Оглавление
Группа авторов. Where in the World is the Berlin Wall?
WHERE IN THE WORLD IS THE BERLIN WALL?
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
FROM THE BUILDING OF THE BERLIN WALL TO THE FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE DIVISION
GERMANY UNDER OCCUPATION AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR3
RESTRICTIONS BETWEEN ZONES AND SECURING THE DEMARCATION LINE
THE BERLIN ULTIMATUM AND CRISIS
THE GDR BEFORE THE BUILDING OF THE WALL
DECISION TO BUILD THE WALL AND PREPARATIONS TO CLOSE THE BORDER
CLOSING THE BORDER AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF BUILDING THE WALL26
POLITICAL REACTION
ESCAPCE AND ESCAPE AID AFTER THE BUILDING OF THE WALL
PGRADING AND PERFECTING THE BORDER INSTALLATIONS38
SHOOT-TO-KILL ORDER AND FATALITIES
HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTIONS AS A SIGN OF THE DÉTENTE POLICY
PEACEFUL REVOLUTION AND THE FALL OF THE WALL47
DEMOLOSHING THE WALL
“THERE ARE PLENTY OF GOOD REASONS NOT TO LOSE SIGHT OF THE 13TH AUGUST”1. REMEMBERING THE WALL SINCE 1990
FROM 9TH-13TH AUGUST
SO WHERE WAS THE WALL?
THE CONFLICT SURROUNDING COMMEMORATING THE WALL
FORGOTTEN VICTIMS
“GUERILLA REMEMBRANCE” AND VISIBLE COMMEMORATION
TIRANA. ALBANIA. Location: Martyrs of the Nation Boulevard
BRUSSELS. BELGIUM. Location: European Parliament Parc Léopold
Berliner Mauer
Mur de Berlin
De Berlijnse Muur
The Berlin Wall
BRUSSELS. BELGIUM. Location: Mini Europe, Bruparck
BRUSSELS. BELGIUM. Location: In front of the headquarters of the European Commission, Rue de la Loi / Wetstraat 200
BRUSSELS. BELGIUM. Location: In front of the NATO Headquarters, Boulevard Leopold III
CASTEAU AT MONS. BELGIUM. Location: SHAPE, Military Headquarters of NATO
GHENT. BELGIUM. Location: Next to the Gravensteen Castle
GHENT. BELGIUM. Location: In front of the main building at Flanders Expo, Maaltekouter 1
ZWEVEZELE WINGENE. BELGIUM. Location: Ricksteenweg 6
SOFIA. BULGARIA. Location: Boulevard Bulgaria, next to the National Palace of Culture
ZAGREB. CROATIA. Location: In front of the Croatian German embassy and Goethe-Institute, Ulica grade Vukovara
LANGELAND. DENMARK. Location: Cold War Museum Langelandsfort, Vognsbjergvej 4B, Bagenkop
NYKØBING. DENMARK. Location: Holtets plads
ODENSE. DENMARK. Location: Sculpture Garden Odense, Galerie Jens Galschiøt, Banevänget 22
TALLINN. ESTONIA. Location: Vabamu, Museum of Occupations and Freedom, Toompea 8
KUOPIO. FINLAND. Location: Private company premises
TAMPERE. FINLAND. Location: Museum Centre Vapriikki, Alaverstaanraitti 5, 33101 Tampere
CAEN. FRANCE. Location: Mémorial de Caen, Esplanade Général Eisenhower
COLOMBES. FRANCE. Location: Institution Jeanne-d’Arc, 9 Boulevard Valmy
DEAUVILLE. FRANCE. Location: Blangy le Chateau (Private property)
JARNAC. FRANCE. Location: La Gibauderie (Private property)
PARIS. FRANCE. Location: Place de Coupole, La Défense
PARIS. FRANCE. Location: Esplanade du 9 Novembre 1989, 15. Arrondissement
PARIS. FRANCE. Location: In front of the Maison de la Radio, 116 avenue du Président Kennedy
SAUMUR. FRANCE. Location: Musée des Blindés, 1043 route de Fontevraud
STRASBOURG. FRANCE. Location: In front of the Palace of Human Rights at the European Court of Human Rights, Avenue de l’Europe
VERDUN. FRANCE. Location: Centre Mondial de la Paix, des Libertés et des Droites de l’Hommes, Place Mgr Ginisty
TIFLIS. GEORGIA. Location: Europe Square
THE BERLIN WALL IN GERMANY. OR WHAT IS LEFT OF IT. Tina Schaller and Moritz Reininghaus
“THE WALL HAS TO STAY”
EAST SIDE GALLERY
DIVIDED CITY MEMORIALS IN THE UNIFIED CITY
TELTOW GALLERY
THE EDITION VISIBLE WALL
THE WALL INITIATIVE OF AXEL SPRINGER SE
THE WALL IN THE FORMER CHANCELLOR’S GARDEN
“CIRCULAR DAY” ON 5TH FEBRUARY 2018
30 YEARS OF THE FALL OF THE WALL
PLACE OF PROTEST
COSFORD. GREAT BRITAIN. Location: Royal Air Force Museum Cosford, Lysander Avenue
GILLINGHAM. GREAT BRITAIN. Location: Royal Engineers Museum, Prince Arthur Road
LONDON. GREAT BRITAIN. Location: Imperial War Museum, Lambeth Road
LONDON. GREAT BRITAIN. Location: National Army Museum, Royal Hospital Road, Chelsea
LONDON. GREAT BRITAIN. Location: Deutsche Schule London, Douglas House, Petersham Road, Richmond
WAKEFIELD, BRETTON HALL. GREAT BRITAIN. Location: Yorkshire Sculpture Park
THESSALONIKI. GREECE. Location: Garden of the Goethe-Institut, Vasilissis Olgas 66
BUDAPEST. HUNGARY. Location: In the garden of the Budapest Malteser Hilfsdienst
BUDAPEST. HUNGARY. Location: In front of the Terror Háza, Andrássy út 60
REYKJAVIK. ICELAND. Location: Borgartún 105, opposite the house Höfði
LISMORE. IRELAND. Location: Lismore Castle Gardens
ALBINEA. ITALY. Location: “Renzo Pezzani” primary school, Via Quasimodo 2
MERONE. ITALY. Location: Holcim S.p.A., Via Volta 1
MODENA. ITALY. Location: Galleria Europe, Piazza Grande 16
SPILAMBERTO. ITALY. Location: Parco della Rocca Rangoni
RIGA. LATVIA. Location: At Kronvalds Parks, Elizabetes iela 2
VILNIUS. LITHUANIA. Location: Europos Parkas, Joneikiškės
SCHENGEN. LUXEMBOURG. Location: Centre Européen, Rue Robert Goebbels
MONACO. MONACO. Location: Station Monaco-Monte Carlo
GDAŃSK. POLAND. Location: Gdansk Shipyard, Crossing ul. Wały Piastowskie und ul. Kupiecka
KRZYŻOWA. POLAND. Location: Fundacja “Krzyżowa” dla Porozumienia Europejskiego / International Youth Meeting Centre Kreisau
POWIAT BIALSKI. POLAND. Location: Międzyrzec Podlaski, Kobylany and Terespol
SOSNÓWKA. POLAND
WARSAW. POLAND. Location: Mt. 5,14. Muzeum Jana Pawła II i Prymasa Wyszyńskiego, ulica Prymasa Augusta Hlonda 1
FÁTIMA. PORTUGAL. Location: Santuario em Fátima
PITEŞTI. ROMANIA. Location: Piteşti Prison Memorial, Strada Negru-Vodă 30
TIMIŞOARA. ROMANIA. Location: “Memorial”, Memorial of the Romanian Revolution from 16–22 December 1989, Str. Oituz No. 2B
MOSCOW. RUSSIA. Location: In front of the Andrei Sakharov Centre, Semljanoj Wal
CALA VADELLA, IBIZA. SPAIN. Location: Cala Vadella
MADRID. SPAIN. Location: Parque de Berlín
MADRID. SPAIN. Location: Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica at Madrid-Cuatro Vientos Airport
SEVILLA. SPAIN. Location: Next to the entrance to the amusement park Isla Magica
UTRERA. SPAIN. Location: In front of the Santuario de Consolación, Paseo de la Consolación
TRELLEBORG. SWEDEN. Location: Besides the Trelleborgs Museum, Stortorget 1
BASEL. SWITZERLAND. Location: Private property at Basel
EMMEN. SWITZERLAND. Location: Military airfield Emmen, Rüeggisingerstraße 165
GENEVA. SWITZERLAND. Location: Garden of the Ecumenical Centre, Route des Morillons 1, Le Grand-Saconnex
KIEV. UKRAINE. Location: German Embassy Kiev, Wul. Bohdana Chmelnytzkoho 25
VATICAN CITY. Location: Vatican Gardens, at the Viale San Benedetto
BIBLE HILL, NOVA SCOTIA. CANADA. Location: In front of the Haley Institute, Dalhousie University Agricultural Campus, 62 Cumming Drive
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA. CANADA. Location: World Peace Pavillon, Dartmouth Waterfront
LUNENBURG, NOVA SCOTIA. CANADA. Location: Foundry Lunenburg
MONTRÉAL, QUEBEC. CANADA. Location: World Trade Center
OTTAWA, ONTARIO. CANADA. Location: Canadian War Museum, 1 Vimy Place
KINGSTON. JAMAICA. Location: Up-Park Camp
FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA. USA. Location: Northern Arizona University, South San Francisco Street
EUREKA SPRINGS, ARKANSAS. USA. Location: The Great Passion Play
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: The Wende Museum, 10808 Culver Boulevard, Culver City und 5900 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes, 501 N Main Street
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive
MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: Mountain View Public Library, Franklin Street
ORANGE, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: Chapman University, 1 University Drive
PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: Defense Language School, Korean Department, Building 610
SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: Reagan Ranch Center, 217 State Street
SIMI VALLEY, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum, 1 Presidential Drive
STANFORD, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: Hoover Tower, 434 Galvez Mall, Stanford University
YORBA LINDA, CALIFORNIA. USA. Location: Richard Nixon Library and Museum, 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard
LOVELAND, COLORADO. USA. Location: In front of the Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive
CONNECTICUT. USA. Location: Private warehouse
ORLANDO, FLORIDA. USA. Location: Hard Rock Cafe Orlando, 6050 Universal Boulevard
SAINT PETERSBURG, FLORIDA. USA. Location: Saint Petersburg Clay Company, 420 22nd Street South
FORT GORDON, GEORGIA. USA. Location: Signal Army Museum
HONOLULU, HAWAII. USA. Location: Hawaii Community College
HOPE, IDAHO. USA. Location: David Thompson Road
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. USA. Location: Western Avenue Station, Lincoln Square
EUREKA, ILLINOIS. USA. Location: Ronald Reagan Peace Garden at Eureka College, 300 College Avenue
WEST BRANCH, IOWA. USA. Location: Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum, 210 Parkside Drive
FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS. USA. Location: Grove of Regiments
WICHITA, KANSAS. USA. Location: Museum of World Treasures, 835 E 1st Street
FORT KNOX, KENTUCKY. USA. Location: General George Patton Museum, 4554 Fayette Avenue
PORTLAND, MAINE. USA. Location: DiMillio’s On the Water Restaurant, Long Wharf 25
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. USA. Location: John F. Kennedy Library and Museum, Columbia Point
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. USA. Location: EF Education First building, Two Education Circle, Cambridge, Mass
GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN. USA. Location: Van Andel Museum Center, Grand Rapids Public Museum, 272 Peral Street
GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN. USA. Location: James H. Zumberge Library, Grand Valley State University, Allendale Campus
GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN. USA. Location: Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum, 303 Pearl Street
FULTON, MISSOURI. USA. Location: Westminster College, 501 Westminster Avenue
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA. USA. Location: Main Street Station Casino Brewery Hotel, 6465 S. Rainbow Boulevard
LYNDHURST, NEW JERSEY. USA. Location: Private depot
HAMILTON, NEW YORK. USA. Location: Colgate University
HYDE PARK, NEW YORK. USA. Location: Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Museum, 4079 Albany Post Road
NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK. USA. Location: United Nations (UN), North Lawn, 1st Avenue, E 42nd Street
NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK. USA. Location: Battery Park
DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA. USA. Location: The Frontier Research Triangle Park, 800 Park Offices Drive
CINCINNATI, OHIO. USA. Location: In front of the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, 50 E Freedom Way
COLUMBUS, OHIO. USA. Location: Capital University, Blackmore Library, Drexel Campus
DAYTON, OHIO. USA. Location: U.S. Air Force Museum, 1100 Spaatz Street, Wright-Patterson
CHALK HILL, PENNSYLVANIA. USA. Location: Kentuck Knob
NEMACOLIN, PENNSYLVANIA. USA. Location: Nemacolin Woodland Resort
SPARTANBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA. USA. Location: Menzel LP, 951 Simuel Road
RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA. USA. Location: South Dakota Memorial Park, Mt. Rushmore Highway
COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS. USA. Location: George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum, 1000 George Bush Drive West
DALLAS, TEXAS. USA. Location: Hilton Anatole Hotel, 2201 Stemmons Freeway
HOUSTON, TEXAS. USA. Location: James A. Baker III. Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA. USA. Location: University of Virginia, vor der Alderman Library, 160 McCormick Road
NEWPORT NEWS, VIRGINIA. USA. Location: Virginia War Museum, 9285 Warwick Boulevard
RESTON, VIRGINIA. USA. Location: Bundeswehr Command Reston, 1150 Sunrise Valley Drive
REDMOND, WASHINGTON, USA. Location: Microsoft Art Collection, One Microsoft Way
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON. USA. Location: Seattle Center, 305 Harrison Street
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON. USA. Location: 750 N. 34th Street
WASHINGTON D. C. USA. Location: Unknown
WASHINGTON, D. C. USA. Location: National Museum of American Diplomacy, Harry S. Truman Building
WASHINGTON D. C. USA. Location: Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue
WASHINGTON D. C. USA. Location: Johns Hopkins University, School for Advanced International Studies, 1740 Massachusetts Avenue
LANGLEY (VIRGINIA), WASHINGTON D.C. USA. Location: CIA Headquarters
NASSAU. BAHAMAS. Location: Lyford Clay
SAN JOSÉ. COSTA RICA. Location: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Costa Rica, Avenida 7 y 9, Calle 11 y 13
GUATEMALACITY. GUATEMALA. Location: Plaza de Berlin
MEXICO-CITY. MEXICO. Locations: German School, Paseo Alexander von Humboldt No.2 – III, Sección Lomas Verdes, Naucalpan de Juárez. German School, Av. México 5501, Col. Huichapan (La Noria), Del. Xochimilco
BUENOS AIRES. ARGENTINA. Location: Palacio San Martín, Arenales 761
BUENOS AIRES. ARGENTINA. Location: Foyer der Editorial Perfil, Chacabucco 271
SUCRE. BOLIVIA. Location: Casa de la Libertad, Plaza 25 de Mayo Nr. 11
MOGI MIRIM. BRAZIL. Location: Changing places in the city
SANTIAGO DE CHILE. CHILE. Location: In front of the office of the German Embassy in the district Vitacura, Las Hualtatas 5677
NUEVO BERLIN. URUGUAY. Location: Crossing Avenida Romay and Avenue “Alemania”
CAPE TOWN. SOUTH AFRICA. Location: In front of the Mandela Rhodes Building, 150 St. Georges Mall
DALIAN. CHINA
JAKARTA. INDONESIA. Location: Kalijodo-Park
EIN HOD. ISRAEL. Location: Janco Dada Museum
HIKONE. JAPAN. Location: Maruho Co. Ltd., 2763 Takamiya-cho
NAGOYA. JAPAN. Location: Protestant congregation Nagoya-Tenpaku, Umezato 2-82-1, Midori-Ku, Aichi-Ken, 458-0001
OSAKA. JAPAN. Location: Temple Toukokuji, Ten-nouji, chausuyama 1-31
TOGITSU. JAPAN. Location: Nihon Bisoh, 3788 Hinami
UENO, MIYAKO-JIMA. JAPAN. Location: German Cultural Village Ueno
YOKOHAMA. JAPAN. Location: TÜV Rheinland, Shin-Yokohama Daini Center Building, Kohoku-ku
DOHA. QATAR. Locations: Georgetown University in Qatar, Education City, Al Luqta Street, Ar-Rayyan and Qatar National Convention Centre (QNCC), Education City, Ar-Rayyan
DORASAN. REPUBLIC OF KOREA. Location: Station
JEJU-SI. REPUBLIC OF KOREA. Location: Jeju April 3 Peace Memorial Park, 53-5 Bongae-Dong
SEOUL. REPUBLIC OF KOREA. Location: Between the Sanghuh Memorial Library and the Konkuk University Medical Center
SEOUL. REPUBLIC OF KOREA. Location: Cheonggyecheon, at Samilgyo bridge
UIJEONGBU. REPUBLIC OF KOREA. Location: Peace Park – Uijeongbu Station Neighborhood Park
SINGAPORE. SINGAPORE. Location: University Town, 36 College Avenue E
TAIPEI. TAIWAN. Location: Taiwan Foundation for Democracy, Alley 17, Lane 147, Section 3, Sinyi Road
BANGKOK. THAILAND. Location: Garden of the German Embassyt, 9 S Sathorn Rd, Thung Maha Mek, Sathon
NUKU’ALOFA. TONGA
SAMARKAND. USBEKISTAN. Location: International Museum for Peace and Solidarity
CANBERRA. AUSTRALIA. Location: Harmonie German Club, 49 Jerrabomberra Avenue, Narrabundah ACT 2604
SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA. Location: In front of the Goethe-Institut, 90 Ocean Street, Woollahra
CHRISTCHURCH CITY. NEW ZEALAND. Location: Cashel Street, Rauora Park
MARS. Location: Besides “Frog” and “Pumpkin”
THE BERLIN WALL FOUNDATION. AS CUSTODIAN OF THE ICON OF THE DIVISION
THE MISSION
DEVELOPMENT AND NEW LOCATIONS
PROSPECTS
BETWEEN DISAPPEARANCE AND REMEMBRANCE. THE MEMORY OF THE BERLIN WALL TODAY. Rainer E. Klemke. THE MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION: “SO WHERE EXACTLY WAS THE BERLIN WALL?” – THE NEED FOR A GENERAL CONCEPT TO DEAL WITH THE BERLIN WALL
THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF REMEMBRANCE
Peter Fecher, Güntin Litfin and Chris Gueffroy memorials
White crosses
East-Side-Gallery
“Parlament der Bäume” (Parliament of Trees)
THE BEGINNINGS OF A WALL MEMORIAL AND A WORTHY MEMORIAL TO VICTIMS FROM ROUND TABLE DISCUSSIONS TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BERLIN WALL MEMORIAL
Marking the former path of the Wall
The Berlin Wall History Mile
Marking the former border crossing points
Schlesischer Busch/ Kieler Straße Watchtowers
Crosses at Checkpoint Charlie
Checkpoint Charlie
Brandenburger Tor
Potsdamer Platz
Bernauer Straße
Niederkirchner Straße
East-Side-Gallery
“Parlament der Bäume” (Parliament of Trees)
Marienfelde Refugee Centre Museum
Further Wall sections
OUTLOOK – WHAT WILL REMAIN?
THE MESSAGE OF THE WALL SEGMENTS. Leo Schmidt
FROM CONCRETE TO CASH. TURNING THE BERLIN WALL INTO A BUSINESS. Ronny Heidenreich
AUTHORS DIRECTORY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Geographical Index
REMEMBRANCE AS A MISSION
BOOKS
BOOKS
BOOKS
BOOKS
DOCUMENTARIES
EXHIBITIONS
EXHIBITIONS
EXHIBITIONS
EXHIBITIONS
