The Herodotus Encyclopedia

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Группа авторов. The Herodotus Encyclopedia

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

The Herodotus Encyclopedia

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PREFACE (USING THIS ENCYCLOPEDIA)

A Note on Orthography

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

SYNOPSIS OF ENTRIES

I. Text. 1.1 [TEXT AND TRANSMISSION]

1.2 [SCHOLARSHIP]

1.3 [RECEPTION]

II. Context. 2.1 [HISTORICAL BACKGROUND]

2.2 [INTELLECTUAL AND LITERARY BACKGROUND]

2.3 [SOCIETY]

2.4 GODS AND THE DIVINE

2.5 WARFARE

2.6 [VALUES]

III. Histories. 3.1 HERODOTUS OF HALICARNASSUS

3.2 HISTORICAL METHOD

3.3 [NARRATIVE ART]

3.4 SPEECHES

3.5 [THEMES]

3.6 ETHNOGRAPHY

3.7 GEOGRAPHY

3.8 [NATURAL WORLD]

3.9 LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

3.10 EMOTIONS

3.11 TIME

ABBREVIATIONS. 1) Modern works and collections of ancient material

1a) Persian material

2) Ancient authors

3) Journals

4) Miscellaneous

MAPS

A. ABAE ( Ἄβαι, αἱ)

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ABANTES ( Ἄβαντες, οἱ)

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ABARIS ( Ἄβαρις, ὁ)

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ABDERA ( Ἄβδηρα, τά)

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ABROCOMES (Ἀβροκόμης, ὁ)

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ABRONICHUS (Ἀβρώνιχος, ὁ)

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ABYDOS ( Ἄβυδος, ἡ)

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ACANTHUS ( Ἄκανθος, ὁ)

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ACARNANIA (Ἀκαρνανίη, ἡ)

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ACERATUS (Ἀκήρατος, ὁ)

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ACES RIVER (ὁ Ἄκης ποταμός)

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ACHAEANS (Ἀχαιοί, οἱ), Peloponnesian

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ACHAEANS OF PHTHIOTIS (Ἀχαιοί οἱ Φθιῶται)

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ACHAEMENES (Ἀχαιμένης, ὁ) son of Darius

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ACHAEMENIDS (Ἀχαιμενίδαι, οἱ)

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ACHAEUS (Ἀχαιός, ὁ)

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ACHELOUS RIVER (ὁ Ἀχελῷος ποταμός)

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ACHERON RIVER (ὁ Ἀχέρων ποταμός)

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ACHILLEIUM (Ἀχιλλήϊον πόλις)

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ACHILLES’ RACECOURSE (ὁ Ἀχιλλήϊος δρόμος)

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ACRAEPHIA (Ἀκραιϕίη πόλις)

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ΑCRISIUS (Ἀκρίσιος, ὁ)

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ACROPOLIS (ἀκρόπολις, ἡ)

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ACROTHOON (Ἀκρόθῳον, τό)

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ADEIMANTUS (Ἀδείμαντος, ὁ)

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ADICRAN (Ἀδικράν, ὁ)

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ADRAMYTTIUM (Ἀδραμύττειον πόλις)

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ADRASTUS ( Ἄδρηστος, ὁ) son of Gordias

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ADRASTUS ( Ἄδρηστος, ὁ) son of Talaus

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ADRIATIC SEA (ὁ Ἀδρίης κόλπος)

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ADVISERS

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ADYRMACHIDAE (Ἀδυρμαχίδαι, οἱ)

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AEA (Αἶα, ἡ)

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AEACES (Αἰάκης, ὁ) father of Polycrates

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AEACES (Αἰάκης, ὁ) son of Syloson

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AEACUS, AEACIDAE (Αἰακός, Αἰακίδαι)

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AEGAE (Αἰγαί, αἱ)

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AEGAEAE (Αἰγαῖαι, αἱ)

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AEGALEOS (Αἰγάλεως, ὁ)

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AEGE (Αἰγή, ἡ)

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AEGEAN SEA (τὸ Αἰγαῖον; ὁ Αἰγαῖος πόντος)

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AEGEIDAE (Αἰγεῖδαι, οἱ)

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AEGEIRA (Αἴγειρα, ἡ)

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AEGEUS (Αἰγεύς, ὁ) son of Pandion

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AEGIALEUS (Αἰγιαλεύς, ὁ)

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AEGILEA (Αἰγίλεα, τά)

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AEGINA (Αἴγινα, ἡ)

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AEGINA (Αἴγινα, ἡ) daughter of Asopus

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AEGIROESSA (Αἰγιρόεσσα, ἡ)

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AEGIUM (Αἴγιον, τὸ)

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AEGLEIA (Αἰγλείη, ἡ)

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AEGLIANS (Αἰγλοί, οἱ)

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AEGOSPOTAMI (Αἰγὸς ποταμοἱ, οἱ)

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AEIMNESTUS (Ἀείμνηστος, ὁ)

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AENEIA (Αἴνεια, ἡ)

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AENESIDEMUS (Αἰνησίδημος, ὁ)

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AENIANES (Αἰνιῆνες OR Ἐνιῆνες, οἱ)

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AENUS (Αἶνος)

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AENYRA (Αἴνυρα, τά)

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AEOLIANS (Αἰολέες, οἱ)

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AEOLIDAE (Αἰολίδαι?)

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AEOLUS (Αἴολος, ὁ)

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AËROPUS (Ἀέροπος, ὁ)

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AESANIAS (Αἰσανίας, ὁ)

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AESCHINES (Αἰσχίνης, ὁ)

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AESCHRAEUS (Αἰσχραῖος, ὁ)

AESCHRIONIAN TRIBE (ἡ Αἰσχριωνίη ϕυλή)

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AESCHYLUS (Αἰσχύλος, ὁ)

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AESOP (Αἴσωπος, ὁ)

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AETOLIA (ἡ Αἰτωλίς χώρη)

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AGAEUS (Ἀγαῖος, ὁ)

AGAMEMNON (Ἀγαμέμνων, ὁ)

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AGARISTE (I) (Ἀγαρίστη, ἡ) daughter of Cleisthenes

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AGARISTE (II) (Ἀγαρίστη, ἡ) daughter of Hippocrates (3)

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AGASICLES (Ἀγασικλέης, ὁ)

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AGATHOERGI (ἀγαθοεργοί, οἱ)

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AGATHYRSIANS (Ἀγάθυρσοι, οἱ)

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AGATHYRSUS (Ἀγάθυρσος, ὁ)

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AGBALUS ( Ἄγβαλος, ὁ)

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AGENOR (Ἀγήνωρ, ὁ)

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AGESILAUS (Ἡγησίλεως, ὁ)

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AGETUS ( Ἄγητος, ὁ)

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AGIS (Ἦγις, ὁ) son of Eurysthenes

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AGLAURUS ( Ἄγλαυρος, ἡ)

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AGORA (ἀγορή, ἡ)

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AGORA (Ἀγορή, ἡ) in the Chersonese

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AGRIANES (Ἀγριᾶνες, οἱ)

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AGRIANES RIVER (ὁ Ἀγριάνης ποταμός)

AGRICULTURE

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AGRIGENTUM ( Ἄκραγας)

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AGRON ( Ἄγρων, ὁ)

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AGYLLAEANS (Ἀγυλλαῖοι, οἱ)

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AJAX (Αἴας, ὁ)

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ALABANDA IN CARIA (Ἀλαβάνδα τὰ ἐν Καρίῃ)

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ALABANDA IN PHRYGIA (τῆς Φρυγίης Ἀλαβάνδα)

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ALALIA (Ἀλαλίη, ἡ)

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ALARODIANS (Ἀλαρόδιοι, οἱ)

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ALAZIR (Ἀλάζειρ, ὁ)

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ALCAEUS (Ἀλκαῖος, ὁ)

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ALCAEUS ( Ἄλκαιος, ὁ) son of Heracles

ALCAMENES (Ἁλκαμένης, ὁ)

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ALCEIDES (Ἀλκείδης, ὁ)

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ALCENOR AND CHROMIUS (Ἀλκήνωρ, Χρομίος)

ALCETAS (Ἀλκέτης, ὁ)

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ALCIBIADES (Ἀλκιβιάδης, ὁ)

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ALCIMACHUS (Ἀλκίμαχος, ὁ)

ALCMAEON (Ἀλκμέων, ὁ)

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ALCMAEONIDAE (Ἀλκμεωνίδαι, οἱ)

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ALCMAEONIDES (Ἀλκμεωνίδης, ὁ)

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ALCMENE (Ἀλκμήνη, ἡ)

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ALCON ( Ἄλκων, ὁ)

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ALEIAN PLAIN (τὸ Ἀλήιον πεδίον)

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ALEUADAE (Ἀλευάδαι, οἱ)

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ALEXANDER I (Ἀλέξανδρος, ὁ) son of Amyntas

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ALEXANDER (’Αλέξανδρος, ὁ) son of Priam (Paris)

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ALILAT (Ἀλιλάτ, ἡ; Arab. ‘al‐Lāt)

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ALIZONES (Ἀλιζῶνες, οἱ)

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ALLIES

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ALOPECE (Ἀλωπεκή, ἡ)

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ALPENUS (Ἀλπηνός) or ALPENOI (Ἀλπηνοί)

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ALPHEOS (Ἀλϕεός, ὁ) and MARON (Μάρων, ὁ)

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ALPIS RIVER (ὁ Ἄλπις ποταμός)

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ALTARS (βωμοί, οἱ)

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ALYATTES (Ἀλυάττης, ὁ)

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AMASIS ( Ἄμασις, ὁ) king of Egypt

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AMASIS ( Ἄμασις, ὁ), Persian general

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AMATHUS (Ἀμαθοῦς, ὁ)

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AMAZONS (Ἀμαζόνες/Ἀμαζονίδες, αἱ)

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AMBRACIA (Ἀμβρακία/Ἀμπρακία, ἡ)

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AMEINIAS (Ἀμεινίης, ὁ)

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AMEINOCLES (Ἀμεινοκλῆς, ὁ)

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AMESTRIS ( Ἄμηστρις, ἡ)

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AMIANTUS (Ἀμίαντος, ὁ)

AMMON ( Ἄμμων, ὁ)

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AMOMPHARETUS (Ἀμομϕάρετος, ὁ)

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AMORGES (Ἀμόργης, ὁ)

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AMPE ( Ἄμπη, ἡ)

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AMPELUS (ἡ Ἄμπελος ἄκρη)

AMPHIARAUS (Ἀμϕιάρεως, ὁ)

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AMPHICAEA (Ἀμϕίκαια, ἡ)

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AMPHICRATES (Ἀμϕικράτης, ὁ)

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AMPHICTYON (Ἀμϕικτύων, ὁ)

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AMPHICTYONES (Ἀμϕικτύονες, οἱ)

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AMPHILOCHUS (Ἀμϕίλοχος, ὁ)

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AMPHILYTUS (Ἀμϕίλυτος, ὁ)

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AMPHIMNESTUS (Ἀμϕίμνηστος, ὁ)

AMPHION (Ἀμϕίων, ὁ)

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AMPHISSA ( Ἄμϕισσα, ἡ)

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AMPHITRYON (Ἀμϕιτρύων, ὁ)

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AMUN (Ἀμοῦν, ὁ)

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AMYNTAS I (Ἀμύντης, ὁ) son of Alcetas

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AMYNTAS (Ἀμύντης, ὁ) son of Bubares

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AMYRGIANS (Ἀμύργιοι, οἱ)

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AMYRIS ( Ἄμυρις, ὁ)

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AMYRTAEUS (Ἀμυρταῖος, ὁ)

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AMYTHAON (Ἀμυθέων, ὁ)

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ANACHARSIS (Ἀνάχαρσις, ὁ)

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ANACREON (Ἀνακρέων, ὁ)

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ANACTORIUM (Ἀνακτόριον, τό)

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ANAGYROUS (Ἀναγυροῦς)

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ANALOGY

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ANAPHES (Ἀνάϕης, ὁ)

ANAPHLYSTUS (Ἀνάϕλυστος)

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ANAUA ( Ἄναυα, τά)

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ANAXANDER (Ἀνάξανδρος, ὁ)

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ANAXANDRIDES II (Ἀναξ‐ανδρίδης, ὁ) son of Leon

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ANAXANDRIDES (Ἀναξαν‐δρίδης, ὁ) son of Theopompus

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ANAXILAUS (Ἀναξίλεως, ὁ) son of Archidamus

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ANAXILAUS (Ἀναξίλεως, ὁ) son of Cretines

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ANCHIMOLUS (Ἀγχίμολος, ὁ)

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ANDREAS (Ἀνδρέης, ὁ)

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ANDROBULUS (Ἀνδρόβουλος, ὁ)

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ANDROCRATES (Ἀνδροκράτης, ὁ)

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ANDRODAMAS (Ἀνδροδάμας, ὁ)

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ANDROMEDA (Ἀνδρομέδη, ἡ)

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ANDROPHAGI (’Ανδροϕάγοι, οἱ)

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ANDROS ( Ἄνδρος, ἡ)

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ANERISTUS (Ἀνήριστος, ὁ) father of Sperthias

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ANERISTUS (Ἀνήριστος, ὁ) son of Sperthias

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ANGER

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ANGITES RIVER (ὁ Ἀγγίτης ποταμός)

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ANGRUS RIVER (ὁ Ἄγγρος ποταμός)

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ANOPAEA (Ἀνόπαια, ἡ)

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ANTAGORAS (Ἀνταγόρης, ὁ)

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ANTANDRUS ( Ἄντανδρος, ὁ)

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ANTHELA (Ἀνθήλη, ἡ)

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ANTHEMUS (Ἀνθεμοῦς, ὁ)

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ANTHROPOLOGY

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ANTHROPOPHAGY

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ANTHYLLA ( Ἄνθυλλα)

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ANTICHARES (Ἀντιχάρης, ὁ)

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ANTICYRA (Ἀντικύρη, ἡ)

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ANTIDORUS (Ἀντίδωρος, ὁ)

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ANTIOCHUS (Ἀντίοχος, ὁ)

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ANTIPATER (Ἀντίπατρος, ὁ)

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ANTIPHEMUS (Ἀντίϕημος, ὁ)

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ANTS, GIANT

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ANYSIS ( Ἄνυσις)

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ANYSUS ( Ἄνυσος, ὁ)

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ANYTIS (ὁ Ἀνύτιος νομός)

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APARYTAE (Ἀπαρύται, οἱ)

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APATURIA (Ἀπατούρια, τά)

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APHETAE (’Αϕέται, αἱ)

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APHIDNA ( Ἄϕιδναι, αἱ)

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APHRODISIAS ISLAND (ἡ Ἀϕροδισιὰς νῆσος)

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APHRODITE (Ἀϕροδίτη, ἡ)

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APHTHIS (ὁ Ἀϕθίτης νομός)

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APHYTIS ( Ἄϕυτις, ἡ)

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API (Ἀπί, ἡ)

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APIDANUS RIVER (ὁ Ἀπιδανός/ Ἠπιδανός ποταμός)

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APIS (Ἆπις, ἡ), city

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APIS (Ἆπις, ὁ; Eg. Ḥpw), god

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APOLLO (Ἀπόλλων, ὁ)

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APOLLONIA on the Black Sea (ἡ Ἀπολλωνίη ἐν τῷ Εὐξείνῳ πόντῳ)

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APOLLONIA ON THE IONIAN GULF (Ἀπολλωνίη ἡ ἐν τῷ Ἰωνίῳ κόλπῳ)

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APOLLOPHANES (Ἀπολλοϕάνης, ὁ)

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APPARITIONS

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APRIES (Gk. Ἀπρίης, ὁ; Eg. W͗˒ḥ‐ib‐r˓)

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APSINTHIANS (Ἀψίνθιοι, οἱ)

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ARABIAN GULF, see ERYTHRAEAN SEA. ARABIANS (Ἀράβιοι, οἱ)

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ARADUS ( Ἄραδος, ἡ; Ἀράδιοι, οἱ)

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ARARUS RIVER (ὁ Ἄραρος ποταμός)

ARAXES RIVER (ὁ Ἀράξης ποταμός)

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ARCADIAN PELASGIANS, see PELASGIANS. ARCADIANS (Ἀρκάδες, οἱ)

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ARCESILAUS I (Ἀρκεσίλεως, ὁ)

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ARCESILAUS II (Ἀρκεσίλεως, ὁ)

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ARCESILAUS III (Ἀρκεσίλεως, ὁ)

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ARCHAEOLOGY

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ARCHAIC AGE

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ARCHANDER ( Ἄρχανδρος, ὁ)

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ARCHANDROPOLIS (ἡ Ἀρχάνδρου πόλις)

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ARCHĒ (ἀρχή, ἡ)

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ARCHELAOI, see DYMANATAE. ARCHELAUS (Ἀρχέλεως, ὁ)

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ARCHERY

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ARCHESTRATIDES (Ἀρχεστρατίδης, ὁ)

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ARCHIAS (Ἀρχίης, ὁ)

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ARCHIDAMUS (Ἀρχίδημος, ὁ) son of Anaxandrides

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ARCHIDAMUS (Ἀρχίδημος, ὁ) son of Zeuxidamus

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ARCHIDICE (Ἀρχιδίκη, ἡ)

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ARCHILOCHUS (Ἀρχίλοχος, ὁ)

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ARCHITECTURE (TEMPLES)

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ARDERICCA (Ἀρδέρικκα)

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ARDYS ( Ἄρδυς, ὁ)

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AREIANS ( Ἄρειοι, οἱ)

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AREOPAGUS (Ἀρήιος πάγος)

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ARES ( Ἄρης, ὁ)

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ARETĒ (ἀρετή, ἡ)

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ARGADES, see ION. ARGAEUS (Ἀργαῖος, ὁ)

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ARGANTHONIUS (Ἀργανθώνιος, ὁ)

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ARGE ( Ἄργη, ἡ) and OPIS ( Ὦπις, ἡ)

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ARGEIA (Ἀργείη, ἡ)

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ARGILUS (ἡ Ἄργιλος πόλις)

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ARGIMPASA (Ἀργίμπασα, ἡ)

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ARGIOPIUM (Ἀργιόπιος χῶρος)

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ARGIPPAEANS (Ἀργιππαῖοι, οἱ)

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ARGO (Ἀργώ, ἡ)

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ARGOS ( Ἄργος, τό)

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ARIABIGNES (Ἀριαβίγνης, ὁ)

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ARIANS ( Ἄριοι, οἱ)

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ARIANTAS (Ἀριάντας, ὁ)

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ARIAPEITHES (Ἀριαπείθης, ὁ)

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ARIARAMNES (Ἀριαράμνης, ὁ; OP Ariyāramna‐) son of Teispes

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ARIARAMNES (Ἀριαράμνης, ὁ; OP Ariyāramna‐) the Persian

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ARIAZUS (Ἀριάζος, ὁ)

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ARIDOLIS (Ἀρίδωλις, ὁ)

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ARIMASPIANS (Ἀριμασποί, οἱ)

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ARIMNESTUS (Ἀρίμνηστος, ὁ)

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ARIOMARDUS (Ἀριόμαρδος, ὁ)

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ARION (Ἀρίων, ὁ)

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ARIPHRON (Ἀρίϕρων, ὁ)

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ARISBA (Ἀρίσβα, ἡ)

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ARISTAGORAS (1) (Ἀρισταγόρης, ὁ), son of Molpagoras

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ARISTAGORAS (2) (Ἀρισταγόρης, ὁ) of Cyme

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ARISTAGORAS (3) (Ἀρισταγόρης, ὁ) of Cyzicus

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ARISTAGORAS (4) (Ἀρισταγόρης, ὁ), father of Hegesistratus

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ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOTHRACE

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ARISTEAS OF PROCONNESUS (ὁ Ἀριστέης Προκοννήσιος)

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ARISTEAS (Ἀριστέας, ὁ) son of Adeimantus

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ARISTEIDES (Ἀριστείδης, ὁ)

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ARISTOCRACY

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ARISTOCRATES (Ἀριστοκράτης, ὁ)

ARISTOCYPRUS (Ἀριστόκυπρος, ὁ)

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ARISTODEMUS (Ἀριστόδημος, ὁ) son of Aristomachus

REFERENCES

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ARISTODEMUS (Ἀριστόδημος, ὁ)the Spartan

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ARISTODICUS (Ἀριστόδικος, ὁ)

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ARISTOGEITON, see HARMODIUS AND ARISTOGEITON. ARISTOLAÏDES (Ἀριστολαΐδης, ὁ)

ARISTOMACHUS (Ἀριστόμαχος, ὁ)

ARISTON (Ἀρίστων, ὁ) king of Sparta

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ARISTON (Ἀρίστων, ὁ) of Byzantium

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ARISTONICE (Ἀριστονίκη, ἡ)

ARISTONYMUS (Ἀριστώνυμος, ὁ)

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ARISTOPHANES (Ἀριστοϕάνης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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ARISTOPHANTUS (Ἀριστόϕαντος, ὁ)

ARISTOPHILIDES (Ἀριστοϕιλίδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

ARISTOTLE

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ARIZANTIANS (Ἀριζαντοί, οἱ)

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ARMENIANS (Ἀρμένιοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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ARMIES

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ARPOXAÏS (Ἀρπόξαϊς, ὁ)

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ARSAMENES (Ἀρσαμένης, ὁ)

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ARSAMES (Ἀρσάμης, ὁ; OP Aršāma) son of Ariaramnes

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ARSAMES (Ἀρσάμης, ὁ) son of Darius

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ART

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ARTABANUS (Ἀρτάβανος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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ARTABATES (Ἀρταβάτης, ὁ)

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ARTABAZUS (Ἀρτάβαζος, ὁ) father of Tritantaechmes

ARTABAZUS (Ἀρτάβαζος, ὁ) son of Pharnaces

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ARTACE (Ἀρτάκη, ἡ)

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ARTACHAEES (Ἀρταχαίης, ὁ)

ARTAEANS (Ἀρταῖοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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ARTAEUS (Ἀρταῖος, ὁ)

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ARTANES RIVER (ὁ Ἀρτάνης ποταμός)

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ARTANES (Ἀρτάνης, ὁ) son of Hystaspes

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ARTAPHERNES (Ἀρταϕέρνης or –ϕρένης, ὁ) son of Artaphernes

ARTAPHERNES (Ἀρταϕέρνης or –ϕρένης, ὁ; OP *Artafarnah‐), son of Hystaspes

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ARTAXERXES (Ἀρτοξέρξης, ὁ, OP Arta‐xšaça)

REFERENCES

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ARTAŸCTES (Ἀρταΰκτης, ὁ)

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ARTAŸNTE (Ἀρταΰντη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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ARTAŸNTES (Ἀρταΰντης, ὁ) son of Artachaees

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ARTAŸNTES (Ἀρταΰντης, ὁ) son of Ithamitres

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ARTEMBARES (Ἀρτεμβάρης, ὁ) the Mede

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ARTEMBARES (Ἀρτεμβάρης, ὁ) the Persian

REFERENCE

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ARTEMIS ( Ἄρτεμις, ἡ)

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ARTEMISIA (Ἀρτεμισίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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ARTEMISIUM (Ἀρτεμίσιον, τό)

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ARTESCUS RIVER (ὁ Ἀρτησκὸς ποταμός)

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ARTOBAZANES (Ἀρτοβαζάνης, ὁ)

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ARTOCHMES (Ἀρτόχμης, ὁ)

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ARTONTES (Ἀρτόντης, ὁ) father of Bagaeus

ARTONTES (Ἀρτόντης, ὁ) son of Mardonius

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ARTOZOSTRA (Ἀρτοζώστρη, ἡ)

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ARTYBIUS (Ἀρτύβιος, ὁ)

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ARTYPHIUS (Ἀρτύϕιος, ὁ)

ARTYSTONE (Ἀρτυστώνη, ἡ)

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ARYANDES (Ἀρυάνδης, ὁ)

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ARYENIS (Ἀρύηνις, ἡ)

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ASBYSTAE (Ἀσβύσται, οἱ)

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ASCALON (ἡ Ἀσκάλων πόλις)

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ASHERI, DAVID

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ASIA (Ἀσίη, ἡ)

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ASIA (Ἀσίη, ἡ) wife of Prometheus

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ASIES (Ἀσίης, ὁ)

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ASINE (Ἀσίνη, ἡ)

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ASMACH (Ἀσμάχ)

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ASONIDES (Ἀσωνίδης, ό)

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ASOPODORUS (Ἀσωπόδορος, ὁ)

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ASOPUS RIVER (ὁ Ἀσωπὸς ποταμός), Boeotia

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ASOPUS RIVER (ὁ Ἀσωπὸς ποταμός), Trachis

ASPATHINES (Ἀσπαθίνης, ὁ; OP Aspačanā)

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ASSA ( Ἄσσα)

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ASSEMBLY

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ASSESUS (Ἀσσησός, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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ASSYRIANS

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ASTACUS (Ἀστακός, ὁ)

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ASTER (Ἀστήρ, ὁ)

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ASTONIDES, see ASONIDES

ASTRABACUS (Ἀστράβακος, ὁ)

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ASTRONOMY, see CALENDARS; ECLIPSE; SCIENCE. ASTYAGES (Ἀστυάγης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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ASYCHIS ( Ἄσυχις, ὁ)

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ATARANTES (Ἀτάραντες, οἱ)

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ATARBECHIS (Ἀτάρβηχις)

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ATARNEUS (Ἀταρνεύς)

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ATHAMAS (Ἀθάμας, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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ATHENA (Ἀθηναίη, ἡ)

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ATHENADES (Ἀθηνάδης, ὁ)

ATHENAGORAS (Ἀθηναγόρης, ὁ)

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ATHENIAN EMPIRE

REFERENCES

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ATHENS (Ἀθῆναι, αἱ)

GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY

BRONZE AGE

DARK AGE

ARCHAIC AGE

TYRANNY

REFORMS OF CLEISTHENES

PERSIAN WARS

DELIAN LEAGUE/ATHENIAN EMPIRE

THE FIRST PELOPONNESIAN WAR (460–445)

THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

REFERENCES

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ATHENS AND HERODOTUS

REFERENCES

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ATHLETES AND ATHLETIC GAMES

REFERENCES

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ATHOS ( Ἄθως, ὁ)

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ATHRIBIS (ὁ Ἀθριβίτης νομός)

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ATHRYS RIVER (ὁ Ἄθρυς ποταμός)

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ATLANTES ( Ἄτλαντες, οἱ)

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ATLANTIC OCEAN (ἡ Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα)

REFERENCES

ATLAS MOUNTAIN, see ATLANTES. ATLAS RIVER (ὁ Ἄτλας ποταμός)

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ATOSSA ( Ἄτοσσα, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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ATREIDAE (Ἀτρεῖδαι, οἱ)

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ATTAGINUS (Ἀτταγῖνος, ὁ)

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ATTICA, see ATHENS. ATYS ( Ἄτυς, ὁ) father of Pythius

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ATYS ( Ἄτυς, ὁ) son of Croesus

REFERENCES

ATYS ( Ἄτυς, ὁ) son of Manes

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AUCHATAE (Ἀυχάται, οἱ)

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AUDIENCE

REFERENCES

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AUGILA (Αὔγιλα, τά)

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AURAS RIVER (ὁ Αὔρας ποταμός)

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AUSCHISAE (Αὐσχίσαι, οἱ)

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AUSEANS (Αὐσέες, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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AUTESION (Αὐτεσίων, ὁ)

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AUTHORITY, NARRATIVE

REFERENCES

AUTOCHTHONY

REFERENCES

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AUTODICUS (Αὐτόδικος, ὁ)

AUTONOÜS, see PHYLACUS (2) AUTOPSY

REFERENCES

AUXESIA, see DAMIA AND AUXESIA. AXIUS RIVER (ὁ Ἄξιος ποταμός)

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AXUS, see OAXUS. AZANES (Ἀζάνης, ὁ)

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AZANIA (Ἁζανία, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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AZIRIS ( Ἄζιρις, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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AZOTUS ( Ἄζωτος, ἡ)

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B. BABYLON (Βαβυλών, ἡ)

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BACALES (Βάκαλες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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BACCHIADAE (Βακχιάδαι, οἱ)

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BACCHUS, see DIONYSUS. BACIS (Βάκις, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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BACTRIANS (Βάκτριοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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BADRES (Βάδρης, ὁ) of Pasargadae

REFERENCE

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BADRES (Βάδρης, ὁ) son of Hystanes

BAGAEUS (Βαγαῖος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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BAGASACES, see BASSACES. BARBARIANS (βάρβαροι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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BARCA (Βάρκη, ἡ)

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BARDES/BARDIYA, see SMERDIS

BASILEIDES (Βασιληίδης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

BASSACES (Βασσάκης, ὁ)

BATTUS I (Βάττος, ὁ)

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BATTUS II (Βάττος, ὁ)

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BATTUS III (Βάττος, ὁ)

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BELBINA (Βέλβινα, ἡ)

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BELUS (Βῆλος, ὁ)

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BERMIUM (Mount) (Βέρμιον ὄρος)

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BESSANS (Βησσοί, οἱ)

REFERENCES

BETRAYAL, see TREACHERY. BIAS (Βίας, ὁ) brother of Melampus

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BIAS (Βίας, ὁ) of Priene

REFERENCE

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BIRDS

REFERENCES

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BISALTES (Βισάλτης, ὁ)

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BISALTIA (Βισαλτίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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BISANTHE (Βισάνθη, ἡ)

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BISITUN

REFERENCES

BISTONES (Βίστονες, οἱ)

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BISTONIS, LAKE (ἡ Βιστονίς λίμνη)

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BITHYNIAN THRACIANS (Θρήικες οἱ βιθυνοί)

REFERENCE

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BITON, see CLEOBIS AND BITON. BITUMEN (ἄσϕαλτος, ἡ)

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BLACK ATHENA

REFERENCES (LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY)

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BLACK CLOAKS, see MELANCHLAENI. BLACK GULF AND RIVER (ὁ Μέλας κόλπος, ποταμός)

BLACK RIVER (ὁ Μέλας ποταμός)

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BLACK SEA, see EUXINE SEA. BLAME

REFERENCES

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BODILY ADORNMENT

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BODY, see BODILY ADORNMENT; DRESS; HAIR; MUTILATION; NAKEDNESS; PUNISHMENT. BOEBEIS, LAKE (ἡ Βοιβηὶς λίμνη)

BOEOTIANS (Βοιωτοί, οἱ)

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BOGES (Βόγης, ὁ)

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BOLBINITIC, see SEBENNYTUS. BOOK DIVISIONS

REFERENCES

BORDERS, see BOUNDARIES. BOREAS (Βορέης, ὁ)

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BORYSTHENES (Βορυσθένης)

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BOSPORUS, CIMMERIAN (ὁ Κιμμέριος Βόσπορος)

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BOSPORUS, THRACIAN (Βόσπορος ὁ Θρηίκιος)

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BOTTIAEANS (Βοττιαῖοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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BOUNDARIES

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BRANCHIDAE (Βραγχίδαι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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BRAURON (Βραυρών, ἡ)

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BRIANTICE (ἡ Βριαντικὴ χώρη)

BRIBERY

REFERENCES

BRIDGES

REFERENCES

BRIGES, see BRYGI; PHYRGIA. BRONGUS RIVER (ὁ Βρόγγος ποταμός)

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BRONZE (χαλκός)

REFERENCE

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BRUNDISIUM (Βρεντέσιον, τό)

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BRYGI (Βρύγοι, οἱ)

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BUBARES (Βουβάρης, ὁ)

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BUBASTIS (Βούβαστις)

REFERENCES

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BUCOLIC, see SEBENNYTUS. BUDIANS (Βούδιοι, οἱ)

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BUDINI (Βουδῖνοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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BULIS, see SPERTHIAS AND BULIS. BURA (Βοῦρα, ἡ)

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BURIAL CUSTOMS

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BUSAE (Βοῦσαι, αἱ)

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BUSIRIS (Βούσιρις)

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BUTACIDES (Βουτακίδης, ὁ)

BUTO (Βουτώ)

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BYBASSIAN PENINSULA (ἡ Βυβασσίη Χερσόνησος)

REFERENCES

BYZANTIUM (Βυζάντιον, τό)

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C. CABALES (Καβᾱλεῖς or Καβηλέες, οἱ)

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CABEIRI (Κάβειροι, οἱ)

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CADMEIANS (Καδμεῖοι, οἱ)

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CADMUS (Κάδμος, ὁ) and SCYTHES (∑κύθης, ὁ) of Cos

REFERENCES

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CADMUS (Κάδμος, ὁ) son of Agenor

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CAÏCUS RIVER (ὁ Κάϊκος ποταμός)

CALAMI (Κάλαμοι, οἱ)

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CALASIRIES (Καλασίριες, οἱ)

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CALCHAS (Κάλχας, ὁ)

REFERENCES

CALCHEDON (Καλχηδονίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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CALEACTE (ἡ καλὴ ἀκτή)

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CALENDARS

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CALLANTIAN INDIANS (Καλλαντίαι Ἰνδοί, οἱ)

REFERENCE

CALLATEBUS (Καλλάτηβος πόλις)

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CALLATIAE (Καλλατίαι, οἱ)

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CALLIADES (Kαλλιάδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

CALLIAS (1) SON OF PHAENIPPUS (Καλλίας ὁ Φαινίππου)

REFERENCES

CALLIAS (2) SON OF HIPPONICUS (Καλλίας ὁ ‘Ιππονίκου)

REFERENCES

CALLIAS (Καλλίης, ὁ) OF ELIS

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CALLICRATES (Καλλικράτης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

CALLIMACHUS (Καλλίμαχος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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CALLIPHON (Καλλιϕῶν, ὁ)

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CALLIPIDAE (Καλλιπίδαι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

CALLIPOLIS (Καλλίπολις, ἡ)

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CALYDNA (Κάλυδνα, ἡ)

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CALYNDIANS (Καλυνδέες, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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CAMARINA (Καμάρινα, ἡ)

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CAMBYSES (I) (Καμβύσης, ὁ) son of Teispes

REFERENCES

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CAMBYSES (II) (Καμβύσης, ὁ; OP Kambujiya; Eg. kmbiṭ(t)) son of Cyrus

REFERENCES

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CAMELS (κάμηλος, ἡ)

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CAMICUS (ἡ Καμικὸς πόλις)

REFERENCE

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CAMIRUS (Κάμιρος, ἡ)

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CAMPSA (Κάμψα, ἡ)

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CANALS

REFERENCES

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CANASTRAEUM (Καναστραῖον)

CANDAULES (Κανδαύλης, ὁ) father of Damasithymus

CANDAULES (Κανδαύλης, ὁ) king of the Lydians

REFERENCE

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CANE (Mount) (Κάνης ὄρος)

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CANOBUS (Κάνωβος)

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CAPHEREUS (Καϕηρεύς, ὁ)

CAPPADOCIA (Καππαδοκίη, ἡ; OP Katpatuka)

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CAR (Κάρ, ὁ)

REFERENCE

CARCINITIS (Καρκινῖτις πόλις)

REFERENCE

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CARDAMYLE (Καρδαμύλη, ἡ)

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CARDIA (ἡ Καρδίη πόλις)

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CARENE (Καρήνη πόλις)

REFERENCE

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CARENUS (Κάρηνος, ὁ)

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CARIA (Καρίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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CARNEIA (Κάρνεια, τά)

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CARPATHOS (Κάρπαθος, ὁ)

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CARPIS RIVER (ὁ Κάρπις ποταμός)

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CARTHAGE (Καρχηδών, ἡ)

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CARYANDA (Καρύανδα, τά)

REFERENCES

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CARYSTUS (Κάρυστος, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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CASAMBUS(Κάσαμβος, ὁ)

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CASIUM (Mount) (τὸ Κάσιον ὄρος)

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CASMENAE (ἡ Κασμένη πόλις)

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CASPATYRUS (Κασπάτυρος πόλις)

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CASPIAN SEA (ἡ Κασπίη θάλασσα)

REFERENCE

CASPIANS (Κάσπιοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

CASSANDANE (Κασσανδάνη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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CASSITERIDES (αἱ Κασσιτερίδες νῆσοι)

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CASTALIAN SPRING (Κασταλίη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

CASTHANAEA (Κασθαναίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

CATALOGUES

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CATARACTS (Κατάδουποι, οἱ)

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CATIARI (Κατίαροι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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CATTLE

REFERENCE

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CAUCASA (Καύκασα, τά)

REFERENCES

CAUCASUS (ὁ Καύκασος; τὸ Καυκάσιον ὄρος)

REFERENCE

CAUCONES (Καύκωνες, οἱ)

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CAUNUS (Καῦνος, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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CAUSATION

HUMAN MOTIVES AND NATURAL CAUSES

METAPHYSICAL CAUSES

REFERENCES

CAVALRY

REFERENCES

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CAŸSTROBIUS (Καϋστρόβιος, ὁ)

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CAŸSTRUS (Caÿster) RIVER (ὁ Καΰστριος ποταμός)

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CECROPS (Κέκροψ, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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CELAENAE (Κελαιναί, αἱ)

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CELEAS (Κελέης, ὁ)

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CELTS (Κελτοί, οἱ)

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CEOS (Κέως, ἡ) (island)

REFERENCE

CEOS (Κέος, ἡ) (Salamis)

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CEPHALLENIA (Κεϕαλληνίη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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CEPHEUS (Κηϕεύς, ὁ)

CEPHISUS (Κηϕισός, ὁ)

REFERENCE

CERAMEICUS GULF (ὁ Κεραμεικὸς κόλπος)

CERCASORUS (ἡ Κερκάσωρος πόλις)

REFERENCE

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CHALCIDIANS (Χαλκιδέες, οἱ) in Thrace

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CHALCIS (Χαλκίς, ἡ)

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CHALDEANS (Χαλδαῖοι, οἱ)

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CHALESTRA (Χαλέστρη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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CHALYBES (Χάλυβες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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CHANGE

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CHARACTERIZATION

REFERENCES

CHARADRA (Χαράδρα, ἡ)

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CHARAXUS (Χάραξος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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CHARILAUS (Χαρίλεως, ὁ) son of Eunomus

CHARILAUS (Χαρίλεως, ὁ) son of Maeandrius

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CHARIOTS

REFERENCES

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CHARITES (Χάριτες, αἱ)

REFERENCE

CHAROPINUS (Χαροπῖνος, ὁ)

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CHEMMIS (Χέμμις)

REFERENCES

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CHEOPS (Χέοψ, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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CHEPHREN (Χεϕρήν, ὁ)

REFERENCES

CHERASMIS (Χέρασμις, ὁ)

CHERSIS (Χέρσις, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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CHERSONESE (HELLESPONTINE) (Χερσόνησος ἡ ἐν Ἑλλησπόντῳ)

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CHILDREN

REFERENCES

CHILEOS (Χίλεος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

CHILON (Χίλων, ὁ) (Spartan sage)

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CHILON (Χίλων, ὁ) son of Demarmenus

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CHIOS (Χίος, ἡ)

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CHOASPES RIVER (ὁ Χοάσπης ποταμός)

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CHOEREAE (Χοιρέαι, αἱ)

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CHOERUS (Χοῖρος, ὁ)

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CHORASMIANS (Χοράσμιοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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CHRONOLOGY

REFERENCES

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CHYTROI (Χύτροι, οἱ)

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CICONES (Κίκονες, οἱ)

CILICIA (Κιλικίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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CILIX (Κίλιξ, ὁ)

CILLA (Κίλλα, ἡ)

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CIMMERIANS (Κιμμέριοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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CIMON (Κίμων, ὁ) the Elder

REFERENCES

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CIMON (Κίμων, ὁ) the Younger

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CINDYE (Κινδύη, ἡ)

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CINEAS (Κινέης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

CINEMA

REFERENCES

CINYPS (Κῖνυψ)

REFERENCE

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CIRCUMCISION

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CISSIANS (Κίσσιοι, οἱ)

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CITHAERON (Κιθαιρών, ὁ)

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CITIES

REFERENCES

CIUS in Mysia (Κίος ἡ Μυσίη)

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CLAZOMENAE (Κλαζομεναί, αἱ)

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CLEADES (Κλεάδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

CLEANDER (Κλέανδρος, ὁ)

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CLEIDES (Κληίδες τῆς Κύπρου, αἱ)

CLEINIAS (Κλεινίας, ὁ)

REFERENCES

CLEISTHENES (Κλεισθένης, ὁ) of Sicyon

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CLEISTHENES (Κλεισθένης, ὁ) son of Megacles (II)

REFERENCE

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CLEOBIS AND BITON (Κλέοβις, Βίτων)

REFERENCES

CLEODAEUS (Κλεοδαῖος, ὁ)

CLEOMBROTUS (Κλεόμβροτος, ὁ)

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CLEOMENES (Κλεομένης, ὁ)

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CLEONAE (Κλεωναί, αἱ)

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CLERUCHY

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CLIMATE

IMPACTS ON PLANTS AND ANIMALS

IMPACTS ON HUMAN PHYSICAL FORM AND GROUP CHARACTER

IMPACT ON HUMAN CUSTOMS

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CLYTIADAE (Κλυτιάδαι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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CNIDUS (Κνίδος, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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CNOETHUS (Κνοῖθος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

COBON (Κόβων, ὁ)

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CODRUS (Κόδρος, ὁ)

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COENYRA (Κοίνυρα, τά)

REFERENCES

COES (Κώης, ὁ)

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COLAEUS (Κωλαῖος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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COLAXAÏS (Κολάξαϊς, ὁ)

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COLCHIANS (Κόλχοι, οἱ)

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COLIAS (Κωλιάς)

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COLONIZATION

REFERENCES

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COLOPHON (Κολοϕών, ἡ)

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COLOSSAE (Κολοσσαί, αἱ)

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COMBREIA (Κώμβρεια, ἡ)

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COMPETITION

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COMPSATUS RIVER (ὁ Κόμψατος ποταμός)

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CONCUBINES (παλλακαί, αἱ)

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CONDAEA

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CONQUEST

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CONSTITUTIONAL DEBATE

REFERENCES

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CONTADESDUS RIVER (ὁ Κοντάδεσδος ποταμός)

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COPAIS (LAKE) (ἡ Κωπαῒς λίμνη)

REFERENCES

CORCYRA (Κέρκυρα, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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CORESUS (Κορησός, ἡ)

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CORINTH (Κόρινθος, ἡ)

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COROBIUS (Κορώβιος, ὁ)

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CORONEIA (Κορώνεια, ἡ)

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CORYCIAN CAVE (Κωρύκιον ἄντρον)

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CORYDALLUS (Κορυδαλλός, ὁ)

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CORYS RIVER (ὁ Κόρυς ποταμός)

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COS (Κῶς, ἡ)

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COSSICA(S) (Κοσσίκα(ς), ὁ)

REFERENCE

COTYS (Κότυς, ὁ)

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COUNTERFACTUAL HISTORY

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COURAGE

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CRANAOI (Κραναοί, οἱ)

REFERENCE

CRANASPES (Κρανάσπης, ὁ)

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CRANNON (Κράννων, ἡ)

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CRATHIS (Κρᾶθις, ὁ)

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CREMNI (Κρημνοί, οἱ)

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CRESTON (Κρηστών)

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CRETE (Κρήτη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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CRETINES (Κρητίνης, ὁ)

CRINIPPUS (Κρίνιππος, ὁ)

CRISAEAN PLAIN (τὸ Κρισαῖον πεδίον)

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CRITALLA (Κρίταλλα, τά)

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CRITOBULUS (Κριτόβουλος, ὁ) of Cyrene

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CRITOBULUS (Κριτόβουλος, ὁ) of Torone

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CRIUS (Κριός, ὁ)

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CROBYZIANS (Κρόβυζοι, οἱ)

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CROCODILES

REFERENCES

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CROCODILOPOLIS (ἡ Κροκοδείλων πόλις)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

CROESUS (Κροῖσος, ὁ)

THE HISTORICAL CROESUS OF LYDIA

HISTORIOGRAPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE

BASIC NARRATIVE HABITS

REFERENCE

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CROSS‐REFERENCES

REFERENCES

CROSSAEA (Κροσσαίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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CROTON (Κρότων, ἡ)

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CTESIAS

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CUPHAGORAS (Κουϕαγόρης, ὁ)

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CURIUM (Κούριον, τό)

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CURSES

REFERENCES

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CUSTOM(S), see ETHNOGRAPHY; NOMOS. CYANEAE (Κυάνεαι, αἱ)

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CYAXARES (Κυαξάρης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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CYBELE

REFERENCE

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CYBERNIS (Κύβερνις, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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CYCLADES (αἱ Κυκλάδες νῆσοι)

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CYDIPPE (Κυδίππη, ἡ) daughter of Terillus

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CYDIPPE (Κυδίππη, ἡ) of Argos

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CYDONIA (Κυδωνίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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CYDRARA (Κύδραρα πόλις)

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CYLON (Κύλων, ὁ)

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CYME (Κύμη, ἡ)

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CYNEAS (Κυνέης, ὁ)

CYNEGEIRUS (Κυνέγειρος, ὁ)

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CYNETES (Κύνητες, οἱ)

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CYNO (Κυνώ, ἡ)

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CYNOSARGES (Κυνόσαργες, τό)

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CYNOSURA (Κυνόσουρα, ἡ)

REFERENCES

CYNURIANS (Κυνούριοι, οἱ)

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CYPRUS (Κύπρος, ἡ)

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CYPSELUS (Κύψελος, ὁ) father of Miltiades

REFERENCES

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CYPSELUS (Κύψελος, ὁ) son of Eëtion

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CYRAUIS (ἡ Κύραυις νῆσος)

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CYRENE (Κυρήνη, ἡ)

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CYRNUS (Corsica) (Κύρνος, ὁ)

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CYRNUS (Euboea) (Κύρνος, ἡ)

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CYRUS (I) (Κῦρος, ὁ; OP Kuruš)

REFERENCES

CYRUS (II) (Gk. Κῦρος, ὁ; OP Kuruš; Akkad. Kuraš)

THE ORIGINS OF CYRUS

MILITARY CAMPAIGNS

POLICIES AND LEGACY

CYRUS IN HERODOTUS’HISTORIES

REFERENCES

CYTHERA (Κύθηρα, τά)

REFERENCE

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CYTHNOS (Κύθνος, ἡ)

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CYTISSORUS (Κυτίσσωρος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

CYZICUS (Κύζικος, ἡ)

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D. DADICAE (Δαδίκαι, οἱ)

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DAEANS (Δάοι, οἱ)

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DAEDALUS (Δαίδαλος, ὁ)

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DAMASITHYMUS (Δαμασίθυμος, ὁ)

DAMASUS (Δάμασος, ὁ)

DAMIA (Δαμίη, ἡ) and AUXESIA (Αὐξησίη, ἡ)

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DANAË (Δανάη, ἡ)

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DANAUS (Δαναός, ὁ)

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DAPHNAE (Δάϕναι αἱ Πηλούσιαι)

REFERENCES

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DAPHNIS (Δάϕνις, ὁ)

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DARDANAE (Δαρδάναι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

DARDANUS (Δάρδανος, ἡ)

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DAREITAE (Δαρεῖται, οἱ)

DARIUS I (Δαρεῖος, ὁ) son of Hystaspes

DARIUS IN THE BISITUN INSCRIPTION

ACCESSION AND CONSOLIDATION

EXPANSION

REFERENCES

DARIUS (Δαρεῖος, ὁ; OP Dārayavauš) son of Xerxes

REFERENCE

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DASCYLEIUM (Δασκύλειον, τό)

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DASCYLUS (Δασκύλος, ὁ)

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DATE OF COMPOSITION

REFERENCES

DATIS (Δᾶτις, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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DATON (Δάτον, τό)

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DAULIS (Δαυλίς, ἡ)

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DAURISES (Δαυρίσης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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DEATH

REFERENCES

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DECELEA (Δεκελέη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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DECEPTION

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DECISION‐MAKING

REFERENCES

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DEDICATIONS

REFERENCES

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DEINOMENES (Δεινομένης, ὁ)

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DEIOCES (Δηιόκης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

DEIPHONUS (Δηίϕονος, ὁ)

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DELIAN LEAGUE

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DELIUM (Δήλιον, τό)

REFERENCE

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DELOS (Δῆλος, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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DELPHI (Δελϕοί, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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DELTA (Nile) (Δέλτα, τό)

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DEMARATUS (Δημάρητος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

DEMARMENUS (Δημάρμενος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

DEME

REFERENCE

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DEMETER (Δημήτηρ, ἡ)

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DEMOCEDES (Δημοκήδης, ὁ)

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DEMOCRACY

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DEMOCRITUS (Δημόκριτος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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DEMONAX (Δημῶναξ, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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DEMONOUS (Δημόνοος, ὁ)

DEMOPHILUS (Δημόϕιλος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

DERSAEANS (Δερσαῖοι, οἱ)

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DERUSIAEANS (Δηρουσιαῖοι, οἱ)

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DESERTS

REFERENCES

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DESIRE

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DESPOTISM

REFERENCES

DEUCALION (Δευκαλίων, ὁ)

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DIACTORIDES (Διακτορίδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

2) Diactorides of CRANNON in THESSALY appears as one of the thirteen men who came to SICYON as a suitor for Cleisthenes’ daughter AGARISTE (I), in the first half of the sixth century BCE (6.127.4). Herodotus does not supply Diactorides’ patronymic, but rather identifies him by his clan, the SCOPADAE. (See ALCON for bibliography.)

DIADROMES (Διαδρόμης, ὁ)

DIALECTS, GREEK

REFERENCE

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DICAEA (Δίκαια, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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DICAEUS (Δίκαιος, ὁ)

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DICTYNNA (Δικτύννη, ἡ)

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DIENECES (Διηνέκης, ὁ)

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DIGRESSIONS

REFERENCES

DIKE (Δίκη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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DIOMEDES (Διομήδης, ὁ)

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DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS

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DIONYSIUS (Διονύσιος, ὁ) of Phocaea

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DIONYSOPHANES (Διονυσοϕάνης, ὁ)

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DIONYSUS (Διόνυσος, ὁ)

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DIOSCURI (Διοσκοῦροι, οἱ)

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DIPAEA (Διπαιέες, οἱ)

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DISABILITIES

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DISASTER

REFERENCES

DISEASE

REFERENCES

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DISPLAY

REFERENCES

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DITHYRAMBUS (Διθύραμβος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

DIUM (Δῖον, τό)

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DIVINATION

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DOBERES (Δόβηρες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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DODONA (Δωδώνη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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DOGS

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DOLONCIANS (Δόλογκοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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DOLOPES (Δόλοπες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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DOMESTIC ECONOMY

REFERENCES

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DORIANS (Δωριέες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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DORIEUS (Δωριεύς, ὁ)

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DORIS (Δωρίς, ἡ)

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DORISCUS (Δορίσκος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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DORUS (Δῶρος, ὁ)

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DORYSSUS (Δόρυσσος, ὁ)

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DOTUS (Δῶτος, ὁ)

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DOULĒ (Δούλη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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DREAMS

REFERENCE

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DRESS

REFERENCES

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DRINKING AND DRUNKENNESS

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DROPICANS (Δροπικοί, οἱ)

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DRYMUS (Δρυμὸς πόλις)

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DRYOPES (Δρύοπες, οἱ)

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DYMANATAE (Δυμανᾶται, οἱ)

REFERENCES

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DYME (Δύμη, ἡ)

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DYRAS RIVER (ὁ Δύρας ποταμός)

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DYSORUM (Mount) (τὸ Δύσωρον ὄρος)

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The Herodotus Encyclopedia

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

MAPS

E. EARTH AND WATER

REFERENCES

EARTHQUAKES

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ECBATANA (Median) (Ἀγβάτανα, τά)

REFERENCES

ECBATANA (Syrian) (Ἀγβάτανα τὰ ἐν ∑υρίῃ)

REFERENCES

ECHECRATES (Ἐχεκράτης, ὁ)

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ECHEIDORUS RIVER (ὁ Ἐχείδωρος ποταμός)

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ECHEMUS (Ἔχεμος, ὁ)

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ECHESTRATUS (Ἐχέστρατος, ὁ)

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ECHINADES ISLANDS (αἱ Ἐχινάδες νῆσοι)

REFERENCES

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ECLIPSES

REFERENCES

EDITIONS

REFERENCES

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EDONIANS (Ἠδωνοί, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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EDUCATION, ANCIENT

THE VALUE OF EDUCATION: SUBORDINATE VS. AUTONOMOUS

EDUCATED BY THE POETS

EDUCATED BY THE SOPHISTS AND RHETORICIANS

PHILOSOPHERS AND EDUCATION

REFERENCES

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EËROPUS (Ἠέροπος, ὁ)

EËTION (Ἠετίων, ὁ)

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EGESTA (῎Εγεστα)

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EGYPT (Αἴγυπτος, ἡ)

EGYPT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORIES

HERODOTUS’ EGYPT IN ITS INTELLECTUAL CONTEXT

HERODOTUS’ SOURCES ON EGYPT

THE VALUE OF HERODOTUS’ ACCOUNT

HERODOTUS’ EGYPT: SCHOLARLY TRENDS AND DEBATES

REFERENCES

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EILEITHYIA (Εἰλείθυια, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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EION (Ἠϊών, ἡ)

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ELAEUS (Ἐλαιοῦς, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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ELATEIA (Ἐλάτεια, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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ELBO (Ἐλβώ)

REFERENCE

ELEA/HYELE (Ὑέλη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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ELEON (Ἐλεών)

REFERENCES

ELEPHANTINE (Ἐλεϕαντίνη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

ELEUSIS (Ἐλευσίς, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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ELIS (Ἦλις, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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ELISYCANS (Ἐλίσυκοι, οἱ)

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ELLOPIA (ἡ Ἐλλοπίη μοῖρα)

REFERENCE

EMOTIONS

REFERENCES

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EMPORION (ἐμπόριον, τό)

REFERENCES

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ENAREES (ἐνάρεες, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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ENCHELEES (Ἐγχελέες, οἱ)

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END OF THE HISTORIES

REFERENCES

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ENETI (Ἐνετοί, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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ENGINEERING

REFERENCE

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ENIPEUS RIVER (ὁ Ἐνιπεὺς ποταμός)

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EORDIANS (Ἐορδοί, οἱ)

REFERENCE

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EPHESUS (Ἔϕεσος, ἡ)

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EPHIALTES (Ἐπιάλτης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

EPHORS (ἔϕοροι, οἱ)

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EPHORUS

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EPIC POETRY

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EPICYDES (Ἐπικύδης, ὁ)

EPIDAMNUS (Ἐπίδαμνος, ἡ)

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EPIDAURUS (Ἐπίδαυρος, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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EPIGRAPHY

REFERENCES

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EPISTROPHUS (Ἐπίστροϕος, ὁ)

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EPIUM (Ἔπιον, τὸ)

REFERENCE

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EPIZELUS (Ἐπίζηλος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

ERASINUS RIVER (ὁ Ἐρασῖνος ποταμός)

REFERENCE

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ERECHTHEUS (Ἐρεχθεύς, ὁ)

REFERENCE

ERETRIA (Ἐρέτρια, ἡ)

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ERGA (ἔργα, τά)

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ERIDANUS (Ἠριδανός, ὁ)

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ERINEOS (Ἐρινεός, ὁ)

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EROCHUS (Ἔρωχος, ἡ)

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ERXANDER (Ἔρξανδρος, ὁ)

ERYTHEIA (ἡ Ἐρύθεια νῆσος)

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ERYTHRAE (Ἐρυθραί, αἱ) in Boeotia

REFERENCES

ERYTHRAE (Ἐρυθραί, αἱ) in Ionia

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ERYTHRAEAN SEA (ἡ Ἐρυθρὴ θάλασσα)

REFERENCES

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ERYX (Ἔρυξ, ἡ)

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ERYXO (Ἐρυξώ, ἡ)

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ESPIONAGE

REFERENCES

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ETEARCHUS (Ἐτέαρχος, ὁ) king of Oaxus

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ETEARCHUS (Ἐτέαρχος, ὁ) king of the Ammonians

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ETEOCLES (Ἐτεοκλέης, ὁ)

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ETHIOPIANS (Αἰθίοπες, οἱ)

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ETHNICITY

REFERENCES

ETHNOGRAPHY

REFERENCES

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ETYMOLOGY

REFERENCES

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EUAENETUS (Εὐαίνετος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

EUAGORAS (Εὐαγόρης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

EUALCIDES (Εὐαλκίδης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

EUBOEA (Εὐβοίη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

EUELTHON (Ἐυέλθων, ὁ)

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EUENIUS (Εὐήνιος, ὁ)

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EUESPERIDES (Εὐεσπερίδες, αἱ)

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EUMENES (Εὐμένης, ὁ)

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EUNOMUS (Εὔνομος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

EUNUCHS

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EUPALINUS (Εὐπαλῖνος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

EUPHEMUS (Εὔϕημος, ὁ)

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EUPHORBUS (Εὔϕορβος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

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EUPHORION (Εὐϕορίων, ὁ) the Athenian

FURTHER READING

EUPHORION (Εὐϕορίων, ὁ) the Azanian

EUPHRATES RIVER (ὁ Εὐϕρήτης ποταμός)

REFERENCE

EURIPUS (Εὔριπος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

EUROPA (Εὐρώπη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

EUROPE (Εὐρώπη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

EUROPUS (Εὐρωπός, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

EURYANAX (Εὐρυάναξ, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

EURYBATES (Εὐρυβάτης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

EURYBIADES (Εὐρυβιάδης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

EURYCLEIDES (Εὐρυκλείδης, ὁ)

EURYCRATES (Εὐρυκράτης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

EURYCRATIDES (Εὐρυκρατίδης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

EURYDAME (Εὐρυδάμη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

EURYDEMUS (Εὐρύδημος, ὁ)

EURYLEON (Εὐρυλέων, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

EURYMACHUS (Εὐρύμαχος, ὁ) father of Leontiades

EURYMACHUS (Εὐρύμαχος, ὁ) son of Leontiades

REFERENCES

EURYP(H)ON (Εὐρυϕῶν, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

EURYPYLUS (Εὐρύπυλος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

EURYSTHENES (Εὐρυσθένης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

EURYSTHEUS (Εὐρυσθεύς, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

EURYTUS (Εὔρυτος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

EUTHOENUS (Εὔθοινος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

EUTYCHIDES (Εὐτυχίδης, ὁ)

EUXINE SEA (ὁ Εὔξεινος πόντος)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

EVIDENCE

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

EXAMPAEUS (ὁ Ἐξαμπαῖος χῶρος)

REFERENCES

EXILE

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

EXTREMES

FURTHER READING (LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY)

F. FABLE

REFERENCES

FAME

FURTHER READING

FAMILY

FURTHER READING

FATE

REFERENCES

“FATHER OF HISTORY”

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

FEASTING

FURTHER READING

FESTIVALS (ἑορταί, αἱ, or πανηγύρεις, αἱ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

FETTERS

REFERENCES

FIRE

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

FIRST FRUITS

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

FISH

REFERENCES

FOOD

REFERENCES

FORTIFICATIONS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

FREEDOM

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

FRIENDSHIP

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

FURIES (Gk. Ἐρινύες, αἱ)

FURTHER READING

G. GADES/GADEIRA (τά Γήδειρα, Γάδειρα)

FURTHER READING

GAESON (Γαίσων)

GALEPSUS (Γαληψός, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

GAMES

REFERENCES

GAMPHASANTES (Γαμϕάσαντες, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

GANDARIANS (Γανδάριοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

GARAMANTES (Γαράμαντες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

GARGAPHIA (ἡ Γαργαϕίη κρήνη)

REFERENCES

GAUANES (Γαυάνης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

GAZA (Κάδυτις, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

GELA (Γέλη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

GELON (Γέλων, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GELONIANS (Γελωνοί, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

GELONUS (Γελωνός, ὁ) (son of Heracles)

REFERENCE

GENDER

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

GENEALOGIES

REFERENCES

GENERALS AND GENERALSHIP

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

GEOGRAPHY

THE GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE HISTORIES

CONTINENTAL DIVISION AND OTHER GEOGRAPHICAL THEORIES

HERODOTUS’ MEANDERING WAYS

REFERENCES

GEOLOGY

REFERENCES

GEPHYRAEANS (Γεϕυραῖοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

GERAESTUS (Γεραιστός, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

GERGIS (Γέργις, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

GERGITHES (Γέργιθες, οἱ)

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GERMANIANS (Γερμάνιοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

GERRHUS (Γέρρος)

FURTHER READING

GERYON (Γηρυόνης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

GESTURES

RITUAL AND CONVENTIONAL “ACTS”

GESTURES AND POSTURES IN‐AWARENESS

GESTURES AND POSTURES OUT‐OF‐AWARENESS

PARALINGUISTIC MARKERS (VOCALIC EFFECTS APART FROM WORDS)

OBJECT‐ADAPTORS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING (LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY)

GETAE (Γέται, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GIGONUS (Γίγωνος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

GILIGAMAE (Γιλιγάμαι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

GILLUS (Γίλλος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

GINDANES (Γινδᾶνες, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

GLAUCON (Γλαύκων, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

GLAUCUS (Γλαῦκος, ὁ) of Chios

FURTHER READING

GLAUCUS (Γλαῦκος, ὁ) son of Epicydes

REFERENCES

GLAUCUS (Γλαῦκος, ὁ) son of Hippolochus

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GLISAS (Γλίσας, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GNURUS (Γνοῦρος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GOBRYAS (Γωβρύης, ὁ) father of Mardonius

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

GOBRYAS (Γωβρύης, ὁ) son of Darius

FURTHER READING

GODS AND THE DIVINE

TERMINOLOGY

GREEK AND NON‐GREEK GODS

GODS AND MEN: COMMUNICATION AND INTERVENTION

DIVINE RETRIBUTION

DIVINE PHTHONOS

GODS AND FATE

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GOETOSYRUS (Γοιτόσυρος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GOLD (χρυσός, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

GONNOI (Γόννος πόλις)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GORDIAS (Γορδίης, ὁ) father of Adrastus

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GORDIAS (Γορδίης, ὁ) father of Midas

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

GORGO (Γοργώ, ἡ)

REFERENCES

GORGON (Γοργώ, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

GORGUS (Γόργος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

GRIEF

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

GRIFFINS (γρῦπες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

GRINNUS (Γρῖννος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

GRYNEIA (Γρύνεια, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

GUEST‐FRIENDSHIP

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

GYGAEA (Γυγαíη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

GYGAEAN LAKE (ἡ λίμνη Γυγαίη)

FURTHER READING

GYGES (Γύγης, ὁ) father of Myrsus

FURTHER READING

GYGES (Γύγης, ὁ) son of Dascylus

FURTHER READING

GYNDES RIVER (ὁ Γύνδης ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

GYZANTES (Γύζαντες, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

H

HADES (Ἀίδης or Ἅιδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

HAEMUS (Αἷμος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HAESA (Αἷσα, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HAGIAS (Ἡγίης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HAIR

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HALIACMON RIVER (ὁ Ἁλιάκμων ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

HALICARNASSUS (Ἁλικαρνησσός, ἡ)

REFERENCES

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HALIEIS (Ἁλιέες)

FURTHER READING

HALUS (Ἄλος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

HALYS RIVER (ὁ Ἅλυς ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

HAMILCAR (Ἀμίλκας, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HANDICRAFTS

REFERENCES

HANNO (Ἀννών, ὁ)

REFERENCES

HAPPINESS

FURTHER READING

HARBORS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HARMAMITHRES (Ἁρμαμίθρης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HARMATIDES (Ἁρματίδης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HARMOCYDES (Ἁρμοκύδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

HARMODIUS AND ARISTOGEITON (‘Αρμόδιος καì ’Αριστογείτων)

FURTHER READING

HARPAGUS (Ἅρπαγος, ὁ) the Mede

REFERENCE

HARPAGUS (Ἅρπαγος, ὁ) the Persian

FURTHER READING

HEBE (Ἥβη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

HEBRUS RIVER (ὁ Ἕβρος ποταμός)

REFERENCE

HECATAEUS (Ἑκαταῖος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

HECTOR (Ἕκτωρ, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HEGESANDER (Ἡγήσανδρος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HEGESICLES (Ἡγησικλέης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HEGESIPYLE (Ἡγησιπύλη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

HEGESISTRATUS (Ἡγησίστρατος, ὁ) of Elis

FURTHER READING

HEGESISTRATUS (Ἡγησίστρατος, ὁ) son of Aristagoras

REFERENCES

HEGESISTRATUS (Ἡγησίστρατος, ὁ) son of Peisistratus

FURTHER READING

HEGETORIDES (Ἡγητορίδης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HELEN (‘Ελένη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HELICE (Ἑλίκη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

HELIOPOLIS (Ἡλίου πόλις, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

HELIOS (ἥλιος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HELLAS, HELLENES (ἡ Ἑλλάς, οἱ Ἕλληνες)

FURTHER READING

HELLE (Ἕλλη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

HELLEN (Ἕλλην, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HELLENIC LEAGUE

REFERENCES

HELLENION (Ἑλλήνιον, τό)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HELLENISTIC HISTORIANS

FURTHER READING

HELLENODIKAI (Ἑλληνοδίκαι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HELLESPONT (Ἑλλήσποντος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HELORUS (ὁ Ἔλωρος ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

HELOTS (εἵλωτες, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HEPHAESTIA (Ἡφαιστία, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HEPHAESTOPOLIS (Ἡφαιστόπολις, ὁ)

REFERENCE

HEPHAESTUS (Ἥφαιστος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

HERA (Ἥρη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HERACLEIDAE (Ἡρακλεῖδαι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

HERACLEIDES (Ἡρακλείδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

HERACLES (Ἡρακλέης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

HERAEUM (Ἡραῖον πόλις)

FURTHER READING

HERAION (SAMOS)

FURTHER READING

HERALDS (κήρυκες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

HERMES (Ἑρμέης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HERMION(E) (Ἑρμιών, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HERMIPPUS (Ἕρμιππος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HERMOLYCUS (Ἑρμόλυκος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

HERMOPHANTUS (Ἑρμόφαντος, ὁ)

HERMOPOLIS (ἡ Ἑρμέω πόλις)

FURTHER READING

HERMOTIMUS (Ἑρμότιμος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HERMOTYBIES (Ἑρμοτύβιες, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

HERMUS RIVER (ὁ Ἕρμος ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

HERODOTUS (Ἡρόδοτος, ὁ) of Halicarnassus

FURTHER READING

HERODOTUS (Ἡρόδοτος, ὁ) son of Basileides

HEROES AND HERO CULT

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HEROIC AGE

REFERENCES

HEROPHANTUS (Ἡρόφαντος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HERPYS (Ἓρπυς, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HESIOD (Ἡσίοδος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HESTIA (Ἱστίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HIERON (Ἱέρων, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HIERONYMUS (Ἱερώνυμος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

HIMERA (Ἱμέρη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HIPPARCHUS (Ἳππαρχοϛ, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HIPPIAS (Ἱππίης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HIPPOCLEIDES (Ἱπποκλείδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HIPPOCLUS (Ἵπποκλος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HIPPOCOÖN (Ἱπποκόων, ὁ)

REFERENCE

HIPPOCRATES (1) (Ἱπποκράτης, ὁ) father of Peisistratus

FURTHER READING

HIPPOCRATES (2) (Ἱπποκράτης, ὁ) father of Smindyrides

HIPPOCRATES (3) (Ἱπποκράτης, ὁ) son of Megacles (II)

FURTHER READING

HIPPOCRATES (4) (Ἱπποκράτης, ὁ) son of Pantares

FURTHER READING

HIPPOCRATIDES (Ἱπποκρατίδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HIPPOLAUS CAPE (Ἱππόλεω ἄκρη)

REFERENCE

HIPPOLOCHUS (Ἱππόλοχος, ὁ)

HIPPOMACHUS (Ἱππόμαχος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HIPPONICUS (Ἱππόνικος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

HISTIAEA (Ἱστιαίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

HISTIAEOTIS (Ἱστιαιῶτις, ἡ)

HISTIAEUS (Ἱστιαῖος, ὁ) father of Phylacus

HISTIAEUS (Ἱστιαῖος, ὁ) son of Lysagoras

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HISTIAEUS (Ἱστιαῖος, ὁ) son of Tymnes

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HISTORICAL METHOD

REFERENCES

Further Reading (listed chronologically)

HISTORIĒ (ἱστορίη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

HOLLOWS (Κοίλη, ἡ) of Athens

REFERENCES

HOLLOWS (τὰ Κοῖλα) of Chios

REFERENCE

HOLLOWS (τὰ Κοῖλα) of Euboea

REFERENCES

HOMER (Ὅμηρος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HONOR

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HOPLITES

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HORSES (ἵππος, pl. ἵππεις)

FURTHER READING

HORUS (Ὦρος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HOSTAGES

FURTHER READING

HUBRIS

REFERENCES

HUMAN SACRIFICE

REFERENCES

HUMOR

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HUNDRED ISLES (αἱ ἑκατὸν νῆσοι)

FURTHER READING

HUNTING

FURTHER READING

HYACINTHIA (Ὑακίνθια, τά)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HYAMPOLIS (Ὑάμπολις, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

HYBLA (Ὕβλη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HYDARNES (Ὑδάρνης, ὁ; OP Viḍrna) co‐conspirator of Darius

FURTHER READING

HYDARNES (Gr. ‘ϒδάρνης, ὁ; OP Viḍrna) son of Hydarnes

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HYDREA (Ὑδρέα, ἡ)

REFERENCES

HYLAEA (Ὑλαίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HYLLUS RIVER (ὁ Ὕλλος ποταμός)

REFERENCE

HYLLUS (Ὕλλος, ὁ) son of Heracles

FURTHER READING

HYMAEES (Ὑμαίης, ὁ; OP *humāya‐)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HYMETTUS (Ὑμησσός, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HYPACHAEANS (Ὑπαχαιοί, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HYPACYRIS RIVER (ὁ Ὑπάκυρις ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

HYPANIS RIVER (ὁ Ὕπανις ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

HYPERANTHES (Ὑπεράνθης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

HYPERBOREANS (Ὑπερβόρεοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

HYPEROCHE (Ὑπερόχη, ἡ) and LAODICE (Λαοδίκη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

HYRCANIANS (Ὑρκάνιοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

HYRGIS RIVER (ὁ Ὕργις ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

HYRIA (ἡ Ὑρίη πόλις)

REFERENCE

HYROEADES (Ὑροιάδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

HYSIAE (Ὑσιαί, αἱ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

HYSSELDOMUS (Ὑσσέλδωμος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

HYSTANES (Ὑστάνης, ὁ)

HYSTASPES (Ὑστάσπης, ὁ; OP Vishtaspa) son of Arsames

REFERENCES

HYSTASPES (Ὑστάσπης, ὁ) son of Darius

FURTHER READING

HYTENNAE (Ὑτένναι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

I. IADMON (Ἰάδμων, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

IALYSUS (Ἰήλυσος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

IAMIDAE (Ἰαμίδαι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

IAPYGIA (Ἰηπυγίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

IARDANUS (Ἰάρδανος, ὁ)

IATRAGORAS (Ἰητραγόρης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

IBANOLLIS (Ἰβάνωλλις, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

IBERIA (Ἰβηρίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

ICAROS (Ἴκαρος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

ICHNAE ( Ἴχναι, αἱ)

FURTHER READING

ICHTHYOPHAGI (Ἰχθυοϕάγοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

IDA (Ἴδη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

IDANTHYRSUS (Ἰδάνθυρσος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

IDRIAS (ἡ Ἰδριὰς χώρη)

FURTHER READING

IENYSUS (Ἰήνυσος, ἡ)

ILISSUS RIVER (ὁ Ἰλισσὸς ποταμός)

REFERENCES

ILLYRIANS (Ἰλλυριοί, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

IMBROS (Ἴμβρος, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

IMMERWAHR, HENRY

REFERENCES

IMMORTALS (ἀθάνατοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

INACHUS (Ἴναχος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

INAROS (Ἰνάρως, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

INDIA (ἡ Ἰνδική χώρη)

REFERENCES

INDUS RIVER (ὁ Ἰνδός ποταμός)

INO (Ἰνώ, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

INSCRIPTIONS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

INSULTS

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

INTAPHERNES (Gr. ’Ινταϕέρνης, ὁ; OP Vindafarna)

REFERENCES

INTERPRETERS

FURTHER READING

INVENTIONS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

INYX (Ἴνυξ, ἡ)

IO (Ἰώ, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

IOLCUS (Ἰωλκός, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

ION (Ἴων, ὁ)

REFERENCES

IONIAN GULF (ὁ Ἰόνιος κόλπος)

FURTHER READING

IONIAN REVOLT

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

IONIANS (Ἴωνες, οἱ) and IONIA (Ἰωνίη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

IONIC DIALECT

FURTHER READING

IPHICLUS (Ἴϕικλος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

IPHIGENEIA (Ἰϕιγένεια, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

IRASA (Ἴρασα, τά)

FURTHER READING

IRON (σίδηρος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

IS (Ἴς)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

ISAGORAS (Ἰσηγόρης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

ISCHENOUS (Ἰσχένοος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

ISIS (Ἶσις, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

ISLAND OF THE BLESSED (ἡ Μακάρων νῆσος)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

ISLANDS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

ISMARIS, LAKE (ἡ Ἰσμαρίς λίμνη)

FURTHER READING

ISONOMIA (ἰσονομίη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

ISSEDONES (Ἰσσηδόνες, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

ISTER RIVER (ὁ Ἴστρος ποταμός)

REFERENCES

ISTHMUS (ἰσθμός, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

ISTRIA (Ἰστρίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

ITALY (Ἰταλίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

ITANUS (Ἴτανος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

ITHAMITRES (Ἰθαμίτρης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

ITHOME (Ἰθώμη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

IYRCAE (Ἰύρκαι, οἱ)

J. JACOBY, FELIX

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

JASON (Ἰήσων, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

JEALOUSY

REFERENCES

JEWS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

JOSEPHUS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

JUDGES

REFERENCES

K

KILLYRIANS (Κιλλύριοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

KINGSHIP, see MONARCHY

KNOWLEDGE

FURTHER READING

KOILE, see HOLLOWS OF ATHENS. KORE (Κόρη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

L. LABDA (Λάβδα, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

LABDACUS (Λάβδακος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LABRAUNDA (Λάβραυνδα, τά)

FURTHER READING

LABYNETUS (Λαβύνητος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

LABYRINTH, see CROCODILOPOLIS; THŌMATA

LACMON (Mount) (Λάκμων ὄρος)

LACONIA (ἡ Λακωνικὴ γῆ)

FURTHER READING

LACRINES (Λακρίνης, ὁ)

LADE (Λάδη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

LADICE (Λαδίκη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

LAÏUS (Λάϊος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LAMPITO (Λαμπιτώ, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

LAMPON (Λάμπων, ὁ) father of Olympiodorus

FURTHER READING

LAMPON (Λάμπων, ὁ) son of Pytheas

REFERENCES

LAMPON (Λάμπων, ὁ) son of Thrasycles

FURTHER READING

LAMPONIUM (Λαμπώνιον, τό)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LAMPSACUS (Λάμψακος, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LANDSCAPE

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

LAODAMAS (Λαοδάμας, ὁ) father of Sostratus

REFERENCE

LAODAMAS (Λαοδάμας, ὁ) of Phocaea

FURTHER READING

LAODAMAS (Λαοδάμας, ὁ) son of Eteocles

FURTHER READING

laodice, see hyperoche and laodice. LAOS (Λᾶος, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LAPHANES (Λαϕάνης, ὁ)

LAPITHS (Λαπίθαι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

LARISA(E) (Λήρισαι, αἱ)

FURTHER READING

LARISSA (Thessaly) (Λάρισ(σ)α, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

lasonians, see cabales. LASUS (Λᾶσος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LAUGHTER

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING (LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY)

LAURIUM (Λαύρειον, τό)

FURTHER READING

LAW

REFERENCES

LEAGRUS (Λέαγρος, ὀ)

FURTHER READING

LEARCHUS (Λέαρχος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LEBADEIA (Λεβάδεια, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LEBAEA (Λεβαίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

LEBEDUS (Λέβεδος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

LECTUM (Λεκτόν, τό)

FURTHER READING

LEIPSYDRIUM (Λειψύδριον, τό)

REFERENCES

LELANTINE WAR

FURTHER READING

LELEGES (Λέλεγες, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LEMNOS (Λῆμνος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

LEOBOTAS (Λεωβώτης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LEOCEDES (Λεωκήδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

LEON (Λέων, ὁ) king of Sparta

FURTHER READING

LEON (Λέων, ὁ) of Troezen

FURTHER READING

LEONIDAS (Λεωνίδης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LEONTIADES (Λεοντιάδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

LEONTINI (Λεοντῖνοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

LEOPREPES (Λεωπρέπης, ὁ) father of Simonides

REFERENCE

LEOPREPES (Λεωπρέπης, ὁ) father of Thearidas

FURTHER READING

LEOTYCHIDES I (Λευτυχίδης, ὁ) son of Anaxilaus

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

LEOTYCHIDES II (Λευτυχίδης, ὁ) son of Menares

REFERENCES

LEPREUM (Λέπρεον, τό)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

LEROS (Λέρος, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LESBOS (Λέσβος, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LETO (Λητώ, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

LEUCADIANS (Λευκαδίοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

LEUCON (Λεύκων)

REFERENCE

“LIAR SCHOOL”

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

LIBATIONS (σπονδαί, αἱ)

FURTHER READING

LIBYA (Λιβύη, ἡ)

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LICHAS (Λίχης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LIDE (Mount) (Λίδη ὄρος)

LIGURIANS (Λίγυες, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LIGYANS (Λίγυες, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

LIMENEIUM (Λιμενήιον, τό)

FURTHER READING

LINDUS (Λίνδος, ἡ)

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LINUS (Λῖνος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LIONS

REFERENCES

LIPAXUS (Λίπαξος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

LIPOXAÏS (Λιπόξαϊς, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LISUS RIVER (ὁ Λίσος ποταμός)

REFERENCE

LOCRIS (Italy) (Λοκροί, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

LOCRIS, OPOUNTIAN (Λοκροί οἱ Ὀπούντιοι)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

LOCRIS, OZOLIAN (Λοκροὶ οἱ Ὀζόλαι)

FURTHER READING

LOGOS (λόγος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

LOT(S)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LOTUS‐EATERS (Λωτοϕάγοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

LUCIAN

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

LYCARETUS (Λυκάρητος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LYCIA (Λυκίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

LYCIDES (Λυκίδης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

LYCOMEDES (Λυκομήδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

LYCOPES (Λυκώπης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

LYCOPHRON (Λυκόϕρων, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LYCURGUS (Λυκοῦργος, ὁ) father of Amiantus

LYCURGUS (Λυκοῦργος, ὁ) of Athens

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LYCURGUS (Λυκοῦργος, ὁ) of Sparta

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LYCUS RIVER (ὁ Λύκος ποταμός), Scythia

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LYCUS (Λύκος, ὁ) son of Pandion

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LYCUS (Λύκος, ὁ) son of Spargapeithes

FURTHER READING

LYDIA (Λυδίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LYDIAS RIVER (ὁ Λυδίης ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

LYDUS (Λυδός, ὁ)

REFERENCE

LYGDAMIS (Λύγδαμις, ὁ) father of Artemisia

REFERENCES

LYGDAMIS (Λύγδαμις, ὁ) of Naxos

FURTHER READING

LYGDAMIS (Λύγδαμις, ὁ) son or grandson of Artemisia

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LYNCEUS (Λυγκεύς, ὁ)

LYSAGORAS (Λυσαγόρης, ὁ) father of Histiaeus

FURTHER READING

LYSAGORAS (Λυσαγόρης, ὁ) son of Teisias

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

LYSANIAS (Λυσανίης, ὁ)

LYSICLES (Λυσικλέης, ὁ)

LYSIMACHUS (Λυσίμαχος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

LYSISTRATUS (Λυσίστρατος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

M. MACAE (Μάκαι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MACAN, REGINALD WALTER

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MACEDONIA (Μακεδονίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MACHLYES (Μάχλυες, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MACISTUS (Μάκιστος or ‐ον)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MACRONES (Μάκρωνες, οἱ)

MACTORIUM (Μακτώριον πόλις)

FURTHER READING

MADNESS

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MADYES (Μαδύης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MADYTUS (ἡ Μάδυτος πόλις)

FURTHER READING

MAEANDER RIVER (ὁ Μαίανδρος ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

MAEANDRIUS (I) (Μαιάνδριος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

MAEANDRIUS (II) (Μαιάνδριος, ὁ) son of Maeandrius

FURTHER READING

MAEOTIANS (Μαιῆται, οἱ, Ionic for Μαιῶται)

REFERENCE

MAEOTIS (Μαιῆτις, Ionic for Μαιῶτις)

FURTHER READING

MAGDOLUS (Μάγδωλος, ἡ)

REFERENCES

MAGI (Μάγοι, οἱ; OP maguš)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MAGNESIA (Μαγνησίη, ἡ) in Greece

FURTHER READING

MAGNESIA on the Maeander (Μαγνησίη ἡ ὑπὲρ Μαιάνδρου)

FURTHER READING

MALEA (Μαλέη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MALENE (Μαλήνη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MALES (Μάλης, ὁ)

MALIAN GULF (ὁ Μηλιεὺς κόλπος)

REFERENCE

MALIANS (Μηλιέες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MANDANE (Μανδάνη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

MANDROCLES (Μανδροκλέης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MANES (Μάνης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MANTINEIA (Μαντινέη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MANUSCRIPTS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MAPS

FURTHER READING

MARAPHIANS (Μαράφιοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

MARATHON (Μαραθών, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MARDIANS (Μάρδοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MARDONIUS (Μαρδόνιος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MARDONTES (Μαρδόντης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MAREA (Μαρέη, ἡ; Eg. Mr)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MARES (Μᾶρες, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MARIANDYNIANS (Μαριανδυνοί, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MARIS RIVER (ὁ Μάρις ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

MARONEIA (Μαρώνεια, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MARRIAGE

FURTHER READING

MARSYAS (Μαρσύης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MASCAMES (Μασκάμης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MASISTES (Μασίστης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MASISTIUS (Μασίστιος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MASPIANS (Μάσπιοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

MASSAGES (Μασσάγης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MASSAGETAE (Μασσαγέται, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MASSALIA (Μασσαλίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MASTYES (Μαστύης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MATIENIANS (Ματιηνοί, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MATTEN (Ματτήν, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MAUSOLUS (Μαύσωλος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MAXYES (Μάξυες, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MAZARES (Μαζάρης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

MEASURES

LENGTH

CAPACITY OR VOLUME. Liquid:

Dry:

Weight: see TALENT

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MEAT

FURTHER READING

MECISTEUS (Μηκιστεύς, ὁ)

MECYBERNA (Μηκύβερνα, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MEDEA (Μηδείη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MEDES (Μῆδοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

MEDICAL WRITERS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MEDICINE

FURTHER READING

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MEDIZE

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MEGABATES (Gr. Μεγαβάτης, OP *Bagapata)

REFERENCES

MEGABAZUS (Μεγάβαζος, ὁ) son of Megabates

FURTHER READING

MEGABAZUS (Μεγάβαζος, ὁ) the Persian

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MEGABYXUS (1) (Gr. Μεγάβυξος, ὁ; OP Bagabuxša‐) father of Zopyrus (1)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MEGABYXUS (2) (Gk. Μεγάβυξος, ὁ; OP Bagabuxša‐) son of Zopyrus (1)

FURTHER READING

MEGACLES (I) (Μεγακλέης, ὁ) father of Alcmaeon

FURTHER READING

MEGACLES (II) (Μεγακλέης, ὁ) son of Alcmaeon

FURTHER READING

MEGACLES (IV) (Μεγακλέης, ὁ) son of Hippocrates

FURTHER READING

MEGACREON (Μεγακρέων, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MEGADOSTES (Μεγαδόστης, ὁ)

MEGAPANUS (Μεγάπανος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MEGARA (Μέγαρα, τά)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MEGARA (HYBLAEA) (Μέγαρα, τὰ)

FURTHER READING

MEGASIDRUS (Μεγάσιδρος, ὁ)

MEGISTIAS (Μεγιστίας, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MEIONES (Μηίονες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MELAMPUS (Μελάμπους, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MELANCHLAENI (Μελάγχλαινοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MELANIPPUS (Μελάνιππος, ὁ) of Mytilene

FURTHER READING

MELANIPPUS (Μελάνιππος, ὁ) son of Astacus

FURTHER READING

MELANTHIUS (Μελάνθιος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MELANTHUS (Μέλανθος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MELES (Μήλης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MELIBOEA (Μελίβοια, ἡ)

REFERENCE

MELISSA (Μέλισσα, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MELOS (Μῆλος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MEMBLIARAUS (Μεμβλιάρεως, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MEMNON (Μέμνων, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MEMORY

REFERENCES

MEMPHIS (Μέμφις, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MENARES (Μενάρης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MENDE (Μένδη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MENDES (district) (ὁ Μενδήσιος νομός)

FURTHER READING

MENDES (god) (Μένδης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MENELAUS (Μενέλεωϛ, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MENELAUS HARBOR (Μενέλαος λιμήν)

FURTHER READING

MENIUS (Μένιος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MERBALUS (Μέρβαλος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

MERCENARIES

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MERMNADAE (Μερμνάδαι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MEROE (Μερόη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MESAMBRIA (Μεσαμβρίή, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MESEMBRIA (Μεσαμβρίη, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MESSAPIANS (Μεσσάπιοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MESSENGERS (ἄγγελοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

MESSENIANS (Μεσσήνιοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

METANARRATIVE

REFERENCES

METAPHOR

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

METAPONTUM (Μεταπόντιον, τό)

FURTHER READING

METHYMNA (Μήθυμνα, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

METIOCHUS (Μητίοχος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

METRODORUS (Μητρόδωρος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MICYTHUS (Μίκυθος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

MIDAS (Μίδης, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MIGRATION

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MILETUS (Μίλητος, ἡ)

REFERENCES

MILO (Μίλων, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MILTIADES (Μιλτιάδης, ὁ) the Elder

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MILTIADES (Μιλτιάδης, ὁ) the Younger

REFERENCES

MILYAE (Μιλύαι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

MIN (Μίν, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MINING

FURTHER READING

MINOA (Μινώη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MINOS (Μίνως, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MINYANS (Μινύαι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

MITRA (Gk. Μίτρα; OP Miθra)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MITRADATES (Μιτραδάτης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MITROBATES (Gk. Μιτροβάτης, ὁ; OP *Miθra‐pāta)

FURTHER READING

MNESARCHUS (Μνήσαρχος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

MNESIPHILUS (Μνησίφιλος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MOERIS (king) (Μοῖρις, ὁ)

REFERENCES

MOERIS (lake) (ἡ Μοῖρις λίμνη)

REFERENCES

MOLOEIS RIVER (ὁ Μολόεις ποταμός)

REFERENCE

MOLOSSIANS (Μολοσσοί, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MOLPAGORAS (Μολπαγόρης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

MOMEMPHIS (Μώμεμφις πόλις)

FURTHER READING

MOMIGLIANO, ARNALDO DANTE

REFERENCES

MONARCHY (μουναρχίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MONEY

REFERENCES

MONUMENTALITY (GREEK)

FURTHER READING

MONUMENTS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MOSCHIANS (Μόσχοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MOSSYNOECIANS (Μοσσύνοικοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MOTIVATION

MULTIVOCALITY AND AMBIGUITY

TYPOLOGY

INCORPORATING MOTIVES INTO THE NARRATIVE

MOTIVATION AS A DYNAMIC CONCEPT

MOTIVATION AS A MEANS OF HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MULES (ἡμίονοι, οἱ)

FURTHER READING

MUMMIFICATION (ταρίχευσις, ἡ; Eg. “mummy” wi)

REFERENCES

MUNYCHIA (Μουνυχίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MURDER

REFERENCE

MURYCHIDES (Μουρυχίδης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

MUSAEUS (Μουσαῖος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

MUSIC

REFERENCES

MUTILATION

REFERENCES

MYCALE (Μυκάλη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MYCENAE (Μυκήνη; οἱ Μυκηναῖοι)

FURTHER READING

MYCERINUS (Μυκερῖνος, ὁ)

REFERENCES

MYCIANS (Μύκοι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MYECPHORIS (ὁ Μυεκφορίτης νομός)

FURTHER READING

MYGDONIA (Μυγδονίη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MYKONOS (Μύκονος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MYLASA (Μύλασα, τά)

FURTHER READING

MYLITTA (Μύλιττα, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MYNDUS (Μύνδος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MYRCINUS (Μύρκινος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MYRIANDIC GULF (ὁ Μυριανδικὸς κόλπος)

REFERENCE

MYRINA (Μύρινα, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MYRMEX (Μύρμηξ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MYRON (Μύρων, ὁ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MYRSUS (Μύρσος, ὁ) father of Candaules

FURTHER READING

MYRSUS (Μύρσος, ὁ) son of Gyges

REFERENCE

MYS (Μῦς, ὁ)

REFERENCE

ΜYSIA (Μυσίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

MYSTERIES (μυστήρια, τά)

FURTHER READING

MYSUS (Μυσός, ὁ)

MYTH

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

MYTILENE (Μυτιλήνη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

MYUS (Μυοῦς, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

N

NAKEDNESS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

NAPARIS RIVER (ὁ Νάπαρις ποταμός)

FURTHER READING

NARRATOLOGY

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

NASAMONES (Νασαμῶνες, οἱ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

NATHO (ὁ Ναθῶς νομός)

FURTHER READING

NAUCRATIS (Ναύκρατις, ἡ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

NAUPLIA (Ναυπλίη, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

NAUSTROPHUS (Ναύστροφος, ὁ)

FURTHER READING

NAVAL WARFARE

FURTHER READING

NAXOS (Νάξος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

NAXOS (Sicily) (Νάξος, ἡ)

FURTHER READING

NEAPOLIS (Egypt) (ἡ Νέη πόλις)

REFERENCE

NEAPOLIS (Pallene) (Νέη πόλις, ἡ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

NEAR EASTERN HISTORY

FURTHER READING

NECESSITY

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

NECOS I (Gk. Νεκῶς, ὁ; Eg. Ny‐kꜣw)

FURTHER READING

NECOS II (Gk. Νεκῶς, ὁ; Eg. Ny‐kꜣw)

FURTHER READING

NEILEUS (Νείλεως, ὁ)

REFERENCES

NELEIDAE (Νηλεῖδαι, οἱ)

REFERENCE

FURTHER READING

NEOCLES (Νεοκλέης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

NEON (Νέων πόλις)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

NEON TEICHOS (τὸ Νέον Τεῖχος)

FURTHER READING

NEREIDS (Νηρηίδες, αἱ)

FURTHER READING

NESAEAN HORSES (Νησαῖοι ἵπποι)

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NESTOR (Νέστωρ, ὁ)

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NESTUS RIVER (ὁ Νέστος ποταμός)

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NEURIANS (Νευροί, οἱ)

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NICANDER (Νίκανδρος, ὁ)

NICODROMUS (Νικόδρομος, ὁ)

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NICOLAUS (Νικόλεως, ὁ) father of Bulis

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NIKE (Νίκη, ἡ)

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NILE RIVER (Νεῖλος, ὁ)

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NINE SPRINGS (Ἐννεάκρουνος, ἡ)

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NINE WAYS (Ἐννέα ὁδοί, αἱ)

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NINEVEH (Νίνος, ἡ)

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NINUS (Νίνος, ὁ)

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NIPSAEANS (Νιψαῖοι, οἱ)

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NISAEA (Νίσαια, ἡ)

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NISYROS (Νίσυρος, ἡ)

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NITETIS (Νίτητις, ἡ; Eg. Njtt‐jj.tj)

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NITOCRIS (Νίτωκρις, ἡ) the Babylonian

REFERENCES

NITOCRIS (Νίτωκρις, ἡ) the Egyptian

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NOĒS RIVER (ὁ Νόης ποταμός)

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NOMADS (νομάδες)

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NOMOS (νόμος, ὁ)

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NONACRIS (Νώνακρις, ἡ)

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NOTHON (Νόθων, ὁ)

NOTIUM (Νότιον, τό)

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NUDIUM (Νούδιον, τὸ)

NUMBERS

REFERENCES

NYMPHODORUS (Νυμφόδωρος, ὁ)

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NYSA (Νῦσα or Νύση, ἡ)

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O. OARIZUS (Ὀάριζος, ὁ)

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OARUS RIVER (ὁ Ὄαρος ποταμός)

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OASIS (ἡ Ὄασις πόλις)

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OATH OF PLATAEA

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OATHS

REFERENCES

OAXUS (Ὀαξὸς πόλις)

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OCEAN (Ὠκεανός, ὁ)

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OCTAMASADES (Ὀκταμασάδης, ὁ)

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OCYTUS (Ὤκυτος, ὁ)

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ODOMANTIANS (Ὀδόμαντοι, οἱ)

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ODRYSAE (Ὀδρύσαι, οἱ)

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OEA (Οἴη, ἡ)

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OEBARES (Οἰβάρης, ὁ) groom of Darius

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OEBARES (Οἰβάρης, ὁ; OP *Vahībara‐) son of Megabazus

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OEDIPUS (Οἰδίπους, ὁ)

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OENOE (Οἰνόη, ἡ)

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OENOTRIA (ἡ Οἰνωτρίη γῆ)

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OENUSSAE ISLANDS (αἱ Οἰνοῦσσαι νῆσοι)

OEOBAZUS (Οἰόβαζος, ὁ), Persian

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OEOBAZUS (Οἰόβαζος, ὁ) of Cardia

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OEOLYCUS (Οἰόλυκος, ὁ)

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OEORPATA (Οἰόρπατα)

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OËROË (Ὠερόη, ἡ)

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OETA (Οἴτη, ἡ)

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OLBIA

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OLEN (Ὤλην, ὁ)

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OLENUS (Ὤλενος, ὁ)

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OLIATUS (Ὀλίατος, ὁ)

OLIGARCHY (ὀλιγαρχίη, ἡ)

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OLOPHYXUS (Ὀλόϕυξος, ἡ)

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OLORUS (Ὄλορος, ὁ)

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OLYMPIA (Ὀλυμπίη, ἡ)

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OLYMPIODORUS (Ὀλυμπιόδωρος, ὁ)

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OLYMPUS (Mount) (Ὄλυμπος, ὁ)

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OLYNTHUS (Ὄλυνθος, ἡ)

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OMBRICANS (Ὀμβρικοί, οἱ)

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ONESILUS (Ὀνήσιλος, ὁ)

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ONETES (Ὀνήτης, ὁ)

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ONOCHONUS RIVER (ὁ Ὀνόχωνος ποταμός)

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ONOMACRITUS (Ὀνομάκριτος, ὁ)

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ONOMASTUS (Ὀνόμαστος, ὁ)

ONUPHIS (ὁ Ὀνουϕίτης νομός)

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OPHRYNEIUM (Ὀϕρύνειον πόλις)

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OPIS (Ὦπις πόλις)

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OPOEA (Ὀποίη, ἡ)

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ORACLES

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ORALITY AND LITERACY

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ORBELUS (Ὄρβηλος, ὁ)

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ORCHOMENUS (Arcadia) (Ὀρχομενός, ὁ)

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ORCHOMENUS (BOEOTIAN) (Ὀρχομενός, ὁ)

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ORDESSUS RIVER (ὁ Ὀρδησσός ποταμός)

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OREITHYIA (Ὠρείθυια, ἡ)

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ORESTES (Ὀρέστης, ὁ)

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ORESTHEIUM (Ὀρέσθειον, τό)

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ORGEUS (Ὀργεύς, ὁ)

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ORICUM HARBOR (Ὤρικον λίμην)

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ORICUS (Ὄρικος, ὁ)

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ORIENTALISM

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ORNEAE (Ὀρνεαί, αἱ)

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OROETES (Ὀροίτης, ὁ)

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OROMEDON (Ὠρομέδων, ὁ)

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OROPUS (Ὠρωπός, ὁ)

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OROTALT (Ὀροτάλτ)

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ORPHIC RITES (Ὀρϕικά, τὰ)

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ORSIPHANTUS (Ὀρσίϕαντος, ὁ)

ORTHOCORYBANTIANS (Ὀρθοκορυβάντιοι, οἱ)

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OSIRIS (Ὄσιρις, ὁ)

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OSSA (Mount) (Ὄσσα, ἡ)

OTANES (1) (Ὀτάνης, ὁ; OP Utāna) son of Pharnaspes

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OTANES (2) (Ὀτάνης, ὁ; OP Utāna) son of Sisamnes

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OTANES (3) (Ὀτάνης, ὁ) father of Amestris

OTANES (4) (Ὀτάνης, ὁ; OP Utāna) father of Patiramphes

REFERENCE

OTANES (5) (Ὀτάνης, ὁ; OP Utāna) father of Anaphes

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OTANES (6) (Ὀτάνης, ὁ; OP Utāna) father of Smerdomenes

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OTASPES (Ὀτάσπης, ὁ)

OTHRYADES (Ὀθρυάδης, ὁ)

OTHRYS (Ὄθρυς, ἡ)

REFERENCE

The Herodotus Encyclopedia

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

MAPS

P. PACTOLUS (ὁ Πακτωλός ποταμός)

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PACTYE (Πακτύη, ἡ)

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PACTYES (Πακτύης, ὁ)

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PACTYICA (Πακτυϊκή, ἡ)

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PADAEANS (Παδαῖοι, οἱ)

PAEANIA (ὁ Παιανιεὺς δῆμος)

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PAEON (Παῖον)

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PAEONIANS (Παίονες, οἱ)

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PAEONIDAE (Παιονίδαι)

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PAEOPLAE (Παιόπλαι, οἱ)

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PAESUS (Παισός, ἡ)

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PAETIANS (Παῖτοι, οἱ)

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PAGASAE (Παγασαί, αἱ)

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PALE (Παλέες, οἱ)

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PALLENE (deme) (Παλλήνη, ἡ)

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PALLENE (peninsula) (Παλλήνη, ἡ)

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PAMISUS RIVER (ὁ Πάμισος ποταμός)

PAMMON (Πάμμων, ὁ)

PAMPHYLIANS (Πάμφυλοι, οἱ)

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PAN (Πάν, ὁ)

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PANAETIUS (Παναίτιος, ὁ)

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PANATHENAEA (Παναθήναια, τά)

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PANDION (Πανδίων, ὁ)

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PANGAEUM (Mount) (τὸ Πάγγαιον ὄρος)

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PANHELLENISM

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PANIONION (Πανιώνιον, τό)

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PANIONIUS (Πανιώνιος, ὁ)

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PANITES (Πανίτης, ὁ)

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PANOPEUS (Πανοπεύς; Πανοπέες, οἱ)

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PANORMUS HARBOR (Πάνορμος λιμήν)

PANTAGNOTUS (Παντάγνωτος, ὁ)

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PANTALEON (Πανταλέων, ὁ)

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PANTARES (Παντάρης, ὁ)

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PANTHIALAEANS (Πανθιαλαῖοι, οἱ)

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PANTICAPES RIVER (ὁ Παντικάπης ποταμός)

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PANTIMATHIANS (Παντίμαθοι, οἱ)

PANTITES (Παντίτης, ὁ)

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PANYASSIS (Πανύασσις, ὁ)

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PAPAEUS (Παπαῖος, ὁ)

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PAPHLAGONIANS (Παφλαγόνες, οἱ)

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PAPHOS (Πάφος, ἡ)

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PAPREMIS (Πάπρημις, ἡ)

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PAPYRI

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PARAEBATES (Παραιβάτης, ὁ)

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PARALATAE (Παραλάται, οἱ)

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PARAPOTAMIAE (Παραποτάμιοι, οἱ)

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PARETACENIANS (Παρητακηνοί, οἱ)

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PARICANIANS (Παρικάνιοι, οἱ)

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PARIUM (Πάριον πόλις)

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PARMYS (Πάρμυς, ἡ)

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PARNASSUS (Παρνησσός, ὁ)

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PAROREATAE (Παρωρεᾶται/Παρωρεῆται, αἱ)

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PAROS (Πάρος, ἡ)

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PARTHENION (Mount) (τὸ Παρθένιον ὄρος)

PARTHENIUS RIVER (ὁ Παρθένιος ποταμός)

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PARTHIANS (Πάρθοι, οἱ)

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PASARGADAE (Πασαργάδαι)

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PASICLES (Πασικλέης, ὁ)

PATAECUS (Πάταικος, ὁ)

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PATAIKOI (Πατάϊκοι, οἱ)

REFERENCES

PATARA (Πάταρα, τά)

REFERENCES

PATARBEMIS (Πατάρβημις, ὁ)

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PATIRAMPHES (Πατιράμφης, ὁ)

PATIZEITHES (Πατιζείθης, ὁ)

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PATRAE (Πάτραι, αἱ)

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PATUMUS (Πάτουμος πόλις)

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PAUSANIAS (Παυσανίης, ὁ)

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PAUSICAE (Παυσίκαι, οἱ)

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PAUSIRIS (Παυσῖρις, ὁ)

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PEDASA (Πήδασα, τά)

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PEDERASTY

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PEDIEIS (Πεδιέες, οἱ)

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PEIRAEUS (Πειραιεύς, ὁ)

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PEIRENE (Πειρήνη, ἡ)

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PEIRUS RIVER (ὁ Πεῖρος ποταμός)

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PEISISTRATIDAE (Πεισιστρατίδαι, οἱ)

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PEISISTRATUS (Πεισίστρατος, ὁ) son of Hippocrates

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PEISISTRATUS (Πεισίστρατος, ὁ) son of Nestor

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PEITHAGORAS (Πειθαγόρης, ὁ)

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PELARGIKON (Πελαργικὸν τεῖχος)

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PELASGIANS (Πελασγοί, οἱ)

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PELEUS (Πηλεύς, ὁ)

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PELION (Mount) (Πήλιον, τό)

PELLA (Πέλλα, ἡ)

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PELLENE (Πελλήνη, ἡ)

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PELOPONNESE (Πελοπόννησος, ἡ)

PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE

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PELOPONNESIAN WAR

REFERENCES

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PELOPS (Πέλοψ, ὁ)

REFERENCES

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PELUSIUM (Πηλούσιον, τό)

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PENEIUS RIVER (ὁ Πηνειὸς ποταμός)

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PENELOPE (Πηνελόπη, ἡ)

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PENTHYLUS (Πενθύλος, ὁ)

PERCALUS (Πέρκαλος, ἡ)

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PERCOTE (Περκώτη, ἡ)

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PERDICCAS (Περδίκκης, ὁ)

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PERGAMUS (Πέργαμος τεῖχος)

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PERIALLUS (Περίαλλος, ἡ)

PERIANDER (Περίανδρος, ὁ)

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PERICLES (Περικλέης, ὁ)

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PERILAUS (Περίλεως, ὁ)

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PERINTHUS (Πέρινθος, ἡ)

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PERIOECI (περίοικοι, οἱ)

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PERIPLUS (περίπλους, ὁ)

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PERRHAEBIANS (Περραιβοί, οἱ)

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PERSEPOLIS

REFERENCES

PERSES (Πέρσης, ὁ)

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PERSEUS (Περσεύς, ὁ)

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PERSEUS’ WATCHTOWER (ἡ Περσέος σκοπίη)

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PERSIA

REFERENCES

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PERSIAN WARS

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PERSICA

REFERENCES

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PETRA (Πέτρη, ἡ)

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PHAEDYME (Φαιδύμη, ἡ)

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PHAENIPPUS (Φαίνιππος, ὁ)

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PHAGRES (Φάγρης τεῖχος)

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PHALERUM (Φάληρον, τό)

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PHANAGORAS (Φαναγόρης, ὁ)

PHANES (Φάνης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

PHARAE (Φαραί, αἱ)

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PHARANDATES (Φαρανδάτης, ὁ)

PHARBAÏTHIS (ὁ Φαρβαιθίτης νομός)

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PHARNACES (Φαρνάκης, ὁ)

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PHARNASPES (Φαρνάσπης, ὁ)

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PHARNAZATHRES (Φαρναζάθρης, ὁ)

PHARNUCHES (Gr. Φαρνούχης, ὁ; OP *Farnuka‐)

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PHASELIS (Φάσηλις, ὁ)

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PHASIS (Φᾶσις)

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PHAŸLLUS (Φάϋλλος, ò)

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PHEGEUS (Φηγεύς, ὁ)

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PHEIDON (Φείδων, ὁ)

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PHENEOS (Φενεός, ὁ)

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PHERENDATES (Φερενδάτης, ὁ)

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PHERETIME (Φερετίμη, ἡ)

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PHEROS (Φερῶς, ὁ)

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PHIGALEIA (Φιγάλεια, ἡ)

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PHILAGRUS (Φίλαγρος, ὁ)

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PHILAON (Φιλάων, ὁ)

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PHILES (Φιλέης OR Φίλεως, ὁ)

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PHILIP (Φίλιππος, ὁ) son of Argaeus

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PHILIP (Φίλιππος, ὁ) son of Butacides

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PHILIPPIDES (Φιλιππίδης, ὁ)

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PHILISTUS (Φίλιστος, ὁ)

PHILITIS (Φίλιτις, ὁ)

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PHILOCYON (Φιλοκύων, ὁ)

PHILOCYPRUS (Φιλόκυπρος, ὁ)

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PHILOSOPHY

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PHLA (Φλᾶ, ἡ)

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PHLEGRA (Φλέγρη, ἡ)

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PHLEIUS (Φλειοῦς, ὁ)

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PHOCAEA (Φώκαια, ἡ)

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PHOCIS (Φωκίς, ἡ; Φωκέες, οἱ)

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PHOENICIANS (Φοίνικες, οἱ)

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PHOENIX RIVER (ὁ Φοῖνιξ ποταμός)

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PHORMUS (Φόρμος, ὁ)

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PHRAORTES (Φραόρτης, ὁ) father of Deioces

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PHRAORTES (Φραόρτης, ὁ) son of Deioces

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PHRATAGUNE (Φραταγούνη, ἡ)

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PHRIXAE (Φρίξαι, αἱ)

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PHRIXUS (Φρίξος, ὁ)

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PHRONIME (Φρονίμη, ἡ)

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PHRYGIA (Φρυγίη, ἡ)

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PHRYNICHUS (Φρύνιχος, ὁ)

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PHRYNON (Φρύνων, ὁ)

PHTHIOTIS (ἡ Φθιῶτις γῆ)

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PHTHIUS (Φθίος, ὁ)

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PHYE (Φύη, ἡ)

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PHYLACUS (Φύλακος, ὁ)

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PHYLLIS (Φυλλίς)

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PIDASA (Πίδασα, τά)

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PIERES (Πίερες, οἱ)

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PIERIA (Πιερίη, ἡ)

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PIETY

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PIGRES (Πίγρης, ὁ) son of Hysseldomus

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PIGS

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PILLARS OF HERACLES (αἱ Ἡράκλειαι στῆλαι)

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PILORUS (Πίλωρος, ἡ)

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PINDAR (Πίνδαρος, ὁ)

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PINDUS (city) (Πίνδος, ἡ)

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PINDUS MOUNTAINS (Πίνδος, ὁ)

PISA (Πῖσα, ἡ)

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PISTYRUS (Πίστυρος, ἡ)

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PITANE (Πιτάνη, ἡ) in Aeolia

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PITANE (Πιτάνη, ἡ), Sparta

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PITTACUS (Πιττακός, ὁ)

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PIXODARUS (Πιξώδαρος, ὁ)

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PLACIA (Πλακίη, ἡ)

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PLATAEA (Πλάταια, Πλαταιαί)

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PLATEA (ἡ Πλατέα νῆσος)

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PLEISTARCHUS (Πλείσταρχος, ὁ)

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PLEISTORUS (Πλείστωρος, ὁ)

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PLINTHINE GULF (ὁ Πλινθινήτης κόλπος)

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PLUNDER

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PLUTARCH

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PLYNUS HARBOR (Πλυνὸς λιμήν)

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POETRY

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POGON (Πώγων λιμήν)

POLIADES (Πολιάδης, ὁ)

POLICHNE (Chios) (Πολίχνη, ἡ)

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POLICHNE (Πολίχνη, ἡ), Crete

REFERENCE

POLIS (πόλις, ἡ)

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POLLUTION

REFERENCES

POLYAS (Πολύας, ὁ)

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POLYBUS (Πόλυβος, ὁ)

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POLYCRATES (Πολυκράτης, ὁ) of Samos

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POLYCRITUS (Πολύκριτος, ὁ) father of Crius

POLYCRITUS (Πολύκριτος, ὁ) son of Crius

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POLYDAMNA (Πολύδαμνα, ἡ)

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POLYDECTES (Πολυδέκτης, ὁ)

POLYDORUS (Πολύδωρος, ὁ) son of Alcamenes

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POLYDORUS (Πολύδωρος, ὁ) son of Cadmus

POLYMNESTUS (Πολύμνηστος, ὁ)

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POLYNEICES (Πολυνείκης, ὁ)

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PORATA (PYRETUS) RIVER (ὁ Πόρατα [Πυρετός] ποταμός)

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POSEIDON (Ποσειδέων, ὁ)

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POSEIDONIA (Ποσειδωνία, ἡ)

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POSEIDONIUS (Ποσειδώνιος, ὁ)

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POSIDEION (Ποσιδήιον, τό)

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POTEIDAEA (Ποτείδαια, ἡ)

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POTNIAE (Πότνιαι, αἱ)

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POWELL, JOHN ENOCH

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PRAESUS (Πραισός, ἡ)

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PRAISE

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PRASIAS (LAKE) (ἡ Πρασιάς λίμνη)

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PRAXILAUS (Πρηξίλεως, ὁ)

PRAXINUS (Πρηξῖνος, ὁ)

PRAYER

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PREXASPES (Πρηξάσπης, ὁ), officer of Cambyses

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PREXASPES (Πρηξάσπης, ὁ) son of Aspathines

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PRIAM (Πρίαμος, ὁ)

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PRIENE (Πριήνη, ἡ)

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PRIESTS AND PRIESTESSES

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PRINETADES (Πρινητάδης, ὁ)

PRISONERS OF WAR

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PROCLES (Προκλέης, ὁ) of Epidaurus

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PROCLES (Προκλέης, ὁ) son of Aristodemus

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PROCONNESUS (Προκόννησος, ἡ)

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PROLOGUE

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PROMENEIA (Προμένεια, ἡ)

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PROMETHEUS (Προμηθεύς, ὁ)

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PROOF

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PROPHECY (χρησμός, ὁ)

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PROPONTIS (Προποντίς, ἡ)

PROSE

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PROSKYNESIS

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PROSOPITIS (ἡ Προσωπῖτις νῆσος)

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PROSTITUTION

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PROTESILAUS (Πρωτεσίλεως, ὁ)

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PROTEUS (Πρωτεύς, ὁ)

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PROTOTHYES (Προτοθύης, ὁ)

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PROVERBS

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PROXENOS (πρόξεινος, ὁ)

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PRYTANEION (πρυτανήϊον, τό)

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PRYTANIS (Πρύτανις, ὁ)

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PSAMMENITUS (Ψαμμήνιτος, ὁ)

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PSAMMETICHUS (Ψαμμήτιχος, ὁ) father of Inaros

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PSAMMETICHUS (Ψαμμήτιχος, ὁ) son of Necos

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PSAMMIS (Ψάμμις, ὁ)

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PSYLLIANS (Ψύλλοι, οἱ)

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PSYTTALEIA (Ψυττάλεια, ἡ)

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PTERIA (Πτερίη, ἡ)

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PTOION (Πτῷον ἱρόν)

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PUNISHMENT

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PYLOS (Πύλος, ἡ; οἱ Πύλιοι)

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PYRAMIDS (πυραμίδες, αἱ; Eg. mr)

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PYRENE (Πυρήνη πόλις)

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PYRGUS (Πύργος, ἡ)

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PYTHAGORAS (Πυθαγόρης, ὁ) of Miletus

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PYTHAGORAS (Πυθαγόρης, ὁ) son of Mnesarchus

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PYTHEAS (Πυθέης, ὁ) father of Lampon

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PYTHEAS (Πυθέης, ὁ) father of Nymphodorus

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PYTHEAS (Πυθέης, ὁ) son of Ischenous

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PYTHERMUS (Πύθερμος, ὁ)

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PYTHIA (Πυθίη, ἡ)

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PYTHIOI (Πύθιοι, οἱ)

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PYTHIUS (Πύθιος, ὁ)

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PYTHOGENES (Πυθογένης, ὁ)

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R

RAPE

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RAWLINSON, HENRY AND GEORGE

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REBELLION (ἀπόστασις, ἡ)

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RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

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RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, CHRISTIAN

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RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, 1350–1750

EDITIONS AND TRANSLATIONS

HISTORIOGRAPHY

HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHIC, AND ETHNOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

LITERARY USES

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RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, 1750–1900

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RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, 1900–PRESENT

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RECIPROCITY

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RELIABILITY

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RELIGION, GREEK

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RELIGION, HERODOTUS’ VIEWS ON

HERODOTUS ON THE GODS OF FOREIGN PEOPLES

HERODOTUS’ DISCUSSION OF “GREEK” RELIGION

GREEK RELIGION AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL IN THE HISTORIES

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RELIGION, PERSIAN

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RHAMPSINITUS (Ῥαμψίνιτος, ὁ)

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RHEGIUM (Ῥήγιον, τὸ)

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RHENAEA (Ῥηναίη, ἡ)

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RHETORIC

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RHODES (Ῥόδος, ἡ)

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RHODOPE (Mount) (Ῥοδόπη ὄρος)

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RHODOPIS (Ῥοδῶπις, ἡ)

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RHOECUS (Ῥοῖκος, ὁ)

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RHOETEIUM (Ῥοίτ(ε)ιον πόλις)

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RHYPES (Ῥύπες, οἱ)

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RING COMPOSITION

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RITUAL (RELIGIOUS)

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RIVERS (ποταμοί, οἱ)

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ROYAL ROAD

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S. SABACOS (∑αβακῶς, ὁ)

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SABYLLUS (∑άβυλλος, ὁ)

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SACAE (∑άκαι, οἱ)

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SACRED WAY (ἡ ἱρὴ ὁδός)

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SACRIFICE

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SACRILEGE

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SADYATTES (∑αδυάττης, ὁ)

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SAGARTIANS (∑αγάρτιοι, οἱ)

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SAIS (ἡ ∑άϊς πόλις)

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SALAMIS (∑αλαμίς, ἡ) on Cyprus

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SALAMIS (∑αλαμίς, ἡ), island and battle

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SALE (∑άλη, ἡ)

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SALMOXIS (∑άλμοξις, ὁ)

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SALMYDESSUS (∑αλμυδησσός, ὁ)

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SAMIUS (∑άμιος, ὁ)

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SAMOS (∑άμος, ἡ)

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SAMOTHRACE (∑αμοθρηίκη, ἡ)

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SANDANIS (∑άνδανις, ὁ)

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SANDOCES (∑ανδώκης, ὁ)

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SANE (∑άνη, ἡ)

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SAPAEANS (∑απαῖοι, οἱ)

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SAPPHO (∑απϕώ, ἡ)

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SARANGAE (∑αράγγαι, οἱ)

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SARDANAPALLUS (∑αρδανάπαλλος, ὁ)

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SARDINIA (∑αρδώ, ἡ)

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SARDIS (∑άρδιες, αἱ)

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SARPEDON (∑αρπηδών, ὁ)

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SARPEDON, CAPE (∑αρπηδονίη ἄκρη)

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SARTE (∑άρτη, ἡ)

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SASPEIRES (∑άσπειρες, οἱ)

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SATASPES (∑ατάσπης, ὁ)

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SATRAE (∑άτραι, οἱ)

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SATRAPIES (σατραπηίαι, αἱ)

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SATTAGYDAE (∑ατταγύδαι, οἱ)

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SAULIUS (∑αύλιος, ὁ)

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SAUROMATIANS (∑αυρομάται, οἱ)

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SCAEUS (∑καῖος, ὁ)

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SCAMANDER (∑κάμανδρος, ὁ)

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SCAMANDRONYMUS (∑καμανδρώνυμος, ὁ)

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SCAPTESYLE (∑καπτησύλη, ἡ)

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SCEIRONIAN ROAD (ἡ ∑κειρωνὶς ὅδος)

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SCHOLARSHIP ON HERODOTUS, ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

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SCHOLARSHIP ON HERODOTUS, RENAISSANCE AND EARLY MODERN

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SCHOLARSHIP ON HERODOTUS, 1750–1945

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SCHOLARSHIP ON HERODOTUS, 1945–2018

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS ENTRY

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SCHOLIA

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SCIATHOS (∑κίαθος, ἡ)

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SCIDRUS (∑κίδρος, ἡ)

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SCIENCE

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SCIONE (∑κιώνη, ἡ)

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SCITON (∑κίτων, ὁ)

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SCIUS RIVER (ὁ ∑κίος ποταμός)

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SCOLOPOEIS (∑κολοπόεις, ὁ)

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SCOLOTI (∑κόλοτοι, οἱ)

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SCOLUS (∑κῶλος, ἡ)

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SCOPADAE (∑κοπάδαι, οἱ)

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SCOPASIS (∑κώπασις, ὁ)

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SCULPTURE

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SCYLACE (∑κυλάκη, ἡ)

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SCYLAX (∑κύλαξ, ὁ) of Caryanda

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SCYLAX (∑κύλαξ, ὁ) of Myndus

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SCYLES (∑κύλης, ὁ)

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SCYLLIAS (∑κυλλίης, ὁ)

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SCYRMIADAE (∑κυρμιάδαι, οἱ)

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SCYROS (∑κῦρος, ἡ)

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SCYTHES (∑κύθης, ὁ) son of Heracles

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SCYTHIANS (∑κύθαι, οἱ)

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SEA(s)

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SEBENNYTUS, SEBENNYTIC (∑εβεννύτης, ∑εβεννυτικός)

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SELENE (∑ελήνη, ἡ)

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SELINUS (∑ελινοῦς, ὁ)

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SELYMBRIA (∑ηλυμβρίη, ἡ)

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SEMELE (∑εμέλη, ἡ)

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SEMIRAMIS (∑εμίραμις, ἡ)

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SENNACHERIB (∑αναχάριβος, ὁ)

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SEPEIA (∑ήπεια, ἡ)

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SEPIAS, CAPE (∑ηπιάς (ἀκτή), ἡ)

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SERBONIS LAKE (∑ερβωνὶς λίμνη)

REFERENCE

SERIPHOS (∑έριϕος, ἡ)

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SERMYLE (∑ερμύλη, ἡ)

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SERREIUM, CAPE (∑έρρειον ἄκρη)

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SESOSTRIS (∑έσωστρις, ὁ)

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SESTOS (∑ηστός, ἡ)

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SETHOS (∑εθῶς, ὁ)

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SEVEN SAGES

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SEX

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SHAME

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SHIPS AND SAILING

TYPES AND SUB‐TYPES

SAILING, ROUTES, AND MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE

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SHORT STORIES

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SICANIA (∑ικανίη, ἡ)

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SICELS (∑ικελοί, οἱ)

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SICILY (∑ικελίη, ἡ)

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SICINNUS (∑ίκιννος, ὁ)

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SICYON (∑ικυών, ὁ)

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SIDON (Gr. ∑ιδών, ἡ; Phoen. Ṣdn)

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SIEGE WARFARE

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SIGEIUM (∑ίγειον, τό)

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SIGYNNAE (∑ιγύνναι, οἱ)

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SILENUS (∑ιληνός, ὁ)

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SILVER (ἄργυρος, ὁ)

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SIMONIDES OF CEOS (∑ιμωνίδης, ὁ)

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SINDIANS (∑ίνδοι, οἱ)

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SINDUS (∑ίνδος πόλις)

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SINGUS (∑ίγγος, ἡ)

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SINOPE (∑ινώπη, ἡ)

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SIOUPH (∑ιοὺϕ πόλις)

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SIPHNOS (∑ίϕνος, ἡ)

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SIRIOPAEONIANS (∑ιριοπαίονες, οἱ)

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SIRIS (Italy) (∑ῖρις, ἡ)

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SIRIS (∑ῖρις, ἡ) in Paeonia

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SIROMITRES (∑ιρομίτρης, ὁ)

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SIROMUS (∑ίρωμος, ὁ)

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SISAMNES (∑ισάμνης, ὁ)

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SISIMACES (∑ισιμάκης, ὁ)

SITALCES (∑ιτάλκης, ὁ)

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SITHONIA (∑ιθωνίη, ἡ)

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SLAVERY

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SMERDIS (∑μέρδις, ὁ)

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SMERDOMENES (∑μερδομένης, ὁ)

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SMILA (∑μίλα, ἡ)

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SMINDYRIDES (∑μινδυρίδης, ὁ)

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SMYRNA (∑μύρνη, ἡ)

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SNAKES

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SOCLES (∑ωκλέης, ὁ)

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SOFTNESS

REFERENCES

SOGDIANS (∑όγδοι, οἱ)

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SOLI (∑όλοι, οἱ)

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SOLOEIS (∑ολόεις ἄκρη)

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SOLON (∑όλων, ὁ)

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SOLYMIANS (∑όλυμοι, οἱ)

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SOPHANES (∑ωϕάνης, ὁ)

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SOPHISTS

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SOPHOCLES (∑οϕοκλῆς, ὁ)

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SOSIMENES (∑ωσιμένης, ὁ)

SOSTRATUS (∑ώστρατος, ὁ)

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SOURCE CITATIONS

REFERENCES

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SOURCES FOR HERODOTUS

REFERENCES

SPARGAPEITHES (∑παργαπείθης, ὁ)

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SPARGAPISES (∑παργαπίσης, ὁ)

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SPARTA (∑πάρτη, ἡ)

FOREIGN POLICY

DOMESTIC POLICY

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SPEECHES

REFERENCES

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SPERCHEIUS RIVER (ὁ ∑περχειὸς ποταμός)

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SPERTHIAS (∑περθίης, ὁ) and BULIS (Βοῦλις, ὁ)

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SPHENDALE (∑ϕενδαλή, ἡ)

STAGEIRA (∑τάγιρος, ἡ)

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STASIS

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STEIN, HEINRICH

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STENTORIS, LAKE (∑τεντορὶς λίμνη)

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STENYCLERUS (∑τενύκληρος, ἡ)

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STESAGORAS (∑τησαγόρης, ὁ)

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STESENOR (∑τησήνωρ, ὁ)

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STESILAUS (∑τησίλεως, ὁ)

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STRABO

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STRATOPEDA (∑τρατόπεδα, τά)

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STRATTIS (∑τράττις, ὁ)

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STRUCHATES (∑τρούχατες, οἱ)

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STRYME (∑τρύμη, ἡ)

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STRYMON (∑τρυμών, ὁ)

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STYMPHALIAN LAKE (∑τυμϕηλὶς λίμνη)

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STYRA (∑τύρα, τὰ)

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STYX (∑τύξ, ἡ)

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SUICIDE

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SUNIUM (∑ούνιον, τό)

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SUPPLIANTS

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SUSA (∑οῦσα, τά)

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SYAGRUS (∑ύαγρος, ὁ)

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SYBARIS (∑ύβαρις, ἡ)

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SYENE (∑υήνη, ἡ; Egypt. Swnw)

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SYΕNNESIS (∑υέννεσις, ἡ)

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SYLEOS PLAIN (∑υλέος πεδίον)

REFERENCE

SYLOSON (∑υλοσῶν, ὁ)

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SYMBOLS AND SIGNS

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SYME (∑ύμη, ἡ)

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SYRACUSE (∑υρήκουσαι, αἱ)

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SYRIA (∑υρίη, ἡ)

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SYRIANS (∑ύριοι or ∑ύροι, οἱ)

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SYRTIS (∑ύρτις, ἡ)

T. TABALUS (Τάβαλος, ὁ)

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TABITI (Ταβιτί, ἡ)

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TACHOMPSO (Ταχομψώ, ἡ)

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TAENARUM (Ταίναρον, τό)

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TALAUS (Ταλαός, ὁ)

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TALENT (τάλαντον, τό)

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TALTHYBIUS (Ταλθύβιος, ὁ)

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TANAGRA (Τάναγρα, ἡ)

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TANAIS (ὁ Τάναϊς ποταμός)

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TANIS (ὁ Τανίτης νομός)

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TARENTUM (Τάρας, ὁ)

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TARGITAUS (Ταργίταος, ὁ)

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TARICHEIAI (Ταριχεῖαι, αἱ)

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TARTESSUS (Ταρτεσσός, ὁ)

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TAUCHEIRA (Tαύχειρα, τά)

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TAURIANS (Ταῦροι, οἱ)

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TAURIC MOUNTAINS (τὰ Ταυρικὰ ὄρεα)

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TAXACIS (Τάξακις, ὁ)

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TAYGETUS (Τηΰγετον, τό)

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TEARUS RIVER (ὁ Τέαρος ποταμός)

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TEASPIS (Τέασπις, ὁ)

TEGEA (Τεγέη, ἡ)

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TEISAMENUS (Τεισαμενός, ὁ) son of Antiochus

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TEISAMENUS (Τεισαμενός, ὁ) son of Thersander

REFERENCE

TEISANDER (Τείσανδρος, ὁ) father of Hippocleides

REFERENCE

TEISANDER (Τείσανδρος, ὁ) father of Isagoras

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TEISIAS (Τεισίης, ὁ)

TEISPES (Gr. Τεΐσπης, ὁ; OP Čišpiš)

REFERENCES

TELAMON (Τελαμών, ὁ)

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TELEBOANS (Τηλεβόαι, οἱ)

TELECLES (Τηλεκλέης, ὁ)

TELECLUS (Τήλεκλος, ὁ)

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TELEMACHUS (Τηλέμαχος, ὁ)

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TELESARCHUS (Τελέσαρχος, ὁ)

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TELINES (Τηλίνης, ὁ)

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TELLIADAE (Τελλιάδαι, οἱ)

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TELLIAS (Τελλίης, ὁ)

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TELLUS (Τέλλος, ὁ)

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TELMESSIANS (Τελμησσέες, οἱ)

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TELOS (Τῆλος, ἡ)

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TELYS (Τῆλυς, ὁ)

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TEMENOS (Τέμενος, τό) (Euboea)

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TEMENUS, TEMENIDS (Τήμενος, Τημενίδαι)

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TEMNUS (Τῆμνος, ἡ)

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TEMPE (Τέμπεα, τά)

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TEMPLES AND SANCTUARIES

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TENEDOS (Τένεδος, ἡ)

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TENOS (Τῆνος, ἡ)

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TEOS (Τέως, ἡ; Teians, Τήιοι, οἱ)

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TERES (Τήρης, ὁ)

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TERILLUS (Τήριλλος, ὁ)

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TERMERA (Τέρμερα, τά)

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TERMILAE (Τερμίλαι, οἱ)

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TETHRONIUM (Τεθρώνιον, τό)

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TETRAMNESTUS (Τετράμνηστος, ὁ)

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TEUCRIANS (Τευκροί, οἱ)

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TEUTHRANIA (Τευθρανίη, ἡ)

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TEXTILES

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THAGIMASADAS (Θαγιμασάδας, ὁ)

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THALES (Θαλῆς, ὁ)

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THAMANAEANS (Θαμαναῖοι, οἱ)

THAMASIUS (Θαμάσιος, ὁ)

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THANNYRAS (Θαννύρας, ὁ)

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THASOS (Θάσος, ἡ)

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THEARIDAS (Θεαρίδης, ὁ)

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THEBE (θήβη, ἡ)

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THEBES (Boeotian) (Θῆβαι, αἱ)

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THEBES (Egypt) (Θῆβαι, αἱ Αἰγύπτιαι)

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THEFT

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THEMIS (Θέμις, ἡ)

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THEMISCYRA (Θεμισκύρη, ἡ)

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THEMISON (Θεμίσων, ὁ)

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THEMISTOCLES (Θεμιστοκλέης, ὁ)

THEMISTOCLES IN HERODOTUS’ HISTORIES: HIS ROLE IN THE PERSIAN WARS

APPRAISAL OF THEMISTOCLES IN ANCIENT SOURCES

THEMISTOCLES AND SALAMIS

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THEMISTOCLES DECREE

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THEOCYDES (Θεοκύδης, ὁ)

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THEODORUS (Θεόδωρος, ὁ)

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THEOMESTOR (Θεομήστωρ, ὁ)

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THEOPHANIA (θεοφάνια, τά)

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THEOPOMPUS (Θεόπομπος, ὁ), Spartan king

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THEOPOMPUS OF CHIOS

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THERA (Θήρη, ἡ)

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THERAMBOS (Θεράμβως, ἡ)

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THERAPNE (Θεράπνη, ἡ)

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THERAS (Θήρας, ὁ)

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THERMAIC GULF (ὁ Θερμαῖος κόλπος)

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THERME (Θέρμη, ἡ)

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THERMODON (Θερμώδων, ὁ) in Boeotia

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THERMODON (Θερμώδων, ὁ) in Cappadocia

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THERMOPYLAE (Θερμοπύλαι, αἱ)

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THERON (Θήρων, ὁ)

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THERSANDER (Θέρσανδρος, ὁ) of Orchomenus

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THERSANDER (Θέρσανδρος, ὁ) son of Polyneices

THESEUS (Θησεύς, ὁ)

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THESMOPHORIA (Θεσμοφόρια, τά)

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THESPIAE (Θεσπιέες)

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THESPROTIANS (Θεσπρωτοί, οἱ)

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THESSALIOTIS (ἡ Θεσσαλιῶτις γῆ)

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THESSALUS (Θεσσαλός, ὁ)

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THESSALY (Θεσσαλίη, ἡ)

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THESTA (Θέστη, ἡ)

THMUIS (ὁ Θμουΐτης νομός)

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THOAS (θόας, ὁ)

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THŌMATA (θώματα, τά)

ETHNOGRAPHIC WONDERS

Historical thōmata

The Wonder of Others

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THONIS (Θῶνις, ὁ)

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THORAX (Θώρηξ, ὁ)

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THORICUS (Θορικός)

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THORNAX (Θόρναξ, ὁ)

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THRACE (Θρῄκη, ἡ)

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THRASYBULUS (Θρασύβουλος, ὁ)

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THRASYCLES (Θρασυκλῆς, ὁ)

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THRASYDEIUS (Θρασυδήϊος, ὁ)

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THRASYLAUS (Θρασύλεως, ὁ)

THRIASIAN PLAIN (τὸ Θριάσιον πεδίον)

THUCYDIDES

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THURII (Θούριοι, οἱ)

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THYIA (Θυία, ἡ)

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THYNIANS (θυνοί, οἱ)

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THYREAE (Θυρέη, Θυρέαι)

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THYSSAGETAE (Θυσσαγέται, οἱ)

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THYSSUS (θύσσος, ἡ)

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TIARA (τιάρας, ὁ)

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TIARANTUS RIVER (ὁ Τιαραντὸς ποταμός)

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TIBARENIANS (Τιβαρηνοί, οἱ)

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TIBISIS RIVER (ὁ Τίβισις ποταμός)

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TIGRANES (Τιγράνης, ὁ)

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TIGRIS RIVER (ὁ Τίγρης ποταμός)

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TIMAGENIDES (Τιμηγενίδης, ὁ)

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TIMAGORAS (Τιμαγόρας, ὁ)

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TIMANDER (Τιμάνδρος, ὁ)

TIME

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TIMESITHEUS (Τιμεσίθεος, ὁ)

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TIMESIUS (Τιμήσιος, ὁ)

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TIMO (Τιμώ, ἡ)

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TIMODEMUS (Τιμόδημος, ὁ)

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TIMON (Τίμων, ὁ)

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TIMONAX (Τιμῶναξ, ὁ)

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TIMOXEINUS (Τιμόξεινος, ὁ)

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TIRYNS (Τίρυνς, ὁ)

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TITACUS (Τιτακός, ὁ)

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TITHAEUS (Τίθαιος, ὁ)

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TITORMUS (Τίτορμος, ὁ)

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TMOLUS (Mount) (Τμῶλος, ὁ)

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TOMYRIS (Τόμυρις, ἡ)

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TORONE (Τορώνη, ἡ)

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TRACHIS (Τρηχίς, ἡ)

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TRADE

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TRAGEDY

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TRANSLATIONS

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TRAPEZUS (Τραπεζοῦς, ὁ)

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TRASPIES (Τράσπιες, οἱ)

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TRAUSIANS (Τραυσοί, οἱ)

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TRAUSOS RIVER (ὁ Τραῦσος ποταμός)

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TRAVEL

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TRAVEL LITERATURE

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TREACHERY

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TREASURIES (θησαυροί, οἱ)

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TREES (δένδρεα, τὰ)

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TRIBALLIAN PLAIN (τὸ Τριβαλλικὸν πεδίον)

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TRIBUTE (φόρος, ὁ)

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TRIOPIUM (Τριόπιον ἄκρη)

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TRIPOD (τρίπους, ὁ)

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TRIREME (τριήρης, ἡ)

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TRITAEA (Τριταία, ἡ; Τριταιέες, οἱ)

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TRITANTAECHMES (Τριτανταίχμης, ὁ) son of Artabanus

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TRITANTAECHMES (Τριτανταίχμης, ὁ) son of Artabazus

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TRITEIS (Τριτέες)

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TRITON (Τρίτων, ὁ)

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TROEZEN (Τροιζήν, ἡ)

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TROGODYTES (Τρωγοδύται, οἱ)

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TROJAN WAR

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TROPHONIUS (Τροφώνιος, ὁ)

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TROY (Τροίη, ἡ)

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TRUTH

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TYCHĒ (τύχη, ἡ)

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TYDEUS (Τυδεύς, ὁ)

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TYMNES (Τύμνης, ὁ) father of Histiaeus

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TYMNES (Τύμνης, ὁ), official of Ariapeithes

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TYNDAREUS, TYNDARIDAE (Τυνδάρεως, Τυνδαρίδαι)

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TYPHON (Τυφῶν, ὁ)

TYRANTS

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TYRAS RIVER (ὁ Τύρης ποταμός)

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TYRE (Gk. Τύρος, ἡ; Phoen. Ṣôr)

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TYRITAE (Τυρῖται, οἱ)

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TYRODIZA (Τυρόδιζα, ἡ)

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TYRRHENIANS (Τυρσηνοί, οἱ)

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TYRSENUS (Τυρσηνός, ὁ)

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U

UTIANS (Οὔτιοι, οἱ)

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V. VALLA, LORENZO

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VENGEANCE

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VESSELS, DRINKING

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VIEWING

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VIOLENCE

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W. WALLS

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WARFARE

EPIC TRADITION

IONIAN INQUIRY

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

THE CONDUCT OF WAR

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WEALTH AND POVERTY

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WEAPONS AND ARMOR

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WEATHER

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WEEPING

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WHIPPING

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WHITE PILLARS (αἱ Λευκαὶ στῆλαι)

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WHITE POINT (ἡ Λευκὴ ἀκτή)

WINDS

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WINE (οἶνος, ὁ)

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WOMEN IN ANCIENT GREECE

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WOMEN IN THE HISTORIES

REFERENCES

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WRITING

REFERENCES

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X. XANTHES (Ξάνθης, ὁ)

REFERENCE

XANTHIPPUS (Ξάνθιππος, ὁ)

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XANTHUS (Ξάνθος, ἡ)

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XEINAGORAS (Ξειναγόρης, ὁ)

REFERENCES

XENOPHON

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XERXES (Ξέρξης, ὁ)

THE TENDENCIES OF HERODOTUS’ PORTRAIT OF XERXES

XERXES’ REIGN ACCORDING TO HERODOTUS

INVASION OF HELLAS AND CLAIM TO WORLD DOMINION

THE HISTORIES’ IMPACT ON THE MODERN PERCEPTION OF XERXES

REFERENCES

XUTHUS (Ξοῦθος, ὁ)

REFERENCE

Y

Z. ZABATUS RIVER (ὁ Ζάβατος ποταμός)

ZACYNTHUS (Ζάκυνθος, ἡ)

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ZANCLE (Ζάγκλη, ἡ)

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ZAUECES (Ζαύηκες, οἱ)

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ZEUS (Ζεύς, ὁ)

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ZEUXIDAMUS (Ζευξίδημος, ὁ)

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ZONE (Ζώνη, ἡ)

REFERENCE

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ZOPYRUS (1) (Ζώπυρος, ὁ) son of Megabyxus (1)

FURTHER READING

Schmitt, IPGL, 193–95 (no. 154a) ZOPYRUS (2) (Ζώπυρος, ὁ) son of Megabyxus (2)

REFERENCES

ZOSTER (Ζωστήρ, ὁ)

REFERENCES

INDEX

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John W. I. Lee is Associate Professor of History at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His research interests include Greece and Achaemenid Persia, ancient warfare, and the history of African‐American classical scholarship. He is the author of A Greek Army on the March: Soldiers and Survival in Xenophon’s Anabasis (Cambridge University Press, 2008).

Jeremy B. Lefkowitz is Associate Professor of Classics at Swarthmore College. He received his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania in Classical Studies and was awarded a Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome in 2015–16. His recently published work on the ancient fable includes “Innovation and Artistry in Phaedrus’ Morals” (Mnemosyne 70.3 (2017) 417–35); “Grand Allusions: Vergil in Phaedrus” (American Journal of Philology 137 (2016) 487–509); and “Aesop and Animal Fables” (The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life, ed. G. Campbell, Oxford (2014) 1–23).

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