White Christian Privilege

White Christian Privilege
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Exposes the invisible ways in which Christian privilege disadvantages religious minorities in America The United States is recognized as the most religiously diverse country in the world, and yet its laws and customs, which many have come to see as normal features of American life, actually keep the Constitutional ideal of “religious freedom for all” from becoming a reality. Christian beliefs, norms, and practices infuse our society; they are embedded in our institutions, creating the structures and expectations that define the idea of “Americanness.” Religious minorities still struggle for recognition and for the opportunity to be treated as fully and equally legitimate members of American society. From the courtroom to the classroom, their scriptures and practices are viewed with suspicion, and bias embedded in centuries of Supreme Court rulings create structural disadvantages that endure today. In White Christian Privilege , Khyati Y. Joshi traces Christianity’s influence on the American experiment from before the founding of the Republic to the social movements of today. Mapping the way through centuries of slavery, westward expansion, immigration, and citizenship laws, she also reveals the ways Christian privilege in the United States has always been entangled with notions of White supremacy.Through the voices of Christians and religious minorities, Joshi explores how Christian privilege and White racial norms affect the lives of all Americans, often in subtle ways that society overlooks. By shining a light on the inequalities these privileges create, Joshi points the way forward, urging readers to help remake America as a diverse democracy with a commitment to true religious freedom.

Оглавление

Khyati Y. Joshi. White Christian Privilege

Contents

Introduction

Christian Privilege and White Supremacy

Critical Conversations

Religious Oppression Today

A Social Justice Approach

Contemporary American Religious Diversity

A Hierarchy of Christian Denominations

The Path Forward

1. Christianity and American National Identity

Nothing “Civil” About It

An Optical Illusion

Myths and Realities

Christian Hegemony and the Law

Judging Devotion

The Racialization of Religion

Belief in a Christian Nation

The Roots of Twenty-First-Century White Supremacy

Conclusion

2. Christianity and the Construction of White Supremacy

The European Roots of Whiteness and Christian Hegemony

Christianity and Whiteness in American History

Native Americans/Indigenous Peoples

African Americans

Protestant Power

Conclusion

3. Immigration, Citizenship, and White Christian Supremacy

Immigration

Asian Immigration to the United States

Citizenship, Race, and Religion

Christianity—The Fulcrum for Citizenship

Who is White?

The Past with the Present

Conclusion

4. Everyday Christian Privilege

Identifying Christian Privilege

Prayer: How and Where

Beliefs versus Myths

Civic Matters

Patriotism and American Identity

Language

Rituals

Religious Attire

Dietary Restrictions

Lifestyle

Conclusion

5. Voices of Christian Privilege

Christian Privilege and Christians

Denial and Avoidance

“But I don’t have privilege.”

“But we have the First Amendment, so all religions are treated equally.”

“But Christians are criticized for their faith.”

“That’s not my Christianity.”

“I grew up Christian, but I don’t identify as one today.”

Superiority and Entitlement

“Well, of course. We were here first, and there’s more of us.”

“Our dominance is the result of our superiority.”

“Look at all the religious diversity we have.”

“Yes, that’s why this is a White Christian country.”

The Recognition of Christian Privilege

“I see it, but I don’t know what to do about it.”

“It’s great to have religious diversity, but it isn’t practical to accommodate every religion.”

Religious Minorities and Christian Privilege

Denial, Avoidance, and Internalized Inferiority

“This is just life in America.”

“Christianity is normal and my faith is not.”

“I want to be part of that.”

The Recognition of Christian Privilege by Members of Religious Minorities

“I want to be at the meeting. I want a say.”

“I need to go my grandmother’s funeral.”

“I am an American, too.”

“There’s a cost to saying something, and not saying something.”

“I’ll stand up for my faith.”

What Does a Social Justice Approach to Christian Privilege Sound Like?

“We shouldn’t have a meeting on any religious holiday observed by a member of our team.”

“What are the food choices for those who might have religious dietary restrictions?”

“Is the prayer actually needed?”

“Is that an American tradition, or it is Christian?”

“We shouldn’t make judgments about someone’s morality or patriotism.”

“We cannot just talk about White supremacy, without talking about the role of Christianity in creating and maintaining White supremacy.”

Conclusion

6. Making Meaning and Making Change

A Social Justice Approach

The Change We Need

Change the Language

Change the Questions

Change the Focus

Change the Foundational Assumptions

Change the Paradigm

The Path to Our More Perfect Union

Acknowledgments

Notes. Introduction

1. Christianity and American National Identity

2. Christianity and the Construction of White Supremacy

3. Immigration, Citizenship, and White Christian Supremacy

4. Everyday Christian Privilege

5. Voices of Christian Privilege

6. Making Meaning and Making Change

Bibliography

Index

About the Author

Отрывок из книги

White Christian Privilege

THE ILLUSION OF RELIGIOUS EQUALITY IN AMERICA

.....

It might well be said that one’s education is not complete without a study of comparative religions or the history of religion and its relationship to the advancement of civilization. It certainly may be said that the Bible is worthy of study for its literary and historical qualities. Nothing we have said here indicates that such study of the Bible or of religion, where presented objectively as part of a secular program of education, may not be effected consistent with the First Amendment.36

In other words, the Establishment Clause does not prohibit the study of religion, or even the reading of sacred Scriptures in school as part of a course of study. Schools and teachers are forbidden only from crossing the line between academic presentation and religious advocacy—between “teaching” and “preaching.”37 Schools should promote awareness of religion and expose students to the diversity of religious worldviews; they are prohibited only from encouraging students to accept religion, and from endorsing or denigrating any particular religion or belief. Schools need to acknowledge the role of various religions in shaping world and US history and religions’ influence in society today, and nothing in Engel or Schempp prevents that.

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