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The ancient East is one of the first centers of civilization. People learned to domesticate animals here early, learned hoe farming, some crafts. The subtropical climate, fertile soils, and relatively high population density at that time accelerated the process of transition from hunting and fishing to cattle breeding and agriculture. Ancient Indo-Europeans, for example, are formed on the territory of the Southern Urals. The valleys of the rivers Nile, Tigris and Euphrates, Yangtze and Yellow River, Indus and Ganges were especially favorable for agriculture.
In the 5th millennium BC, man for the first time began to use metal for the manufacture of tools, which dramatically increased labor productivity. The prerequisites for obtaining an additional product were created, economic conditions for human exploitation arose. The emergence of private property and property inequality accelerated the disintegration of the tribal organization, and a class society emerged on its ruins.
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The income of the nobility consisted of the salary paid to them by the tsar, and income from their own economy. The class solidarity of priests and officials was a prerequisite for their preservation of their dominance.
In addition to the ruling class of slaveholders, there was the largest part of the population – residents of rural communities, farmers, community members. They were the main producer of material goods. Free farmers and artisans carried various duties, paid taxes to the royal treasury and the local nobility, usually in kind (grain, rice, cattle, oil, etc.). A militia was usually formed from them.
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