Manifesto of the Communist Party

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Engels Friedrich. Manifesto of the Communist Party

PREFACE

MANIFESTO. OF THE. COMMUNIST PARTY. BY KARL MARX AND FREDERICK ENGELS

I. BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS.3

II. PROLETARIANS AND COMMUNISTS

III. SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST LITERATURE

I. REACTIONARY SOCIALISM

(a) Feudal Socialism

(b) Petty Bourgeois Socialism

(c) German or "True" Socialism

2. CONSERVATIVE OR BOURGEOIS SOCIALISM

3. CRITICAL-UTOPIAN SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM

IV. POSITION OF THE COMMUNISTS IN RELATION. TO THE VARIOUS EXISTING OPPOSITION PARTIES

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A specter is haunting Europe – the specter of Communism. All the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this specter; Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot, French radicals and German police spies.

Where is the party in opposition that has not been decried as Communistic by its opponents in power? Where the opposition that has not hurled back the branding reproach of Communism, against the more advanced opposition parties, as well as against its reactionary adversaries?

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The feudal system of industry, under which industrial production was monopolized by close guilds, now no longer sufficed for the growing wants of the new markets. The manufacturing system took its place. The guild masters were pushed on one side by the manufacturing middle class; division of labor between the different corporate guilds vanished in the face of division of labor in each single workshop.

Meantime the markets kept ever growing, the demand ever rising. Even manufacture no longer sufficed. Thereupon steam and machinery revolutionized industrial production. The place of manufacture was taken by the giant, Modern Industry, the place of the industrial middle class, by industrial millionaires, the leaders of whole industrial armies, the modern bourgeois.

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