Оглавление
Abdelkhalak El Hami. Applications and Metrology at Nanometer-Scale 2
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Guide
Pages
Applications and Metrology at Nanometer Scale 2. Measurement Systems, Quantum Engineering and RBDO Method
Preface
Introduction
1. Measurement Systems Using Polarized Light
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Matrix optics
1.3. Photon emission and detection
1.4. Application exercises on interferometry
1.4.1. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in a Fabry–Pérot cavity
1.4.1.1. Question
1.4.1.2. Solution
1.4.2. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in a material
1.4.3. Interferometry and optical lambda meter
1.4.3.1. Answer to question 1
1.4.3.2. Answer to question 2
1.4.3.3. Answer to question 3
1.4.3.4. Answer to question 4
1.4.3.5. Answer to question 5
1.4.3.6. Answer to question 6
1.4.3.7. Answer to question 7
1.4.3.8. Answer to question 8
1.4.3.9. Answer to question 9
1.4.3.10. Answer to question 10
1.4.3.11. Answer to question 11
1.4.3.12. Answer to question 12
1.4.3.13. Answer to question 13
1.4.3.14. Answer to question 14
1.4.3.15. Answer to question 15
1.4.3.16. Answer to question 16
1.4.3.17. Answer to question 17
1.4.4. The homodyne interferometer and refractometer
1.4.4.1. Answer to question 1
1.4.4.2. Answer to question 2
1.4.4.3. Answer to question 3
1.4.4.4. Answer to question 4
1.4.4.5. Answer to question 5
1.4.5. The heterodyne interferometer
1.4.5.1. Exercise: heterodyne interferometer
1.4.5.1.1. Solution to question 1
1.4.5.1.2. Answer to question 2
1.4.5.1.3. Answer to question 3
1.4.5.1.4. Answer to question 4
1.4.6. Application exercises on ellipsometry
1.4.6.1. Exercise: ellisometry
1.5. Appendices. 1.5.1. Conventions used for Jones vectors and Jones ABCD matrices
1.5.2. 2×2 transfer dies
1.5.3. 2×2 matrix multiplication
1.5.4. Trigonometric forms
1.5.5. Solution by MATLAB (exercises 1.4.3, 1.4.4 and 1.4.5)
1.6. Conclusion
2. Quantum-scale Interaction
2.1. Introduction
2.2. The spin through the Dirac equation. 2.2.1. Theoretical background
2.2.2. Application: the Dirac equation and Pauli matrices
2.2.2.1. Answer to question 1
2.2.2.2. Answer to question 2
2.2.2.3. Answer to question 3
2.2.2.4. Answer to question 4
2.2.2.5. Answer to question 5
2.2.2.6. Answer to question 6
2.2.2.7. Answer to question 7
2.2.2.8. Answer to question 8
2.2.2.9. Answer to question 9
2.2.2.10. Answer to question 10
2.2.2.11. Answer to question 11
2.3. The density matrix for a two-level laser system
2.3.1. Definition of the density matrix
2.3.2. Density matrix properties
2.3.3. Equation of motion of the density matrix
2.3.4. Application to a two-level system
2.4. Ising’s phenomenological model for cooperative effects
2.4.1. The Ising 1D model
3. Quantum Optics and Quantum Computers. 3.1. Introduction
3.2. Polarized light in quantum mechanics
3.3. Introduction to quantum computers
3.4. Preparing a qubit. 3.4.1. Application of the Bloch sphere
3.4.1.1. Answer to question 1
3.4.1.2. Answer to question 2
3.4.1.3. Answer to question 3
3.5. Application: interaction of a qubit with a classical field
3.5.1. Answer to question 1
3.5.2. Answer to question 2
3.6. Applying Ramsey fringes to evaluate the duration of phase coherence
3.6.1. Answer to question 1
3.6.2. Answer to question 2
4. Reliability-based Design Optimization of Structures
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Deterministic optimization
4.3. Reliability analysis
4.3.1. Optimal conditions
4.4. Reliability-based design optimization
4.4.1. The objective function
4.4.2. Taking into account the total cost
4.4.3. Design variables
4.4.4. Response of a system by RBDO
4.4.5. Limit states
4.4.6. Solving methods
4.5. Applications. 4.5.1. Application on a bending beam
4.5.1.1. RBDO method
4.5.2. Application on a circular plate with different thicknesses
4.5.2.1. Optimization problem:
4.5.2.2. Reliability analysis of the optimal design:
4.5.2.3. RBDO
4.5.3. Application: hook A
4.5.3.1. Problem 1: the case of a single constraint. 4.5.3.1.1. First study by the DDO method
4.5.3.1.2. Second study by the RBDO method
4.5.3.2. Problem 2: the case of multiple mechanical stresses
4.5.4. Application: optimization of the materials of an electronic board
4.5.4.1. Optimization issues
4.5.4.2. Optimization and uncertainties
4.5.4.3. Analysis of simulation results
4.6. Reliability-based design optimization in nanotechnology
4.6.1. Thin-film SWCNT structures
4.6.2. Digital model of thin-film SWCNT structures. 4.6.2.1. The initial properties of the materials used for the measurements
4.6.2.2. Construction of the finite element model
4.6.3. Numerical results
4.7. Conclusion
Appendix Short Overview of Quantum Mechanics
References
Index. B, C, D
E, F, G
H, I, J
L, M, N
O, P, Q
R, S, T, U
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