Institution Building in Weak States

Institution Building in Weak States
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The effort to improve state institutions in post-conflict societies is a complicated business. Even when foreign intervention is carried out with the best of intentions and the greatest resources, it often fails. What can account for this failure? In Institution Building in Weak States , Andrew Radin argues that the international community’s approach to building state institutions needs its own reform. This innovative book proposes a new strategy, rooted in a rigorous analysis of recent missions.In contrast to the common strategy of foreign interveners—imposing models drawn from Western countries—Radin shows how pursuing incremental change that accommodates local political interests is more likely to produce effective, accountable, and law-abiding institutions. Drawing on extensive field research and original interviews, Radin examines efforts to reform the central government, military, and police in post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Iraq, and Timor-Leste. Based on his own experience in defense reform in Ukraine after 2014, Radin also draws parallels with efforts to improve state institutions outside of post-conflict societies. Institution Building in Weak States introduces a domestic opposition theory that better explains why institution building fails and what is required to make it work. With actionable recommendations for smarter policy, the book offers an important corrective for scholars and practitioners of post-conflict missions, international development, peacebuilding, and security cooperation.

Оглавление

Andrew Radin. Institution Building in Weak States

INSTITUTION BUILDINGinWEAK STATES

CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATIONS. FIGURES

TABLES

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS INSTITUTION BUILDING?

WHY STUDY INSTITUTION BUILDING?

DOMESTIC OPPOSITION THEORY

EXISTING EXPLANATIONS FOR THE SUCCESS OF INSTITUTION BUILDING

JUDGING THE SUCCESS OF INSTITUTION BUILDING

PLAN OF THE BOOK AND RESEARCH DESIGN

NOTES

CHAPTER TWO. TheDOMESTIC OPPOSITION THEORYandALTERNATIVE THEORIES

FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING THE STAGES OF A REFORM EFFORT

ORIGINS OF FOREIGN DEMANDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REFORM

NATIONALIST GOALS

Hypotheses for Reform Threatening Nationalist Goals

PATRON-CLIENT NETWORKS

Hypotheses for Reform Threatening Patron-Client Networks

PREDICTIONS FOR REFORMS THREATENING NEITHER OR BOTH NATIONALIST GOALS OR PATRON-CLIENT NETWORKS

ALTERNATIVE THEORY 1: INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES

Hypotheses for the International Resources Theory

ALTERNATIVE THEORY 2: PATH DEPENDENCE

Hypotheses for the Path Dependence Theory

CONCLUSION

NOTES

CHAPTER THREE. CREATING CENTRAL GOVERNMENTSinKOSOVOandIRAQ

DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT IN KOSOVO, 1999–2008

Context

Stage 1: Development of Provisional Central Governing Institutions, June 1999–December 2001

Stage 2: Standards before Status and the Riots

Stage 3: UNMIK’s Push to Final Status, 2005–8

Conclusions: Central Governing Institutions in Kosovo

BUILDING A NEW CENTRAL GOVERNMENT IN IRAQ, 2003–4

Context

Stage 1: The CPA Plans for an Extended Occupation, May 2003 to November 2003

Stage 2: Building Iraqi Interim Institutions, November 2003–June 2004

Conclusions: Central Governing Institutions in Iraq

CONCLUSION: LESSONS FROM CREATING CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS

NOTES

CHAPTER FOUR. DEFENSE REFORMinBOSNIAandTIMOR-LESTE

DEFENSE REFORM IN BIH, 2003–16

Context

Stage 1: Defense Reform Commission, 2003–4

Stage 2: Defense Reform, January 2005–December 2006

Stage 3: Pursuing and Sustaining Reform as Resources Diminish, 2006–16

Conclusion: BiH Defense Reform

DEFENSE REFORM IN TIMOR-LESTE

Context

Stage 1: Formation of the F-FDTL under UNTAET, October 1999–May 2000

Stage 2: Forming the F-FDTL under UNTAET, June 2000–May 2002

Stage 3: The Failure to Strengthen the F-FDTL and the Resulting Violence, 2002–6

Conclusion: Timor-Leste Defense Reform

CONCLUSION: LESSONS FROM DEFENSE REFORM

NOTES

CHAPTER FIVE. POLICE REFORMinBOSNIAandIRAQ

POLICE REFORM IN BIH, 2003–7

Context

Stage 1: Police Restructuring under Ashdown, July 2004–January 2006

Stage 2: Police Restructuring, 2006–7

Conclusion: Police Restructuring in Bosnia

COALITION DEVELOPMENT OF THE IRAQI POLICE, 2003–11

Context

Stage 1: Development of the Iraqi Police under the CPA, April 2003–June 2004

Stage 2: Standing Down So Iraqis Stand Up: MNSTC-I and Shia Co-optation, July 2004–February 2007

Stage 3: The Surge and Continued Challenges in Building the Iraqi Police, 2007–11

Conclusion: Police Reform in Iraq

CONCLUSION: LESSONS FROM POLICE REFORM

NOTES

CHAPTER SIX. DEFENSE REFORMinUKRAINE

CONTEXT

STAGE 1: UKRAINE’S MILITARY DEVELOPMENT, FEBRUARY 2014–FEBRUARY 2015

STAGE 2: WESTERN-LED DEFENSE REFORM, FEBRUARY 2015–2018

CONCLUSION: LESSONS FROM DEFENSE REFORM IN UKRAINE

NOTES

CHAPTER SEVEN. CONCLUSION

FINDINGS AND OVERARCHING RECOMMENDATIONS

POLICY PROBLEMS AND SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS

Problem 1: Insufficient Autonomy for In-Country Foreign Reformers

Problem 2: Lack of Local Knowledge

Problem 3: The United States and the International Community May Not Prioritize Institution Building

ALTERNATIVE ARGUMENTS AND EXTENSIONS

APPLICABILITY OF ARGUMENT TO FUTURE INSTITUTION BUILDING

DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

NOTES

APPENDIX. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

CASE SELECTION

CAUSAL INFERENCE

SOURCES

SCORING SYSTEM QUESTIONS

Central Government. Effectiveness

Accountability

Rule of Law

Defense. Effectiveness

Accountability

Rule of Law

Police. Effectiveness

Accountability

Rule of Law

COUNTRY COMPARISONS

NOTES

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Отрывок из книги

in WEAK STATES

The PRIMACY of LOCAL POLITICS

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3See Andrew Radin, “The Limits of State Building: The Politics of War and the Ideology of Peace” (PhD diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012); and Andrew Radin, “Domestic Opposition and the Timing of Democratic Transitions after War,” Security Studies 26, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 93–123.

4See Adriana Lins de Albuquerque and Jakob Hedenskog, “Ukraine: A Defence Sector Reform Assessment,” Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), 2015, https://www.foi.se/rapportsammanfattning?reportNo=FOI-R--4157--SE; and Oksana Bedratenko, “More Proof Ukraine Is Changing: Opaque Defense Sector Embraces Reform,” October 26, 2016, https://www.kyivpost.com/article/opinion/op-ed/oksana-bedratenko-proof-ukraine-changing-opaque-defense-sector-embraces-reform.html?cn-reloaded=1.

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