Реклама. ООО «ЛитРес», ИНН: 7719571260.
Introduction
Global Warming and Carbon Footprint
Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Gases. Water Vapour
Gases Emitted by Human Activity
Global Warming Potential
Individual Scale Emissions. Non-Transport Emissions
Transport Emissions
Office Supplies, Appliances and Products
Calculating a Carbon Footprint
Conventional Carbon Offsets
Establishing Carbon Markets
Major Carbon Markets
Kyoto Markets
Government Markets
Voluntary Markets
Assessing Carbon Markets
Informing Discussion of Small Scale Offsets
Small Scale Generation and Building Improvements
Feed in Tariffs and the Renewable Heat Incentive
Reducing Energy Use
Small Scale Installations
Small Scale Sequestration
Chemical Techniques
Phytoplankton
Biochar
Conclusions: Viable Approaches to Offsetting
References. Global Warming and the Carbon Footprint
Conventional Carbon Offsets
Small Scale Generation and Building Improvements
Small Scale Sequestration
This report is a survey of research and analysis performed into the subject of small-scale impact on global warming, and into what can be done about it by an individual or small organisation. It processes information from diverse sources: collecting it into one place, and explaining thoroughly and in layperson’s terms the various dilemmas and solutions surrounding the subject of global warming.
Central to this report is the concept of a carbon offset. This report’s major aim is to investigate the effectiveness of various approaches to cutting carbon dioxide emissions, and to suggest a course of action for the individual or small organisation wishing to become carbon neutral or ‘carbon negative’. Approaches are evaluated both in terms of their actual effectiveness as a carbon offset and in terms of cost, to give the offsetter the freedom to make an informed judgement about how to cut their carbon.
.....
Greenhouse gases make up much less than 1% of the atmosphere, and human activity is responsible only for a tiny fraction of that: nearly all of the greenhouse effect is perfectly natural. If there were no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at all, the surface of the Earth would be at a temperature around -18 C [Ref. 1]. By comparison, human beings are having only a tiny effect, but what we are adding is enough to increase the temperature of the Earth by anything between 1.1 to 6.4 C over the 21st Century [Ref. 2]. Immediate consequences of this are well known: retreating glaciers causing rising sea levels, extinction of many species, expanding deserts and reduced agricultural capacity causing food shortages.
Table 1. Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases.
.....