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A. Russell Bond. Mechanics: The Science of Machinery
Mechanics: The Science of Machinery
Table of Contents
PREFACE
CHAPTER I
WAR AS A STIMULUS OF INVENTION
THE ART OF BREAKING STONES
DISCOVERY OF THE LEVER AND THE WEDGE
INVENTION OF THE WHEEL
DISPLACING MEN WITH MACHINES
RAISING WATER
CHAPTER II
THE LEVER
CONTINUOUS REVOLVING LEVERAGE
TOOTHED GEARS
THE INCLINED PLANE AND ITS FAMILY
CHAPTER III
MAUDSLEY’S “GO-CART”
THE INTERCHANGEABLE SYSTEM
THE TURRET LATHE
CUTTING WITH RED-HOT TOOLS
CHAPTER IV
TELLING TIME WITH A LEAKY BUCKET
THE REMARKABLE WATER CLOCK OF CTESIBIUS
TIMING ANCIENT ORATORS
DISCOVERY OF THE PENDULUM
THE FIRST SHIP’S CHRONOMETER
MARVELOUS PRECISION OF MODERN WATCHES
THE PACEMAKER OF A WATCH
INANIMATE MATTER IN CONTINUAL MOTION
THE PENDULUM ESCAPEMENT
CHAPTER V
WATER WHEELS
INVENTION OF THE PELTON WHEEL
A 4,000-FOOT HEAD OF WATER
HARNESSING THE MISSISSIPPI
SETTING KITCHEN FAUCETS TO WORK
DIGGING WITH WATER JETS
COMPRESSING AIR WITH WATER
CHAPTER VI
WHY A SHIP FLOATS
HYDRAULIC LEVERAGE
MAUDSLEY’S LEATHER COLLAR
BLASTING WITH WATER
RAISING A BRIDGE SPAN WITH WATER
HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS
LIFT LOCKS FOR CANALS
HYDRAULIC VARIABLE SPEED GEAR
TRANSMITTING POWER WITH SOUND WAVES
CHAPTER VII
THE BOY WHO DISCOVERED COMPRESSED AIR
RAISING WATER WITH ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
THE AIR LIFT
EXCAVATING THROUGH QUICKSAND
THE AIR LOCK
THE CAISSON DISEASE
BORING TUNNELS THROUGH RIVER BEDS
QUELLING OCEAN BILLOWS WITH AIR
CHAPTER VIII
HEAT OF COMPRESSION
AIR-DRIVEN HAMMERS
STOPPING TRAINS WITH AIR
PROPELLING CARS WITH AIR
AIR CUSHIONS FOR ELEVATORS
LAYING CEMENT WITH AN AIRGUN
AIR AS A TENSION SPRING
CHAPTER IX
THE GIFFARD INJECTOR
HERO’S STEAM ENGINE
NEWCOMEN’S ATMOSPHERIC ENGINE
WATT’S STEAM ENGINE
USING THE HEAT IN THE STEAM
DE LAVAL’S STEAM TURBINE
PARSONS EXPANSION TURBINE
CHAPTER X
BURNING AIR IN THE AUTOMOBILE ENGINE
COOLING THE CYLINDERS
THE SELF IGNITING DIESEL ENGINE
THE DOUBLE-ACTING JUNKER ENGINE
SILENCING THE NOISY EXHAUST
COMBINED STEAM AND OIL ENGINE
LATENT HEAT
CHAPTER XI
OUR WASTE OF FUEL
“BLUE COAL”
SETTING TIDES TO WORK
POWER FROM SUNSHINE
HARNESSING VOLCANOES
POWER FROM THE CORE OF THE EARTH
CHAPTER XII
ELEMENTARY MECHANICS
PARALLELOGRAM OF FORCES
SAILING AGAINST THE WIND
THE SPEEDY CLIPPER
FROM OARS TO PROPELLERS
WATER JET PROPULSION
WATER AND AIR RESISTANCE
FLYING ON WATER
FIRST OCEAN STEAMER
BOATS OF ARTIFICIAL STONE
SUBMARINE NAVIGATION
A SUBMARINE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
FULTON’S HAND-PROPELLED SUBMARINE
SUBMARINES AS SURFACE BOATS
POWER PLANT OF A SUBMARINE
THE COLLAPSIBLE “EYE” OF THE SUBMARINE
THE “EARS” OF A SUBMARINE
CHAPTER XIII
ROLLING FRICTION
PUTTING ROLLERS BETWEEN LOAD AND ROAD
REDUCING ROAD FRICTION
INCREASING TRACK FRICTION
ANCIENT LINEAGE OF THE AUTOMOBILE
STEPHENSON’S LINK MOTION
MODERN LOCOMOTIVES
FIRST AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT
AMERICAN PIONEERS OF THE MOTOR CAR
WHEELS VS. LEGS
WALKING MACHINES
“CATERPILLAR” TRACTION
CHAPTER XIV
THE FIRST HYDROGEN BALLOON
THE WEIGHT OF AIR
BALLOON NAVIGATION
SEVEN MILES ABOVE THE EARTH
KITE BALLOONS
SELF-PROPELLED BALLOONS
THREE TYPES OF DIRIGIBLES
ACROSS THE ATLANTIC IN A DIRIGIBLE
HEAVIER-THAN-AIR MACHINES
THE WRIGHT BROTHERS
TRANSATLANTIC AEROPLANE FLIGHTS
WHY A KITE STAYS UP
FORCES THAT SUPPORT AN AEROPLANE
MAINTAINING THE EQUILIBRIUM OF AN AEROPLANE
CHAPTER XV
THE FIRST HARVESTING MACHINE
EVOLUTION OF THE PLOW
INVENTION OF THE REAPER
THE “FULTON” OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
TYING KNOTS BY MACHINE
CHAPTER XVI
MECHANICAL MONSTERS
DITCHING AND TRENCHING MACHINES
FLOATING EXCAVATORS
GOLD MINING WITH A DREDGE
SUCTION DREDGES
CANAL DIGGING UNDER WATER
LAND BUILDING WITH DREDGES
THE DEEPEST MINE SHAFT
TUNNELING BY MACHINE
COAL-CUTTING MACHINERY
EXPLORING SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS
LOCATING ROCK UNDER HUDSON RIVER
BORING FOR OIL
CHAPTER XVII
INVENTION OF THE COTTON GIN
PREPARING COTTON FOR THE SPINNING MULE
ARKWRIGHT’S DRAWING ROLLS
THE SPINNING MULE
WOVEN, BRAIDED, KNITTED, AND NET GOODS
THE LOOM
THE JACQUARD LOOM
INVENTION OF THE KNITTING MACHINE
HOWE’S INVENTION OF THE SEWING MACHINE
THE SINGLE-THREAD SEWING MACHINE
MACHINE-MADE EMBROIDERIES
FINE NEEDLEWORK BY MACHINE
CHAPTER XVIII
CHINESE INVENTION OF PAPER
USES OF PAPER
TURNING FORESTS INTO PULP
GETTING DOWN TO THE “BONES” OF THE WOOD
THE FOURDRINIER PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
THE CYLINDER MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER
CHAPTER XIX
EARLY CHINESE PRINTING
DEVELOPMENT OF PRINTING PRESSES
THE STEREOTYPE PLATE
MODERN NEWSPAPER PRESSES
PRINTING 240,000 PAGES PER HOUR
A SEA CAPTAIN’S CONTRIBUTION
GATHERING AND BINDING MAGAZINES
SETTING TYPE BY MACHINE
THE LINOTYPE MATRIX AND SPACE BAR
INDIVIDUAL TYPE CASTING AND COMPOSING
WRITING BY MACHINE
CHAPTER XX
IRON IN ANCIENT DAYS
DISCOVERY OF COKE
ALLOYS OF CARBON AND IRON
MECHANICAL HANDLING OF ORE
THE MODERN BLAST FURNACE
BURNING OUT THE CARBON
OPEN HEARTH FURNACES
ROLLING INGOTS INTO RAILS
STEEL FOR BIG GUNS
SQUEEZING OUT THE “PIPES”
CHAPTER XXI
MATHEMATICAL MACHINES
HEARING AND TALKING WITH A MECHANICAL “EAR”
MACHINES THAT PICTURE MOTION
INVENTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM
MACHINES THAT SEE
A MACHINE THAT READS PRINT
THE WILLFUL GYROSCOPE
FORCES DEVELOPED IN A GYROSCOPE
THE GYROSCOPE AS A COMPASS
PREVENTING SHIPS FROM ROLLING
THE MONO-RAIL CAR
THE AUTOMATIC AEROPLANE PILOT
CHAPTER XXII
ABSOLUTE ZERO
EARLY USES OF LOW TEMPERATURES
HEAT AND MECHANICAL ENERGY
COLD AIR MACHINES
LATENT HEAT
VACUUM MACHINES
THE ABSORPTION PROCESS
THE COMPRESSION SYSTEM
CHAPTER XXIII
PRIMITIVE “ENGINES” OF WAR
INVENTION OF GUNPOWDER
THE SPINNING BULLET
MACHINE GUNS
UTILIZING THE KICK OF A GUN
COOLING THE GUN BARREL
A GUN THAT FANS ITSELF
POCKET-SIZED MACHINE GUN
ARTILLERY VS. ARMOR
GUNS, MORTARS, AND HOWITZERS
THE 76-MILE GUN
A 121-MILE GUN
TIMED AND PERCUSSION SHELLS
AERIAL BOMBS
AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF SUBMARINE TORPEDOES
CHAPTER XXIV
1801-1810
1811-1820
1821-1830
1831-1840
1841-1850
1851-1860
1861-1870
1871-1880
1881-1890
1891-1900
1901-1910
1911-1920
