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Lijin Zhong. Water–Energy Nexus in the People's Republic of China and Emerging Issues
WATER–ENERGY NEXUS IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND EMERGING ISSUES
Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Executive Summary. Water-Energy Nexus
Water–Energy Nexus in the PRC
Water Use in the Energy Sector
Energy for Water Supply
Addressing the Water–Energy Nexus
Chapter 1 Introduction
Water Scarcity and Water Stress
Overview of the Energy Sector in the PRC
What Is Driving the Water–Energy Nexus?
Chapter 2Water Use in Coal Industry
Water Use in Coal Mining
Water Use in Coal Washing
Water Use in Coal Gasification and Coal Liquefaction
Water Use in the Production of Synthetic Natural Gas from Coal
Recent Trends in Water Use in the Coal Sector
Chapter 3Water Use in the Oil and Gas Sector
Water Use in Crude Oil Production
Water Use in Oil Refineries
Water Use in Conventional Natural Gas Production and Processing
Prospects for Shale Gas Exploration in the PRC and Implications for Water
Ensuring Sustainable Water Use in the Oil and Gas Sector in the PRC
Chapter 4Water Use in Electricity Generation
Cooling Technologies Used in Thermal Power Plants in the PRC
Water Withdrawal and Consumption for Thermal Power Generation
Water Use Projections for the Thermal Power Sector
Evolving Policy Regime for Water Use Regulation in the Thermal Power Sector
Ensuring Sustainable Water Use in Thermal Power Generation
Chapter 5Water Use Implications of Hydropower
Status of Hydropower Development in the PRC
Role of Pumped-Storage Hydropower in the PRC’s Electricity System
Hydropower Development in the PRC: Major Issues
Ensuring the Sustainable Development of Hydropower
Chapter 6Energy for Water
Energy for Groundwater Extraction
Surface Water Conveyance and Distribution
Desalination and Energy Consumption
Energy for Water Treatment
Energy for Wastewater Treatment
Addressing Energy Consumption in Water Supply: Policy Implications and Challenges
Chapter 7Conclusion. Challenges
Opportunities
References
Footnotes
