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Alecia M. Spooner
Geology For Dummies
Читать книгу Geology For Dummies - Alecia M. Spooner - Страница 1
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Geology For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to
www.dummies.com
and search for “Geology For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 8
Страница 9
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Rocks for Jocks (and Everybody Else)
Finding Your Inner Scientist
Making observations every day
Jumping to conclusions
Focusing on Rock Formation and Transformation
Understanding how rocks form
Tumbling through the rock cycle
Mapping Continental Movements
Unifying geology with plate tectonics theory
Debating a mechanism for plate movements
Moving Rocks around on Earth’s Surface
Interpreting a Long History of Life on Earth
Using relative versus absolute dating
Witnessing evolution in the fossil record
Страница 25
Observing Earth through a Scientific Lens
Realizing That Science Is Not Just for Scientists
Using a Methodical Approach: The Scientific Method
Sensing something new
I have a hypothesis!
Testing your hypothesis: Experiments
Crunching the numbers
Interpreting results
Sharing the findings
Building New Knowledge: A Scientific Theory
It’s never “just a theory”
Scientific theory versus scientific law
The road to paradigms
Speaking in Tongues: Why Geologists Seem to Speak a Separate Language
Lamination vs. foliation: Similar outcomes from different processes
Gabbro vs. basalt: Different outcomes from similar processes
Страница 42
From Here to Eternity: The Past, Present, and Future of Geologic Thought
Catastrophe Strikes Again and Again
Early Thoughts on the Origin of Rocks
Developing Modern Geologic Understanding
Reading the rock layers: Steno’s stratigraphy
These things take time! Hutton’s hypothesis
FINDING SHARKS’ TEETH ON MOUNTAINTOPS
What has been will be: Lyell’s principles
Uniformi-what? Understanding the Earth through Uniformitarianism
Pulling It All Together: The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Forging Ahead into New Frontiers
Asking how, where, and why: Mountain building and plate boundaries
Mysteries of the past: Snowball earth, first life, and mass extinctions
Snowball earth
Earliest life
Mass extinctions
Predicting the future: Earthquakes and climate change
Earthquake warnings
Climate change
Out of this world: Planetary geology and the search for life
Страница 63
Home Sweet Home: Planet Earth
Earth’s Spheres
Examining Earth’s Geosphere
Defining Earth’s layers
Examining each layer
Heavy metal: The earth’s core
Flowing and solid: The earth’s mantle
It’s only skin deep: The earth’s crust
DRILLING FOR THE MOHO
Страница 73
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It’s Elemental, My Dear: A Very Basic Chemistry of Elements and Compounds
The Smallest Matter: Atoms and Atomic Structure
Getting to know the periodic table
Interpreting isotopes
Charging particles: Ions
Chemically Bonding
Donating electrons (ionic bonds)
Sharing electrons (covalent bonds)
Migrating electrons (metallic bonds)
Formulating Compounds
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