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Группа авторов. American Environmental History
Blackwell Readers in American Social and Cultural History
American Environmental History. Second Edition
Contents
List of Maps
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Series Editor’s Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 The Natures of Indian America Before Columbus
Indian Numbers
Vegetation. The Eastern Forests
Forest Composition
Midwest Prairies and Tropical Savannas
Anthropogenic Tropical Rain Forest
Wildlife
Agriculture. Fields and Associated Features
Erosion
The Built Landscape. Settlement
Mounds
Roads, Causeways, and Trails
Recovery
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Documents. Richard Nelson, “The Watchful World”
A Way of Seeing
From the Distant Time
Personalities in Nature
The Place of Humans in a Natural Order
Nature Spirits and Their Treatment
Treatment of Living Organisms
Treatment of Killed Game
Spirits of the Physical World
The Manifestations of Luck
The Koyukon View of Nature
Gilbert Wilson, Buffalo Bird Woman’s Garden
Dispute and Its Settlement
Beginning a Field in Later Times
Trees in the Garden
The Watchers
Images of Florida Indians Planting and Making an Offering of a Stag to the Sun
Map of Bitterroot Forest Reserve
Further Reading
2 The Other Invaders Deadly Diseases and Extraordinary Animals
Notes
Documents. Frank Givens, “Saynday and Smallpox: The White Man’s Gift”
Rethinking Virgin Soil Epidemics: COVID-19 Death Rates by Age and Race
Thomas James, “Three Years among the Indians and Mexicans”
John C. Ewers, “Horse Breeding”
Important Role of Horse Breeding
Selection of Studs
Maintenance of Color Lines
George Catlin, “Wild Horses at Play”
3 Colonial Natures Marketing the Countryside
Notes
Documents. Robert Cushman, “Reasons and Considerations Touching the Lawfulness of Removing Out of England into the Parts of America”
Lion Gardener, “Livestock and War in Colonial New England”
Spanish Priests Joseph Antonio Murguía and Thomaís de la Peña Explain Indian Frustration with Settler Livestock in Colonial California
Further Reading
4 Slavery and the South Through Environmental History
Towards an Environmental History of the US South
CONCLUSION
Notes
Documents. Newspaper Advertisements for African Slaves “With Knowledge of Rice Growing”
Wilderness Songs of Enslaved People
William Francis Allen, “Slave Songs of the United States”
Testimony from Former Slaves
John F. Van Hook, Ex-Slave, Age 76, Athens, Georgia, Dec. 1, 1938
Lizzie Davis, Ex-Slave, Age Unknown, Marion, South Carolina, Dec. 21, 1937
Frederick Law Olmsted, “The Rice District”
Further Reading
5 Frontier Expansion and Waste
“Wasty Ways”: Stories of American Settlement
Hardships
Dangers
Endurance
Devastation
Epilogue
Notes
Documents. James Fenimore Cooper, “The Wasty Ways of Pioneers”
John J. Audubon, “The Wonder of the Passenger Pigeon”
Passenger Pigeon
Reporting on Passenger Pigeons
Frederick J. Haskin, “One Bird Survives Millions”
Forays Began in 1840
Fowls Caught In Traps
Butchers Had Ready Defence
Passenger Pigeon Gone Forever
Edwin Bryant, “What I Saw in California”
Thomas Cole, “Essay on American Scenery”
Further Reading
6 Environmental Reform in City and Factory
Introduction
The Epidemic: 1832
Notes
Documents “The Conquest of Pestilence in New York City”
“Supressing Nuisances” (1866), “Underground Life – Health Officers Clean Out a Dive” (1873)
San Francisco Fire, 1850s
Los Angeles Crowd Welcomes Water Arriving in Aqueduct and Dynamited Portion of LA Aqueduct
Alice Hamilton Explains the Perils of the Industrial Environment
Smelting, Enameling, and Painting
Further Reading
7 Where the Wild Things Went: Emerging Markets and Vanishing Animals
Notes
Documents. Billy Dixon, “Memories of Buffalo Hunting”
Curing Hides and Bones
Drake Hotel, Thanksgiving Menu, 1886
Plundering the Sea: Baleen and theDestruction of Whales
Utilization of Whalebone
Advertisement for Thomson’s Glove-Fitting Corset
Destroying Birds to Make Hats
Cruelties of Fashion: Fine Feathers Make Fine Birds
Further Reading
8 The Many Uses of Progressive Conservation
Conservation and Class Conflict
Conclusion
Notes
Documents. Gifford Pinchot, “The Meaning of Conservation”
Mr. A. A. Anderson, Special Supervisor of the Yellowstone and Teton Timber Reserves, Talks Interestingly of the Summer’s Work
The Stock Situation
Women Activists Take on Bird Hat Fashion
Charles Askins Describes Game and Hunting Conditions in the South
Ben Senowin Testifies about Being Apprehended for Game Law Violations
Further Reading
9 National Parks and the Trouble with Wilderness
The Time Has Come to Rethink Wilderness
Notes
Documents
Peter Oscar Little Chief Requests Permission to Hunt in Glacier Park
The National Parks Act (1916) and The Wilderness Act (1964)
The National Parks Act (1916)
The Wilderness Act (1964)
Definition of Wilderness
Further Reading
10 Conservation and the New Deal Nature and Nation in Crisis
Landscape and Labor
From Boys to Men
Body Politics
New Deal Conservation
Note
Documents. Ann Marie Lowe, Farmer’s Daughter, Describes the New Deal
Russell Moore, “Roosevelt Riddles”
Photo Gallery – Arthur Rothstein and Dorothea Lange Capture the Dust Bowl
Eli Gorman and Deneh Bitsilly Remember New Deal Livestock Reduction in Navajo Country
Further Reading
11 Something in the Wind: Radiation, Pesticides, Air Pollution and Population
Where We Live, Work, and Play
Situating Bob Marshall
Exploring the Dangerous Trades
Rachel Carson’s Legacy
Interest Group or Social Movement?
Notes
Documents
Stephen M. Spencer, “Fallout: The Silent Killer”
Rachel Carson, “Silent Spring”
Monsanto Corporation, “The Desolate Year”
Hugh Moore, “The Population Bomb”
The Air Pollution Control Act (1955), and the Clean Air Act, with amendments (2001)
An Act
Clean Air Act as Amended (2001)
From United Farm Workers, “Pesticides: The Poisons We Eat”
Further Reading
12 Environmental Protection and the Environmental Movement
A Wholesale Change in Values
Ecology Has Finally Achieved Currency
Notes
Documents. The National Environmental Policy Act (1969)
An Act
PURPOSE
Title I. DECLARATION OF NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
The Endangered Species Act (1973)
An Act
FINDINGS, PURPOSES, AND POLICY
Daniel Yankelovich, “The New Naturalism”
Earth Day, 1970
Mass Movement Begins
Thousands Marched
Special Legislation
500 Invitations
David Hendin, “Black Environmentalists See Another Side of Pollution”
Paul Ehrlich, “The Population Bomb”
Further Reading
13 Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice
The Conflicts Erupt, 1968–1975
Warren County and the Emergence of Environmental Justice, 1978–1983
The Remediation Process: Expediency and Uncertainty
The Initial Opposition: “Not In My Backyard!”
The Coalition is formed
Environmental Racism: Not In African-American Backyards!
Environmentalism Transformed: The Impact of Environmental Justice
Notes
Documents. Lois Gibbs on Toxic Waste and Environmental Justice
United Church of Christ, “Toxic Wastes andRace in the United States”
The Letter that Shook a Movement
Flint Water Advisory Task Force, “Final Report”
Executive Summary. Summary Statement
A Series of Government Failures
Background. Flint, Michigan
Water Crisis
State-Appointed Emergency Managers. Defined Role
Discussion
Perspectives from Flint
The Reality of Environmental Injustice. Discussion
Flint Recovery / Remediation
Further Reading
14 Global Consumers and Global Environments
I. Introduction: Taking The Train From Walden
II. Consumption, Environmental History, and Spatial Analysis
III. Lost in the Supermarket; or Breakfast at Thoreau’s
IV. Conclusion: Spatial Stories, Complex Politics
Notes
Documents. Paul C. Standley Reports on Bananas in Honduras, 1931
SECOND GROWTH
Impact of Coffee Farming on Indigenous Peoples
State of Denial – California’s Appetite for World Resources
By Tom Knudson - Bee Staff Writer
Further Reading
15 Backlash Against the Environmental Movement
Wilderness and the Public Interest
The Sagebrush Rebellion and States’ Rights
Wise Use and the New Right
Conclusion
Notes
Documents. Map of US Federal Lands
Tim Peckinpaugh, “Special Report – The Specter of Environmentalism: The Threat of Environmental Groups”
The Specter Of Environmentalism: The Threat Of Environmental Groups
Introduction
The Influence of Environmental Organizations
Objectives of Environmental Groups
The Minority Status of Environmentalism
EXAMPLES OF THE SPECTER OF ENVIRONMENTALISM
Media Manipulation
Manipulation of the Courts
Infiltration of Academia
Federal Funding of Environmental Activism Groups
Conclusion
ENDNOTES
Joe Lane (National Cattlemen’s Association) and Larry Echohawk (Shoshone and Bannock Tribes of Idaho) Testify about the Sagebrush Rebellion
Carl Pope, “The Politics of Plunder”
S. Fred Singer, “The Costs of Environmental Overregulation”
Mark Douglas Whitaker, “‘Jobs vs. Environment’ Myth”
(Institute for Southern Studies news release, 18 November 2000.) States Ranked on Economic and Environmental Health
Further Reading
16 Shifting Scale: Change and Global Peril
Introduction
The Demise of Climate Determinism
The Rise of Climate Reductionism
The Hegemony of Model Predictions of the Future
The Absence of Theory about Climate-Society Interactions
The Epistemic Community of Global Climate Modelling
The Asymmetrical Incorporation of Climate and Social Change into Envisaged Futures
Putting Society Back into the Future
Notes
Documents. Ben J. Wattenberg, “Never Mind the Population Explosion”
United Nations, “World Population Prospects”
World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights
Ten key findings
Economic Growth and Air Emission Trends
The Relentless Rise of Carbon Dioxide
The Acid Rain Experience
“Sulfur Dioxide Air Quality 1980–2018”
The Triumph of Diplomacy? Atmospheric CFC Concentrations
California Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2000–2017
Further Reading
Index
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