2021 / 2022 ASVAB For Dummies

2021 / 2022 ASVAB For Dummies
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Own the ASVAB test with the #1 guide on the market! Passing the ASVAB test is the essential ticket to getting into your dream branch of the military—and a good score can determine the shape of your career. A stellar performance can also help you get grants and bonuses for school, so—no pressure! But don't be daunted: like any military operation, having the right plan of attack and equipment are key—and as the number-one-selling guide year after year that's packed with all the information you need to win, the latest edition ASVAB For Dummies takes care of both of these in one! In a friendly, straightforward style, Angie Papple Johnston—who passed the test herself in 2006 to join the Army—provides in-depth reviews of all nine test subjects. Don't worry if you slept through some of this material in school; you’ll find a complete refresher on everything you'll be expected to know—plus full explanations for every answer, drill exercises, and strategy cheat sheets for verbal, math, and general sciences. You'll also get tips on how to pinpoint areas where you need to develop mental muscle and to strengthen your test-taking skills. And if this weren't already giving you some pretty awesome firepower, you can also go online to reinforce your game using flashcards and customizable practice tests calibrated to address areas where you need help the most. Match your skills against practice problems Drill your math, science, and English knowledge to perfection Master test strategy and tactics Get one-year access to additional practice tests, flashcards, and videos online Whatever your aim for your military career, this book provides the perfect training ground for you to be the very best you can be on the day of the test!

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Angie Papple Johnston. 2021 / 2022 ASVAB For Dummies

2021/2022 ASVAB For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “2021/2022 ASVAB For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

Introduction

About This Book

Foolish Assumptions

Icons Used in This Book

Beyond the Book

Where to Go from Here

Getting Started with the ASVAB

Putting the ASVAB under a Microscope

Knowing Which Version You’re Taking

Mapping Out the ASVAB Subtests

Deciphering ASVAB Scores

Defining all the scores

Understanding the big four: Your AFQT scores

Calculating the AFQT score

Looking at AFQT score requirements for enlistment

Checking out the military’s AFQT requirements for special programs

MILITARY OPENS COMBAT ROLES TO WOMEN

Do-Over: Retaking the ASVAB

U.S. Army retest policy

U.S. Air Force retest policy

U.S. Navy retest policy

TRACING THE TESTING TRAIL

U.S. Marine Corps retest policy

U.S. Coast Guard retest policy

Knowing What It Takes to Get Your Dream Job

Eyeing How ASVAB Scores Determine Military Training Programs and Jobs

SEMPER SUPRA: THE ASVAB AND THE ALL-NEW SPACE FORCE

Understanding How Each Branch Computes Line Scores

Line scores and the Army

Line scores and the Navy and Coast Guard

Line scores and the Marine Corps

Line scores and the Air Force

SCORE! SPEAKING THE LINGO

Getting Acquainted with Test-Taking and Study Techniques

Taking the Test: Computerized or Paper?

Going paperless: The pros and cons of the computerized test

Writing on hard copy: The advantages and disadvantages of the paper version

Tackling Multiple-Choice Questions

When You Don’t Know an Answer: Guessing Smart

Studying and Practicing for the ASVAB

Making Last-Minute Preparations: 24 Hours and Counting

Words to Live By: Communication Skills

Word Knowledge

Grasping the Importance of Word Knowledge

Checking Out the Word Knowledge Question Format

Building Words from Scratch: Strategies to Help You Decipher Word Meanings

From beginning to end: Knowing prefixes and suffixes

Determining the root of the problem

Word families: Finding related words

Deconstructing words

Yin and Yang: Understanding Synonyms and Antonyms

ASVAB Word Knowledge Strategy: Finding the Answer When You Just Don’t Know

Creating your own context

How’s it feel? Letting the words speak to you

Compare and contrast: Picking up on signals

One of these things is not like the other: Ruling out wrong answers

Mind filling in? Replacing the word with the answer choices

Say what? Parts of speech matter

If all else fails, break your word

Guess what! It’s okay on the ASVAB

You Are What You Speak: Improving Your Vocabulary, Improving Yourself

Reading your way to a larger vocabulary

Keeping a list and checking it twice

Crosswords: Making vocabulary fun

Sounding off by sounding it out

Word Knowledge Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Paragraph Comprehension

Understanding the Importance of Paragraph Comprehension for Military Jobs

Eyeing the Physique of the Paragraph Comprehension Subtest

Trying the Four Flavors of Comprehension Questions

Treasure hunt: Finding specific information

Cutting to the chase: Recognizing the main idea

If the shoe fits: Determining word meaning in context

Reading between the lines: Understanding implications

Do You Get My Point? Breaking down Paragraphs

What’s the big idea? Determining the main idea in a paragraph

Finding a topic sentence

In other words: Rephrasing passages

Extra, extra! Identifying subpoints

Analyzing What You’ve Read: Guessing at What the Writer Really Means

Faster than a Speeding Turtle: Tips for Slow Readers

Read more, watch less

Become a lean, mean word machine

Build your confidence

Test-Taking Tips for Reading and Gleaning

Paragraph Comprehension Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Making the Most of Math: Arithmetic Skills

Mathematics Knowledge and Operations

Just When You Thought You Were Done with Vocab: Math Terminology

Operations: What You Do to Numbers

NAMING THE ANSWERS

First things first: Following the order of operations

Completing a number sequence

Finding the pattern

Dealing with more than one operation in a sequence

Averaging mean, median, and mode in a range

Working on Both Sides of the Line: Fractions

Common denominators: Preparing to add and subtract fractions

Method one

Method two

Finding common denominators for three or more fractions

Multiplying and reducing fractions

Dividing fractions

Converting improper fractions to mixed numbers … and back again

Expressing a fraction in other forms: Decimals and percents

Adding and subtracting decimals

Multiplying decimals

Dividing decimals

DIVIDING DECIMALS BY WHOLE NUMBERS

DIVIDING DECIMALS BY DECIMALS

Playing with percents

Showing comparisons with ratios

Navigating scale drawings

Remembering important rates

A Powerful Shorthand: Writing in Scientific Notation

Getting to the Root of the Problem

Perfect squares

Irrational numbers

Other roots

Test-Taking Techniques for Your Mathematical Journey

Knowing what the question is asking

Figuring out what you’re solving for

Solving what you can and guessing the rest

Using the process of elimination

Math Knowledge and Operations Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Algebra

Coming to Terms with Basic Algebra Lingo

Solving for x

When All Things Are Equal: Keeping an Algebra Equation Balanced

Solving one-step equations involving addition and subtraction

Multiplying and dividing

Solving multistep equations

Simplifying equations

Using FOIL

Tackling Two-Variable Equations

Substitution

Combining equations

Explaining Exponents in Algebra

A Step Back: Factoring Algebra Expressions to Find Original Numbers

Pulling out the greatest common factor

Factoring a three-term equation

Making Alphabet Soup: Solving Quadratic Equations

All Math Isn’t Created Equal: Solving Inequalities

Algebra Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Geometry

Outlining Angles

Parallel lines

Naming angles

Pointing Out Triangle Types

Back to Square One: Quadrilaterals

Going around in Circles

Navigating the circumference

Mapping out the area of a circle

Fillin’ It Up: Calculating Volume

Scratching the surface area of solids

Breaking down combined figures

Mapping Out Coordinates

Geometry Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Arithmetic Reasoning: Math Word Problems

Tackling the Real World of Word Problems

Reading the entire problem

As plain as the nose on a fly: Figuring out what the question is asking

Digging for the facts

Setting up the problem and working your way to the answer

Drawing a diagram

Reviewing your answer

The Guessing Game: Putting Reason in Your Guessing Strategy

Using the process of elimination

Solving what you can and guessing the rest

Making use of the answer choices

Arithmetic Reasoning (Math Word Problems) Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Examining General Science under a Microscope

General Science and Life Science

There’s a Scientific Method to the Madness

SCIENTIFIC LAWS AND THEORIES YOU ALREADY KNOW

Understanding Forms of Measurement

Uncovering Biology, from Big to Small

Relating to your world through ecology

Variety is the spice of life: Biodiversity

Categorizing Mother Nature

Counting down the classification system

Visiting the kingdoms

Just name it: Showing off your genius about the species

Perusing the Human Body Systems

Picking your brain: The nervous system

Flowing through the heart, blood, and circulatory system

Renal 9-1-1: Emergency toxin filtering

Breathing in and out: The respiratory system

You are what you eat: The digestive system

Muscling your way through life

Taking the skeletons out of the closet

Ending up in the endocrine system

The lymphatic system: When things go haywire

Damage control through the integumentary system

THE FIRST TROOP INOCULATION: SMALLPOX

Continuing the species through the reproductive system

Keeping the body in peak operating condition

Digging through Plant Physiology

Types of plants

Where plant processes take place

Plant reproduction

Thinking Small: A Look at Cells

Inspecting cell structure

Profiting from cell processes

Swimming in the Gene Pool: Genetics

Copying genes

Determining your sex with two little letters

Knowing which genes get passed down the family line

Using Common Sense to Hypothesize about Answers

General and Life Science Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Physical Sciences

Chemistry: Not Blowing Up the Lab

How chemists look at things

EVERYDAY CHEMISTRY

Understanding the elements, my dear Watson

Sitting down at the periodic table

Changing states: Physical and chemical moves for molecules

Boiling and freezing

Compounds, mixtures, and reactions: When elements get together

Compounds: Adding elements together

Mixtures: Physical combinations of pure substances

Chemical reactions

Covering all the bases (and the acids, too)

Physics: It Matters (and It’s Matter)

Keeping track with SI units of measurement

Weight and mass

Newton’s laws: The science of motion

Newton’s first law of motion

Newton’s second law of motion

Newton’s third law of motion

Newton’s law of universal gravitation

Measuring work, force, energy, and power

Did you hear that? Understanding sound waves

The rainbow of frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum

Heating things up with energy

The four laws of thermodynamics

Side effects: Feeling hot and cold

Opposites attract: Magnetism and polarization

Physical Science Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Earth and Space Sciences

Staying Down to Earth with Geology and Meteorology

Peeling back the layers of the planet

Sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks

What’s shakin’? A word on earthquakes

Seeing the sea through a different lens

HAPPY BIRTHDAY, PLANET EARTH

Outta this world: Checking the atmosphere

Gases in the atmosphere

The magnetosphere: A polarizing force

Warming up to cold fronts

We’re not in Kansas anymore: Understanding what causes extreme weather events

Keeping track of weather patterns

Classifying clouds

Figuring out temperature conversions

Paleontology: Can You Dig It?

Plants, germs, dinosaurs, and humans

Studying the past with today’s tools

What fossils tell us

Dating a caveman

Where Few Have Gone Before: Astronomy

Taking a bite out of the Milky Way

Taking a quick glimpse at the sun

Perusing the planets

Earth’s orbit

Planetary composition

To the Kuiper Belt and beyond

IS PLUTO REALLY A PLANET?

Shooting for the moons

Watching for meteors, comets, and asteroids

MILITARY SPACE PROGRAMS AND THE U.S. SPACE FORCE

Getting Back to Your Latin Roots to Improve Your Test Score

Earth and Space Science Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

The Whole Ball of Facts: Technical Skills

Auto Information

Checking under the Hood

Chassis and frame: Holding it all together

The engine: Different strokes

Whatever floats your boat: Considering common components of internal combustion engines

Running on all your cylinders

Diesel: Discovering the more powerful alternative

MAKING THE GRADE: OCTANE RATINGS

Charging into the future with electric vehicles

Mixing things up with hybrid vehicles

Electrical and ignition systems: Starting up

Cooling systems: Preventing a meltdown

Lubrication systems: Keeping the engine moving smoothly

Exhaust systems: Where byproducts go to die

Emissions-control systems: Filtering out pollutants

Drive systems: Taking it for a spin

Suspension and steering systems: Keeping it on the road

Brake system: Pulling out all the stops

THE MAGIC OF ABS

Cruising toward a Better Score

Auto Information Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Shop Information

Picking Up the Tools of the Trade

Measuring tools

Leveling and squaring tools

Striking tools

Fastening tools

Soldering and welding tools

Cutting tools

Drilling, punching, and gouging tools

Drills and bits

Punches

Chisels

Finishing tools

Clamping tools

Sticking Materials Together with Fasteners

Nails

Screws and bolts

Nuts and washers

Rivets

Building a Better Score

Shop Information Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Mechanical Comprehension

A-mass-ing Knowledge on Matter, Weight, Density, and Relativity

Understanding the Forces of the Universe

He hit me first! The basics of action and reaction

Equilibrium: Finding a balance

Under pressure: Spreading out the force

Looking at kinds of forces

Gravity: What goes up must come down

When push comes to shove: Applied force

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE: FALSE GRAVITY

Stretching out tension

Friction: Resisting the urge to move

Elastic recoil: The trampoline of physics

The law of attraction: Magnetism

Tapping into electrical forces

Opening the window to drag forces

You Call That Work?!

Contrasting the difference between potential and kinetic energy

Exerting force to make things happen

Overcoming resistance

Powering through work

Relying on Machines to Help You Work

Using levers to your advantage

Ramping up the inclined plane

Easing your effort: Pulleys and gears

Block and tackle systems

Understanding how gears work

Pulley and belt arrangements

Multiplying your effort: Wheels and axles

Opening up the door to torque

HORSEPOWER: A MEASURABLE MARKETING TACTIC

Getting a grip on things with vises

Magnifying your force with liquid: Hydraulic pressure

Working Your Way to a Better Test Score

Using your observations and common sense

Using the mathematics of mechanics

Guessing with a mechanical mind

Mechanical Comprehension Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Electronics Information

Uncovering the Secrets of Electricity

Going subatomic

Earning the good conduct(or) medal

Examining the current of the electrical river

Resistance: Putting the brakes on electrical flow

Adding or removing resistance

Ohm’s law: Relating resistance to current and voltage

Measuring voltage: Do you have the potential?

Getting around to circuits

Circuit breakers and fuses

Types of circuits

HOLIDAY (LIGHT) BURNOUT

Measuring power

MAGNETIC, ELECTRIC: NO, NOT YOUR PERSONALITY

Producing electrical effects

Switching Things Up with Alternating and Direct Current

Figuring out frequency

GROUNDING YOURSELF WITH BASIC ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Impedance: Join the resistance!

SORTING OUT CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS

Rectifying the situation: Going direct

Turning up the transistor radio

Picture It: Decoding Electrical Circuit Codes

Coming in Hot: Wire Color Codes Used in the U.S

Eyeing Some Electronics Information Test Tips

Memorizing simple principles

Playing the guessing game

Electronics Information Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Assembling Objects

Getting the Picture about Assembling Objects

Two Types of Questions for the Price of One

Putting tab A into slot B: Connectors

On the flip side: Avoiding mirrors

Crossing over the right places

Putting it all together

Solving the jigsaw puzzle: Shapes

Tips for the Assembling Objects Subtest

Comparing one piece or point at a time

Visualizing success: Practicing spatial skills ahead of time

Assembling Objects Practice Questions

Answers and Explanations

Practice ASVAB Exams

Practice Exam 1

Answer Sheet for Practice Exam 1

Practice Exam 1: Answers and Explanations

Subtest 1: General Science Answers

Subtest 2: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers

Subtest 3: Word Knowledge Answers

Subtest 4: Paragraph Comprehension Answers

Subtest 5: Mathematics Knowledge Answers

Subtest 6: Electronics Information Answers

Subtest 7: Auto & Shop Information Answers

Subtest 8: Mechanical Comprehension Answers

Subtest 9: Assembling Objects Answers

Practice Exam 2

Answer Sheet for Practice Exam 2

Practice Exam 2: Answers and Explanations

Subtest 1: General Science Answers

Subtest 2: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers

Subtest 3: Word Knowledge Answers

Subtest 4: Paragraph Comprehension Answers

Subtest 5: Mathematics Knowledge Answers

Subtest 6: Electronics Information Answers

Subtest 7: Auto & Shop Information Answers

Subtest 8: Mechanical Comprehension Answers

Subtest 9: Assembling Objects Answers

Practice Exam 3

Answer Sheet for Practice Exam 3

Practice Exam 3: Answers and Explanations

Subtest 1: General Science Answers

Subtest 2: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers

Subtest 3: Word Knowledge Answers

Subtest 4: Paragraph Comprehension Answers

Subtest 5: Mathematics Knowledge Answers

Subtest 6: Electronics Information Answers

Subtest 7: Auto & Shop Information Answers

Subtest 8: Mechanical Comprehension Answers

Subtest 9: Assembling Objects Answers

AFQT Practice Exam 1

Answer Sheet for AFQT Practice Exam 1

AFQT Practice Exam 1: Answers and Explanations

Subtest 1: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers

Subtest 2: Word Knowledge Answers

Subtest 3: Paragraph Comprehension Answers

Subtest 4: Mathematics Knowledge Answers

AFQT Practice Exam 2

Answer Sheet for AFQT Practice Exam 2

AFQT Practice Exam 2: Answers and Explanations

Subtest 1: Arithmetic Reasoning Answers

Subtest 2: Word Knowledge Answers

Subtest 3: Paragraph Comprehension Answers

Subtest 4: Mathematics Knowledge Answers

The Part of Tens

Ten Surefire Ways to Fail the ASVAB

Choosing Not to Study at All

Failing to Realize How Scores Are Used

Studying for Unnecessary Subtests

Losing Focus

Panicking over Time

Deciding Not to Check the Answers

Making Wild Guesses or Not Guessing at All

Changing Answers

Memorizing the Practice Test Questions

Misunderstanding the Problem

Ten Tips for Doing Well on the AFQT

As Soon as the Test Starts, Write Down What You’re Likely to Forget

Read All the Answer Choices before Deciding

Don’t Expect Perfect Word Matches

Read the Passages before the Questions

Reread to Find Specific Information

Base Conclusions Only on What You Read

Change Percents to Decimals

Understand Inverses

Remember How Ratios, Rates, and Scales Compare

Make Sure Your Answers Are Reasonable

Ten Ways to Boost Your Math and English Skills

Practice Doing Math Problems

Put Away Your Calculator

Memorize the Order of Operations

Know Your Geometry Formulas

Keep a Word List

Study Latin and Greek

Use Flashcards

Read More, Watch TV Less

Practice Finding Main and Supporting Points

Use a Study Guide

Appendixes

Matching ASVAB Scores to Military Jobs

Army Enlisted Jobs

Air Force Enlisted Jobs

Navy Enlisted Jobs

Marine Corps Enlisted Jobs

Coast Guard Enlisted Jobs

Countdown to Taking the ASVAB

How Much Time Do You Have to Prepare?

Outline Your ASVAB Study Strategy

12 weeks out: Identify your weak spots

10 weeks out: Dust off your strengths

8 weeks out: Studying with your recruiter

6 weeks out: Retest yourself

4 weeks out: Zeroing in on your targets

2 weeks out: Flashcards, practice tests, and more flashcards

The day before the test

Word Knowledge Resources

Digging Down to Word Roots

Pointing Out Prefixes

Spotting Hard-Working Suffixes

Index. A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Z

About the Author

Dedication

Author’s Acknowledgments

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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If you’re reading this book, there’s a good chance that you want to join the United States military. Perhaps it’s been your lifelong dream to drive a tank, fire a machine gun, or blow things up (legally). Maybe you’ve always wanted to learn how to cook for 2,000 people at a time. Possibly you were attracted to the military because of education and training opportunities, the chance to travel, or huge enlistment bonuses. In any event, by now you’ve discovered that you can’t just walk into a recruiter’s office and say, “Hey, I’m here. Sign me up!” These days, you have to pass the ASVAB.

The ASVAB (short for Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery) is unlike any test you’ve ever taken. It covers standard academic areas, such as math and English, but it also measures your knowledge of mechanics, electronics, science, and assembling objects.

.....

You can acquire vocabulary words in the short term as well as over a long period of time. Combining both approaches is best, but if you’re pressed for time, focus on short-term memorization and test-taking skills.

In a world of constant social media updates and 17 billion streaming platforms, the pastime of reading for enjoyment is quickly fading. To build your vocabulary, you have to read — it’s that simple. Studies consistently show that those who read for enjoyment have a much larger vocabulary than those who dislike reading. You have to see the words in print, not just hear someone say them. Besides, people can read and understand many more words than they could ever use in conversation.

.....

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