Оглавление
Alister E. McGrath. Reformation Thought
Reformation Thought. An Introduction
Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Preface to the Fifth Edition
How to Use This Book
1 Introducing the Age of Reformation
The Concept of “Reformation”
The Lutheran Reformation
The Reformed Church
The Radical Reformation (Anabaptism)
The Catholic Reformation
The English Reformation
The Call for Reform
The Growth of Anti-Clericalism
The Need for Doctrinal Reform
A Failed Attempt to Reform: Conciliarism
The Growth of Regional and National Power
The Religious Agendas of the Reformers
For Further Reading
2 A Changing World The Cultural Backdrop to the Reformation
The Rise of the Individual: The Demand for Personal Relevance
Alternative Theologies: Folk Religion and Magic
Religious Democratization: The Use of the Vernacular
The Importance of Printing
The Urban Context of the Reformation
Sacralizing the Secular: Christianity as a World-Engaging Faith
Doctrinal Confusion: A Crisis of Authority Within the Church
Receptivity Toward the Reformation: The Case of Lollardy
For Further Reading
3 Renaissance Humanism and the Reformation
The Concept of “Renaissance”
The Concept of “Humanism”
Classical Scholarship and Philology
The New Philosophy of the Renaissance?
Paul Oskar Kristeller’s View of Humanism
Ad fontes : Returning to the Fountainhead
Northern European Humanism
The Northern European Reception of the Italian Renaissance
The Ideals of Northern European Humanism
Eastern Swiss Humanism
French Legal Humanism
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Erasmus’ Critique of the Vulgate Text of the New Testament
Erasmus’ Editions of Patristic Texts
Networks of Influence: Erasmus’ Circle
Humanism and the Reformation: An Evaluation
Humanism and the Hebrew Bible
Humanism and the Swiss Reformation
Humanism and the Wittenberg Reformation
Tensions Between Reformation and Humanism
For Further Reading
4 Scholasticism and the Reformation
The Characteristics of Scholasticism
Scholasticism and the Universities
Types of Scholasticism
Realism Versus Nominalism
Intellectualism Versus Voluntarism
Pelagianism Versus Augustinianism
The Via Moderna
The Schola Augustiniana Moderna
The Impact of Medieval Scholasticism upon the Reformation
Luther’s Relation to Late Medieval Scholasticism
Calvin’s Relation to Late Medieval Scholasticism
Protestant Scholasticism: Paradox or Inevitability?
For Further Reading
5 The Reformers: Seven Biographical Sketches
Martin Luther (1483–1546)
Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531)
William Tyndale (c.1494–1536)
Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560)
Martin Bucer (1491–1551)
Katharina Schütz Zell (c.1497–1562)
John Calvin (1509–64)
For Further Reading. The Reformers in General
Martin Luther
Huldrych Zwingli
William Tyndale
Philip Melanchthon
Martin Bucer
Katharina Schütz Zell
John Calvin
6 The Return to the Bible
Scripture in the Middle Ages
Medieval Hermeneutics: The Four Senses of Scripture
The Vulgate Translation of the Bible
Medieval Vernacular Versions of Scripture
The Humanists and the Bible
The Bible and the Protestant Reformation
The Canon of Scripture
The Authority of Scripture
The Role of Tradition
Methods of Interpreting Scripture
The Right to Interpret Scripture
The Translation of Scripture
Encouraging Engagement with the Bible
The Catholic Response: Trent on Scripture
For Further Reading
7 The Doctrine of Justification by Faith
A Foundational Theme: Redemption Through Christ
Justification and Martin Luther’s Theological Breakthrough
Luther’s Early Views on Justification
The Nature of Justifying Faith
Justification and the Indulgence Controversy (1517)
The Concept of “Forensic Justification”
Justification and the Early Swiss Reformation
The Reformed Approach: Bucer and Calvin on Justification
Justification in the English Reformation
The Colloquy of Regensburg (1541): “Double Justification”
The Catholic Response: Trent on Justification
The Nature of Justification
The Nature of Justifying Righteousness
The Nature of Justifying Faith
The Assurance of Salvation
For Further Reading
8 The Doctrine of the Church
The Background to the Reformation Debates: The Donatist Controversy
The Context of the Reformation Views on the Church
Luther on the Nature of the Church
The Radical View of the Church
Tensions Within Luther’s Doctrine of the Church
Calvin on the Nature of the Church
The Two Marks of the Church
The Structures of the Church
Calvin on the Church and the Consistory
Calvin on the Role of the Church
The Debate over the Catholicity of the Church
The Council of Trent on the Church
For Further Reading
9 The Doctrine of the Sacraments
The Background to the Reformation Debates about the Sacraments
A Shared Emphasis: The Sacraments and the Promises of Grace
Luther on the Sacraments
Luther’s Views on the Real Presence
Luther on Infant Baptism
Zwingli on the Sacraments
Zwingli on the Real Presence
Zwingli on Infant Baptism
Luther versus Zwingli: A Summary and Evaluation
Anabaptist Views on the Sacraments
Calvin on the Sacraments
Thomas Cranmer: The Real Presence in the English Reformation
The Catholic Response: Trent on the Sacraments
For Further Reading
10 The Doctrine of Predestination
The Background to the Reformation Debates over Predestination
Zwingli on the Divine Sovereignty
Melanchthon’s Changing Views on Predestination
Calvin on Predestination
Predestination in Later Reformed Theology
The Weber Thesis: Predestinarian Anxiety and the Origins of Capitalism
For Further Reading
11 The Political Thought of the Reformation
The Radical Reformation and Secular Authority
Luther’s Doctrine of the Two Kingdoms
Zwingli on the State and Magistrate
Bucer and Calvin on Magistrate and Ministry
The “Godly Prince” and the English Reformation
For Further Reading
12 Reformation Thought: Its Diffusion and Impact
Agencies of Diffusion
Books: The Transgression of International Boundaries
Refugees and the Movement of People
The Vernacular
Consolidating the Ideas of the Reformation: Some Key Texts
Catechisms
Confessions of Faith
Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion
The Impact of Reformation Thought
The Protestant Work Ethic
The Reformation and Political Change
The Reformation and the Emergence of the Natural Sciences
Protestantism and the Rise of Modern Atheism
Reformation Ecclesiologies and the Modern Church
Conclusion
For Further Reading
Appendix 1 A Glossary of Theological and Historical Terms
Appendix 2 English Translations of Major Primary Sources. John Calvin
Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
Martin Luther
Huldrych Zwingli
Appendix 3 Standard Abbreviations of Major Journals and Sources
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Appendix 4 How to Refer to Major Primary Sources
John Calvin
Desiderius Erasmus
Martin Luther
Huldrych Zwingli
Appendix 5 Referring to the Psalms in the Sixteenth Century
The Vulgate Psalm Numbers
Referring to Psalms
Appendix 6 Updating Reformation Bibliographies
Academic Journal Book Reviews
Web Searches
The Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte Literature Supplement
Appendix 7 Chronology of Political and Intellectual History
Notes
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 4
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Index
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