A Social and Cultural History of Republican Rome

A Social and Cultural History of Republican Rome
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Provides students with a balanced understanding of the key aspects of the culture and society of the Roman Republic  A Social and Cultural History of Republican Rome  is the first undergraduate textbook of its kind to concentrate on the ways Roman societal structures, family dynamics, visual arts, law, religion, and other cultural and intellectual developments contributed to Roman identity between 509 BCE and 14 CE. Drawing from a diverse range of archaeological, epigraphic, and literary sources, author Eric M. Orlin provides insight into the socio-cultural and intellectual issues that shaped both the Roman Republic and the wider Mediterranean world.  Thematically organized chapters address the practice of politics in the Roman Republic, explain the concept of patronage and the distinctions between patricians and plebeians, examine the impact of the army and militarism on Roman society, discuss the ties between Roman religion and the Roman state, and more. Chapters include maps, charts, images, and links to further readings in ancient sources and modern scholarship. Throughout the text, discussion of several recurring themes connects individual chapters while helping students critically engage the material.  A Social and Cultural History of Republican Rome:  Focuses on themes other than politics and the military, such as the position and role of women in the Roman family, the foundation of the Roman legal system, and the topography and growth of the city of Rome Introduces the basic materials available for the study of the Roman Republic, including written, architectural, and numismatic sources Features a brief narrative history of the Roman Republic and an overview of the text’s methodological framework Establishes key points of discussion for students, using comparisons between Roman society and our modern-day world Encourages students to critically examine the problems and issues raised by the material Covering topics in Roman history that are frequently neglected in undergraduate classrooms,  A Social and Cultural History of Republican Rome  is an excellent primary or supplementary textbook for courses on the Roman Republic as well as broader Roman history classes that incorporate socio-cultural issues.

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Группа авторов. A Social and Cultural History of Republican Rome

Wiley Blackwell Social and Cultural Histories of the Ancient World

A Social and Cultural History of Republican Rome

Contents

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

Acknowledgments

Timeline of Roman History

Introduction: We Are All Historians

A Note on the Text

1 What Is Historical Thinking?

Literary Sources

Exploring Culture: Could the Average Roman Read?

Working with Sources

Material Culture

Archaeology

Inscriptions

Coins

Political Issues: Using Coins to Tell Your Story

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

2 How Do We Tell the Story?

Working with Sources

An Outline History of the Roman Republic. The First Hundred Years

The Growth of Rome

Key Debates: How Did the Romans Come to Rule the Mediterranean?

Political Issues: Are We Rome?

The Growth of Political Discord

Marking Time

Early, Middle, and Late Republics

Conclusion: Historical Narratives

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

3 The Building Blocks of Roman Society

Political Issues: Senatus Populusque Romanus

Rome as a City-state. Patrons and Clients

Key Debates: Did Patronage Determine Roman Elections?

Rich and Poor

Working with Sources

Men and Women

Free and Enslaved and Freed

Rome as a Mediterranean Empire

Patronage and Wealth

Women

Enslaved and Freed Persons

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

4 The Practice of Politics

What Was the Roman Republic?

The Roman System: Formal Structures

Key Debates: Democracy in Rome?

The System: Informal Structures

Working with SourcesHow to Win an Election Campaign

Women and Roman Politics

Exploring Culture: Hortensia and the Women of Rome

Limitations on Politicians

The Late Republic

Political Issues:Who Was Tiberius Gracchus?

Julius Caesar and the End of the Republic

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

5 The Roman Family

An Overview of the Roman Family. Patria Potestas

Marriage

Children

Key Debates: Did Romans Love Their Children?

Changes in the Roman Family

Changes in Women’s Position

Conclusion: Family Values

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

6 Gender and Sexuality

Sex and Gender

Sexuality

Working with Sources: The Explicit Paintings of Pompeii

Gender Roles

Women

Men

Political Issues: A Woman Behaving Badly

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

7 Outsiders

Rome and Italy: The Early Republic. Cultural Acceptance

Exploring Culture: Cato the Elder

Political Acceptance

Political Issues: Roman Colonization, the Bulwark of Empire?

A Test of the System: Hannibal and the Second Punic War

The Impact of Expansion

Working with Sources The Color of Ancient Art

Outsiders Across the Seas

Key Debates: Race in Ancient Rome?

Outsiders at Home: The Italians

The Augustan Aftermath

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

8 Religion

What Is Roman Religion? Defining Religio

Key Debate: What Personal Religious Beliefs Did People Hold in Ancient Rome?

Public Religion

Political Issues: Telling Time in Ancient Rome

Domestic Religion

Changes in Roman Religion. The Tradition of Absorbing Foreign Cults

Exploring Culture: “Calling out” the Gods

Bacchus and the Magna Mater

Working with Sources The SC de Bacchanalibus

Continuity and Change

The Late Republic

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

9 Law

The Twelve Tables

Exploring Culture: Getting Away with Murder?

Procedure

Status

Property

The Twelve Tables in Context

Political Issues: Character Matters

The Early Development of Roman Law

Key Debates: Who Lay Down the Law in Rome?

The Effects of Expansion on Roman Law

Regulating Wealth

The Rise of Specialists

The Late Republic

The Introduction of Permanent Courts

Working with Sources: The lex Cornelia on Counterfeiting

The Breakdown of Public Law

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

10 The Military

The Army in Early Rome. Warfare in the Early Republic

Organization of the Roman Army

Army and Society: The Elite

Political Issues: The Roman Triumph

Army and Society: Ordinary Citizens

Working with Sources

Explanations for Success

Exploring Culture: All Roads Lead to Rome

The Beginnings of an Imperial Army

Professionalization of the Roman Army

Key Debates: Roman Manpower in the Second Century

The Army and Politics in the Late Republic

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

11 The Economy

The Agricultural Basis of the Early Roman Economy. The Position of Farmers

Subsistence Farming in Ancient Italy

Coinage and the Beginning of a Market Economy

Slavery in the Roman Republic

Key Debates: What Is a Slave Society?

Exploring Culture: The Reality of Slavery

Changes in the Roman Economy

Agricultural Changes?

Working with Sources

The Rise of Business Partnerships

Political Issues: A Rare Roman Case of Fighting Corruption

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

12 The City of Rome

The Beginnings of the City

Archaic Rome

Key Debates: The Spatial Turn

Censorial Building and the Growth of Rome

Temples and Other Military Monuments

Working with Sources

Publica Magnificentia Political Issues:

New Directions in the Middle Republic

Exploring Culture: Home Is Where the Public Is

The Late Republican Transformation

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

13 Roman Arts and Letters

The Early and Middle Republic. Early Roman Art

The Beginnings of Roman Literature

On the World Stage

Late Republican Art

Key Debates: What’s Roman about a Greek Statue?

Exploring Culture: An Odd Coupling: The “Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus”

Late Republican Literature

Working with Sources

Political Issues: A Voice Crying in the Desert?

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Further Reading

Ancient Authors

Notable Figures from Roman History

Glossary

Index

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This series offers a fresh approach to the study of ancient history,seeking to illuminate the social and cultural history often obscuredby political narratives. The books in the series will emphasize themes in socialand cultural history, such as slavery, religion, gender, age, medicine, technology,and entertainment. Books in the series will be engaging, thought provokingaccounts of the classical world, designed specifically for studentsand teachers in the classroom.

Published

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Polybius’ greatest value to the social and cultural historian may actually lie in the fact that he often appears as what we might call a cultural anthropologist. As a Greek living in Rome, Polybius found himself confronted with customs and behaviors that seemed strange to him. In his concern to explain the Romans to his countrymen, he took the time to describe things that Roman authors took for granted. For instance, our best description of a Roman funeral comes from Polybius, and he also left us a detailed discussion of the Roman government. We still need to ask questions of Polybius; as a Greek, he often used his Greek experience to understand Roman customs, and on occasion seems to have misunderstood Roman behavior because of that perspective. However, he often provides us with crucial data missing from Roman sources, and the fact that he was present in Rome during a crucial period in Rome’s expansion makes him an invaluable resource.

Another Greek deserves mention in this regard: the biographer and moralist Plutarch (45–127 CE). Although he wrote substantially later than the people he described, Plutarch was able to draw upon many sources contemporary with those individuals that no longer survive for us. Among his numerous writings, Plutarch wrote a series of Parallel Lives, matching a figure from Roman history with one from Greece. Perhaps the greatest value for our study lies in the fact that he included many details about the private or personal lives of the people involved, allowing us to learn something of the practices of the Roman upper class. At the same time, we need again to ask about Plutarch’s purpose in writing: in most cases he aimed to provide a moral lesson from these lives and he explicitly matched his pairs in order to draw moral comparisons between the Greek and the Roman.

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