The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, Volume 30 of 55

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Aduarte Diego. The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, Volume 30 of 55

Preface

Commerce between the Philippines and Nueva España

Period I. Of what has been ordained by royal decrees, now compiled, in regard to the commerce of Philipinas

Period II. Of the debates on this commerce which occurred in the royal Council of the Indias up to the year 1640, and the commissions which on that account were entrusted to Señor Don Juan de Palafox, who, being an official of the [India] House, went as bishop of Puebla de los Angeles

Justification of the maintenance of the Philipinas Islands and their commerce

Point first

Point second

Point third

Point fourth

Informatory decree regarding the question to what extent and on what plan shall the commerce of the islands with Nueva España hereafter proceed

Informatory decree upon the augmentation of the amount permitted to the Philipinas Islands, in both silver and merchandise; and that the products of the islands shall not be included in the permission for 250,000 pesos

Informatory decree, in regard to opening the commerce between the kingdoms of Perù and Nueva España

Decree in which his Majesty commands that a hearing be given in a court of justice to the citizens of the city of Manila, regarding their claim that they be not included in the condemnations and compositions of the 900,000 pesos; and [it is declared] that it is his Majesty’s intention that they should not pay what they do not owe

History of the Dominican Province of the Holy Rosary

Book I

Chapter I. How the establishment of the Dominican order in the Philipinas Islands was undertaken

Chapter II. Negotiations of Fray Juan Chrisostomo at Roma

Chapter III. The experience of Fray Juan Chrisostomo in España until the establishment of the new province was completed

Chapter IV. The experience of these first fathers up to the time of embarcation

Chapter V. The voyage of the fathers

Chapter VI. New difficulties met by the expedition, and the result

Chapter VII. Of the ordinances made by the vicar-general for the foundation of the new province

Chapter VIII. The voyage of the fathers from Mexico to the Philippines

Chapter IX. The voyage and experience of the brethren who went to Macau

Chapter X. Of the entry of the religious into the city of Manila, and of their occupations there until they went on their various missions

Chapter XI. Some marvels wrought by the Lord in the convent of Manila, and the rebuilding of the same

Chapter XII. A revered image of our Lady of the Rosary possessed by this convent, and the marvels which the Lord has wrought and still works by it

Chapter XIII. Other miracles wrought by this holy image

Chapter XIV. Other marvels wrought by the same image

Chapter XV. Further marvels wrought by the same holy image

Chapter XVI. The manner in which the religious lived when they entered their ministry to the Indians

Chapter XVII. Of the great advantage derived by this province from the observance of the aforesaid rules

Chapter XVIII. The same subject is continued with testimony taken from regions and persons at a greater distance

Chapter XIX. The foundation of the vicariate of Bataan, and the early history thereof

Chapter XX. The same continued, and some miracles that afterwards followed

Chapter XXI. The entry of the religious into Pangasinan

Chapter XXII. Of the persecution of the religious by the Indians, at the beginning; and of their later heartfelt conversion

Chapter XXIII. Some miracles wrought by God in Pangasinan at the beginning of the preaching in this province

Chapter XXIV. The coming to this province of father Fray Juan Cobo and other religious

Chapter XXV. The election of the first provincial, and the first provincial chapter

Chapter XXVI. The foundation of another church in Pangasinan, and the first visitation of the father provincial

Chapter XXVII. The province takes charge of the missions of the Chinese, and the results which follow

Chapter XXVIII. The coming of some religious, and the second visitation of father Fray Juan de Castro

Chapter XXIX. The journey of the father provincial, Fray Juan de Castro, and of father Fray Miguel de Venavides to the kingdom of China

Chapter XXX. Events in the province during the absence of the provincial in China

Chapter XXXI. The journey of the bishop of these islands to España in company with father Fray Miguel de Venavides, and the death of two religious

Chapter XXXII. The election of father Fray Alonso Ximenez as provincial

Chapter XXXIII. Father Fray Juan Cobo, his virtues and death

Chapter XXXIV. The death of father Fray Francisco de la Mina, and the council which was held in place of the intermediate provincial chapter

Chapter XXXV. The second expedition of religious from Castilla to the Philippinas, and the deaths of some on the voyage

Chapter XXXVI. The condition in which the religious found the Indians in the province

Chapter XXXVII. The beginning of the conversion of these Indians of Nueva Segovia

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[From Extracto historial.1]

1–15. [This “period” consists of a very brief summary of the laws regarding the above commerce, issued from 1593 to 1635; this matter, in fuller form, has been already given in VOLS. XVII of this series, pp. 27–50, and XXV, pp. 48–73, with which this document should be read.]

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As for the permission [to trade] which the islands have enjoyed since 1604 – which is to the amount of 250,000 pesos that may be carried in merchandise, and 500,000 pesos which may be sent back in silver, on the two ships which are allotted for that trade – the islands have petitioned his Majesty that he would graciously increase the 250,000 pesos’ worth of merchandise to 500,000, and the 500,000 pesos of silver to 800,000; this is referred to the inquiry of your illustrious Lordship. And although I have in the said memorial discussed the main arguments for this request, I will, since these are related to the entire subject of those islands, here reduce them to six or seven principles.

First: because, as I have stated and proved, this commerce began in the year 1565, and was carried on without any restriction of its amount until 1604, when it was limited to the amount above stated. The islands could endure this limitation because they then possessed three attributes which they now lack. The first was, that the citizens were rich and strong through having enjoyed free trade almost forty years; and therefore they possessed, and have had thus far, the means to bear expense and losses. But since, from their trade being reduced to so small an amount, it resulted that their profits were diminished and their obligations increased; their fortunes have so steadily declined that, if the trade permitted to them is not increased, they cannot improve their fortunes, nor even preserve the remnants of these. The second was, that those islands had few enemies, and were less infested and harried by them [than now]; for until the year 1600 neither did the Dutch cause any anxiety in those seas, nor was there any other nation which visited them with hostile acts or fleets. Since that year the profits obtained from the cloves, the plunder of the ships from China, and friendly relations with the Japanese, have all been such inducements to the Dutch to frequent the seas in that region that they have kept the [Philipinas] Islands continually in arms, rendering them an active military frontier. Hardly a year has passed without a sea-fight; and, moreover, the Dutch have incited the Mindanaos, the Japanese, and other barbarians also to make war on us. The result has been that the citizens [of the islands] have spent their fortunes in serving his Majesty, which they have done with their property and persons – as is described in the said memorial, nos. 59 and 60. And as the profits from their commerce have become less, and the expenses for war greater and more continual, their poverty has become so great that they are in need of more favor than they have thus far enjoyed; for if (as has been proved) their commerce only is adequate to support those islands, and that which they have hitherto carried on is steadily declining, it must necessarily be increased, in order that they may not perish and be destroyed. This is confirmed by the third of the circumstances mentioned above, the excessive and enormous losses of property which the citizens of Manila have suffered since the year 1575 – which are mentioned, in due order, in the said memorial, no. 107. Some of these misfortunes occurred before the year 1604, and, as until then the commerce was free, they had some reparation for their losses; but those which have occurred since then have had, on account of the limitation of trade, but little relief and scanty reparation. The result has been that, although the injurious effects and great loss have not been noticed every year, they are in the course of all those years so keenly felt that a special means of restoration is needed; and there can be no other save that of increasing their commerce, for their relief must come from the same quarter as that whence their losses came.

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