Foundations of Financial Risk
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TEACH YOUR STUDENTS TO READ LIKE CHAMPIONS—WITH RIGOR, INDEPENDENCE, PRECISION, AND INSIGHT The world we are preparing our students to succeed in is one bound together by words and phrases. Our students learn their literature, history, math, science, or art via a firm foundation of strong reading skills. When we teach students to read with precision, rigor, and insight, we are truly handing over the key to the kingdom. Of all the subjects we teach reading is first among equals. Grounded in advice from effective classrooms nationwide, enhanced with more than 40 video clips, Reading Reconsidered takes you into the trenches with actionable guidance from real-life educators and instructional champions. The authors address the anxiety-inducing world of Common Core State Standards, distilling from those standards four key ideas that help hone teaching practices both generally and in preparation for assessments. This 'Core of the Core' comprises the first half of the book and instructs educators on how to teach students to: read harder texts, 'closely read' texts rigorously and intentionally, read nonfiction more effectively, and write more effectively in direct response to texts. The second half of Reading Reconsidered reinforces these principles, coupling them with the 'fundamentals' of reading instruction—a host of techniques and subject specific tools to reconsider how teachers approach such essential topics as vocabulary, interactive reading, and student autonomy. Reading Reconsidered breaks an overly broad issue into clear, easy-to-implement approaches. Filled with practical tools, including: 44 video clips of exemplar teachers demonstrating the techniques and principles in their classrooms (note: for online access of this content, please visit my.teachlikeachampion.com) Recommended book lists Downloadable tips and templates on key topics like reading nonfiction, vocabulary instruction, and literary terms and definitions. Reading Reconsidered provides the framework necessary for teachers to ensure that students forge futures as lifelong readers.
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Apostolik Richard. Foundations of Financial Risk
PREFACE. The New World of Banking. Banking after the Global Financial Crisis
Acknowledgments
Introduction
CHAPTER 1. Functions and Forms of Banking
CHAPTER 2. Managing Banks
CHAPTER 3. Banking Regulation
CHAPTER 4. Credit Risk
CHAPTER 5. Credit Risk Management
CHAPTER 6. Market Risk
CHAPTER 7. Operational Risk
CHAPTER 8. Regulatory Capital and Supervision
CHAPTER 9. Insurance Risk
Glossary
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The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 will shape the ways banks are managed for many decades to come. It will also continue to affect the ways that politicians, regulators, analysts, and the general public think about banks and behave toward them.
Banking crises are not unusual. The Argentinian currency revaluation in 2001 led to a crisis for its banks, the Asian financial crisis of 1997 led to the insolvency of many of the region's banks, Sweden suffered a banking crisis in the early 1990s, and in the mid-1970s many second-tier British banks suffered huge losses as a result of a collapse in property prices.
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Although the Greek crisis originated with problems in the Greek government's finances, it quickly became clear that Greek banks would be affected. Most obviously, they held large amounts of their own government's bonds, and the government's ability to repay these bonds was now in doubt. Furthermore, as investors worried about the ability of the Greek government to repay its debts, they pushed up the cost of new borrowing to Greece and this in turn led to higher funding costs for Greek banks. More generally, the Greek government's budgetary crisis revealed broader mismanagement within the Greek economy, including state-owned enterprises that were not servicing the loans that they had received from banks.
As the problems in Greece unfolded, analysts turned their attention to other Eurozone countries that had been running large budget deficits, such as Portugal, Spain, and Cyprus. Although the fundamental problems lay with government budgets, banks based in these countries also experienced difficulties either as a result of their direct exposure to their governments, because international investors were refusing to provide funds to any institutions in that particular country, or because the problems at the government level were symptomatic of broader economic mismanagement whose full extent only came to light as a result of the crisis.
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