV
The Fur Trade
Talon and the Explorers
CHAPTER II. FRONTENAC AND LA SALLE
Count de Frontenac, 1672
Fort at Cataraqui
The Coureurs de Bois
Explorers
La Salle
Frontenac Recalled, 1682
La Salle’s Colony
CHAPTER III. LA BARRE AND DENONVILLE
La Barre and the Iroquois
Denonville
Lamberville’s Escape
Invasion of the Seneca Country
Iroquois Outrages
The Rat’s Plot
Massacre of Lachine, 1689
CHAPTER IV. STRIFE IN ACADIA AND ON HUDSON BAY
Sir Thomas Temple
St. Castin
The Governors of Acadia
Attacks on Penobscot
The English at Hudson Bay
Radisson and des Groselliers
The English Driven from the Bay
The Revolution in England, 1688
CHAPTER V. COUNT DE FRONTENAC AGAIN
New France in Danger
The Three War Parties
Effect of the Raids
Invasion of Acadia
The Attempt on Canada, 1690
Villebon
Iroquois Raids
The Defence of Fort Verchères
The Fur Trade
D’Iberville
The Treaty of Ryswick, 1697
Frontenac’s Death
Peace with the Iroquois
Growth of French Possessions
CHAPTER VI. QUEEN ANNE’S WAR
Outbreak of War
Plan to Attack Canada
Port Royal Taken, 1710
Attempt on Canada, 1711
Peace of Utrecht, 1713
CHAPTER VII. TROUBLOUS TIMES IN ACADIA
Louisbourg Founded, 1713
The Acadians
The Oath of Allegiance
The Debatable Lands
New Forts
La Vérendrye and his Sons
CHAPTER VIII. THE WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION
War in Europe
The French Attack Nova Scotia
Siege of Louisbourg, 1745
Invasion of Canada Planned
The French Fleets
The English Surprised by the French
William Johnson
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748
CHAPTER IX. THE BOUNDARY QUARRELS
La Galissonière
The British Government
Halifax Founded, 1749
Cornwallis
Duquesne
George Washington
CHAPTER X. THE FOURFOLD PLAN OF ATTACK
English Plans, 1755
General Braddock
French Reinforcements
Johnson’s Victory
Discontent in Nova Scotia
Fall of Beauséjour
Removal of the Acadians
The First Assembly
CHAPTER XI. OPENING OF THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR
War Declared
Montcalm
Bigot
Oswego
Fort William Henry
Distress in Canada
Pitt
James Wolfe
Capture of Louisbourg
A French Success
English Successes
CHAPTER XII. THE FALL OF QUEBEC
English Plans, 1759
At Quebec
Montcalm on Guard
The French Deceived
The Battle
Wolfe’s Death
Montcalm’s Last Hours
Surrender of Quebec
CHAPTER XIII. THE CAPITULATION OF CANADA
The English in Quebec
Second Battle for the City
Surrender of Canada, 1760
Nova Scotia
CHAPTER XIV. SOCIAL CONDITIONS UNDER THE FRENCH KINGS
The Population
Education
Manners and Dress
Servants
Roads
The Priests
Churches
Work and Trade
Taxes and Money
The Towns
Courts of Justice
PART II. THE GROWTH OF THE PROVINCES
INTRODUCTION
BOOK I. FRENCH AND ENGLISH LAWS
CHAPTER I. THE INDIAN WAR AND CHIEF PONTIAC
Treaty of Paris, 1763
The Delaware Prophet
Pontiac
Detroit
The Western Forts
Colonel Bouquet
Peace, 1764
CHAPTER II. THE KING’S PROCLAMATION AND THE QUEBEC ACT
Canada under Martial Law
The Proclamation, 1763
The Promised Assembly
The First Canadian Newspaper
Discontent
Trouble in the Older Colonies
A New Governor
The Quebec Act
CHAPTER III. THE AMERICAN INVASION
War with England
The “Boston Tea Party.”
The Siege of Boston
Invasion of Canada
Montgomery’s Army
Arnold’s Force
Montreal Taken
The Siege of Quebec, 1775-76
Retreat of the Americans
CHAPTER IV. THE END OF THE WAR
The Declaration of Independence
Events in Canada
Burgoyne’s Surrender
Governor Haldimand
The End of the War
CHAPTER V. EVENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA
Unfair Trade Laws
The Island of St. John
A Separate Government
An American Raid
Newfoundland
CHAPTER VI. THE UNITED EMPIRE LOYALISTS
The Loyalists
Their Losses
They Come to Canada
Helped by England
Good Settlers
The Mohawk Loyalists
Land Grants
CHAPTER VII. THE FOUNDING OF NEW BRUNSWICK
Parrtown
Disagreements
New Brunswick Founded, 1784
The Government
Fredericton
The Island of St. John
CHAPTER VIII. CANADA DIVIDED
Loyalists in Canada
Lord Dorchester
A Bad State of Affairs
The Province Divided
The Constitutional Act, 1791
Making Laws
Many Governments
The Clergy
CHAPTER IX. EXPLORERS AND FUR-TRADERS
The North-West Passage
Cook and the Traders
Spanish Claims
The Fur-traders
The Hudson’s Bay Company
The North-West Company
Alexander Mackenzie
CHAPTER X. SOCIAL CONDITIONS ABOUT 1791
Population
Houses
Dress
Food
The Hungry Year
Wild Beasts
Roads
Amusements
Education
Religion
BOOK II. THE STRUGGLE FOR RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER I. THE ASSEMBLIES AND THEIR WORK
Lower Canada. The New Government
War with France
Upper Canada. Simcoe
The First Parliament
Preparation for War
The Jay Treaty
A New Capital
Schools
Prince Edward
CHAPTER II. THE GROWING POWER OF THE COUNCILS
The British Government
Power of the House of Commons
The Executive Councils
The Governor and the Councils
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Lower Canada
Upper Canada and Peter Russell
CHAPTER III. POLITICAL STRIFE
Sir James Craig
Judges in Parliament
Payment of the Officials
Craig’s Suggestions
“Le Canadien.”
Sir George Prevost
The Government of Upper Canada
Judge Thorpe
CHAPTER IV. THE WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES, 1812
Two Kinds of Strife
The Right of Search
Canada Threatened
Canadians Ready to Fight
Americans Cross the Border
Fall of Michillimackinac
The Indians
Hull’s Surrender
A Truce
Queenston Heights
Invasion of Lower Canada
Smyth’s Failure
British Losses at Sea
A Naval Duel
CHAPTER V. WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES, 1813
Frenchtown
Ogdensburg Attacked
Help from the Maritime Provinces
York Captured
Attack on Sackett’s Harbour
Stoney Creek
Beaver Dams
Laura Secord
Raids
Fighting on the Lakes
Loss of Michigan
Moraviantown
Lower Canada Threatened
Battle of Chateauguay
Chrysler’s Farm
Newark Burnt
CHAPTER VI. THE END OF THE WAR, 1814
Lacolle Mill
Oswego Captured
Battle of Chippewa
The Battle of Lundy’s Lane
Siege of Fort Erie
Attacks on the United States
The End of the War
CHAPTER VII. LORD SELKIRK’S SETTLEMENTS
Lord Selkirk
The Red River Colony
First Colonists
Buffalo Meat
Hardships
Semple
Selkirk’s Visit
CHAPTER VIII. THE MARITIME PROVINCES AFTER THE WAR
“The Great Immigration.”
Bad Trade in Nova Scotia
Lord Dalhousie
Quit-rents
Money Bills
New Brunswick’s Trade
The Miramichi Fire
Prince Edward Island
Newfoundland
Laws on Religion
CHAPTER IX. UPPER CANADA AFTER THE WAR
Robert Gourlay
Oppressive Acts
A Reform Assembly
William Lyon Mackenzie
Judge Willis
The Canada Company
The Cholera
The Clergy Reserves
Dr. Strachan
Egerton Ryerson
Religious Reforms
CHAPTER X. MACKENZIE AND COLBORNE
The New Governor
Mackenzie
Report of Grievances, 1835
Colborne’s Last Act
Sympathy between the Provinces
CHAPTER XI. STORMY YEARS IN LOWER CANADA
Hard Times
Strife for Power
Reform Leaders
The Governors
Lord Dalhousie
English Laws for Canada
Excitement
Papineau, Speaker
Grievances Inquired Into
Control of the Supplies
The Ninety-two Resolutions
General Agitation
A Royal Commission
Increased Excitement
Preparing for the Struggle
CHAPTER XII. UPPER CANADA ON THE BRINK OF REBELLION
Sir Francis Head
Papineau’s Letter
The Executive Council
Mackenzie at Work
A Rising Threatened
Queen Victoria
CHAPTER XIII. THE REBELLION, 1837
Riot in Montreal
Other Outbreaks
The Rising in Upper Canada
Toronto Threatened
The Rebels Defeated
Mackenzie on Navy Island
The “Caroline.”
Attacks in the West
CHAPTER XIV. LORD DURHAM
New Governors
The Prisoners in Upper Canada
The Governor-General
Raids
The Prisoners
Lord Durham’s Advice
Hunters’ Lodges
Fresh Outbreaks
Von Schultz
The Last Raid
The Maine Boundary Dispute
CHAPTER XV. THE UNION OF UPPER AND LOWER CANADA
Charles Poulett Thompson
Responsible Government
Union Agreed to
The Act of Union
The Executive Council
The First Parliament
CHAPTER XVI. STRUGGLE FOR REFORM IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES
Need for Reform
New Brunswick
Lemuel Allan Wilmot
The Civil List Bill
Sir John Harvey
The Compact in Nova Scotia
Joseph Howe
The Council Condemned
Sir Colin Campbell
The Governor-General
Prince Edward Island
Newfoundland
CHAPTER XVII. SOCIAL CONDITIONS, 1791-1841
Number of People
Their Occupations
New Settlers
Means of Travelling
Schools and Churches
Punishments
BOOK III. STEPS TOWARDS CONFEDERATION
CHAPTER I. THE WORKING OF THE NEW PLAN OF GOVERNMENT
Sir Charles Bagot
Sir Charles Metcalfe
Nova Scotia
Education
The New Councillor
Sir John Harvey
New Brunswick
Prince Edward Island
Responsible Government
Newfoundland
CHAPTER II. BOUNDARY TROUBLES
Difficulty with the States
The Ashburton Treaty
Western Boundaries
The Treaty of Oregon, 1846
Trade Laws
Education
Immigrants
CHAPTER III. THE REBELLION LOSSES BILL
Lord Elgin
A Reform Government
Rebellion Losses
The Parliament Buildings Burnt
Doings of the Mob
Disturbances in Upper Canada
CHAPTER IV. TRADE AND RAILWAYS
Trade Laws
Railways
Divided Parties
New Leaders
Representation by Population
The Crimean War
The Reciprocity Treaty
CHAPTER V. TROUBLOUS TIMES
The Macnab-Morin Ministry
The Clergy Reserves
Seigneurial Tenure
Double Majorities
A Gloomy Year
The Capital
The Double Shuffle
New Plan of Government
A Larger Plan
The Prince of Wales
The American Civil War
CHAPTER VI. VANCOUVER AND BRITISH COLUMBIA
The Hudson’s Bay Company
Governors
Gold Discovered
A New Colony
Justice
Disappointment
San Juan
The Red River Colony
CHAPTER VII. DEAD-LOCK
Party Strife
Lord Monck
A Gloomy Outlook
George Brown’s Proposal
The Maritime Provinces
The Charlottetown Convention
CHAPTER VIII. THE QUEBEC SCHEME OF CONFEDERATION
The Meeting at Quebec
The Plan
The Central Parliament
The Provincial Parliaments
Representation in Parliament
Money Matters
Reception of the Plan
CHAPTER IX. A WAITING TIME
End of the American War
The Reciprocity Treaty
The Fenians
Ridgeway
CHAPTER X. CONFEDERATION ACCOMPLISHED
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
The Provincial Parliaments
The B. N. A. Act
The First Dominion Day
CHAPTER XI. SOCIAL CONDITIONS, 1841-67
Population
Defence
The Indians
Farming
Other Industries
Means of Communication
PART III. THE GROWTH OF THE NATION
INTRODUCTION
THE GROWTH OF THE NATION
CHAPTER I. THE RED RIVER REBELLION
The Dominion Parliament
Nova Scotia Dissatisfied
The North-West
Louis Riel
Bishop Taché
The Manitoba Act, 1870
The Fenians Again
CHAPTER II. FROM EAST TO WEST
Disputes with the United States
The Treaty of Washington, 1871
British Columbia
Lord Dufferin
Prince Edward Island
CHAPTER III. THE MACKENZIE MINISTRY
The Pacific Railway
Alexander Mackenzie
British Columbia Dissatisfied
Work of the Government
Macdonald’s Return to Power
CHAPTER IV. UNDER LORD LORNE’S RULE
Closer Relations with England
A New C. P. R. Company
Forest Fires
Prosperity
Manitoba
Bad Trade
CHAPTER V. THE NORTH-WEST REBELLION
Discontent of the Half-breeds
Riel
Duck Lake
The Indian Rising
To the Rescue
Cut Knife Creek
Batoche
Punishment of the Rebels
CHAPTER VI. THE CLOSING YEARS OF MACDONALD’S MINISTRY
The C. P. R. Finished, 1885
The Fisheries
The Behring Sea Dispute
The Jesuits’ Estates Bill
Death of Sir John Macdonald
CHAPTER VII. RECENT EVENTS
Dishonesty in High Places
Explorations in Canada
The Colonial Conference
Death of Sir John Thompson
Newfoundland
Manitoba Separate Schools
The Tariff
“The Diamond Jubilee.”
New Gold Fields
The High Commission
War in South Africa
CHAPTER VIII. SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Population
Trade
Navigation
Railways
Electricity
Social Improvements
The Honour of our Country
DATES TO BE REMEMBERED
AN AID TO THE PRONUNCIATION OF SOME DIFFICULT NAMES
INDEX
