The American Language: Development of English in the United States

The American Language: Development of English in the United States
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The American Language is a multi-volume study of how the English language is spoken in the United States. The book is Menken's research of the differences between English and American language. Mencken wanted to defend «Americanisms» against a steady stream of English critics, who usually isolated Americanisms as borderline «perversions» of the «mother tongue». The book discusses the beginnings of «American» variations from «English», the spread of these variations, American names and slang. According to Mencken, American English was more colorful, vivid, and creative than its British counterpart. The book concludes with the observation in the norms of use of the proper names in America, including surnames, given names, geographical names, Menken's analysis on the American slang, and forecast on the further language development.

Оглавление

H. L. Mencken. The American Language: Development of English in the United States

The American Language: Development of English in the United States

Table of Contents

PREFACE

I. BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION

§ 1. The Diverging Streams

§ 2. The Academic Attitude

§ 3. The View of Writing Men

§ 4. Foreign Observers

§ 5. The Characters of American

§ 6. The Materials of American

FOOTNOTES:

II. THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN

§ 1. In Colonial Days

§ 2. Sources of Early Americanisms

§ 3. New Words of English Material

§ 4. Changed Meanings

§ 5. Archaic English Words

§ 6. Colonial Pronunciation

FOOTNOTES:

III. THE PERIOD OF GROWTH

§ 1. The New Nation

§ 2. The Language in the Making

§ 3. The Expanding Vocabulary

§ 4. Loan-Words

§ 5. Pronunciation

FOOTNOTES:

IV. AMERICAN AND ENGLISH TODAY

§ 1. The Two Vocabularies

§ 2. Differences in Usage

§ 3. Honorifics

§ 4. Euphemisms and Forbidden Words

FOOTNOTES:

V. TENDENCIES IN AMERICAN

§ 1. International Exchanges

§ 2. Points of Difference

§ 3. Lost Distinctions

§ 4. Foreign Influences Today

§ 5. Processes of Word Formation

§ 6. Pronunciation

FOOTNOTES:

VI. THE COMMON SPEECH

§ 1. Grammarians and Their Ways

§ 2. Spoken American As It Is

§ 3. The Verb

§ 4. The Pronoun

§ 5. The Adverb

§ 6. The Noun and Adjective

§ 7. The Double Negative

§ 8. Pronunciation

FOOTNOTES:

VII. DIFFERENCES IN SPELLING

§ 1. Typical Forms

§ 2. General Tendencies

§ 3. The Influence of Webster

§ 4. Exchanges

§ 5. Simplified Spelling

§ 6. Minor Differences

FOOTNOTES:

VIII. PROPER NAMES IN AMERICA

§ 1. Surnames

§ 2. Given Names

§ 3. Geographical Names

§ 4. Street Names

FOOTNOTES:

IX. MISCELLANEA

§ 1. Proverb and Platitude

§ 2. American Slang

§ 3. The Future of the Language

FOOTNOTES:

FOOTNOTES:

LIST OF WORDS AND PHRASES

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H. L. Mencken

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4. The Pronoun

5. The Adverb

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