The Niagara River

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Archer Butler Hulbert. The Niagara River

The Niagara River

Table of Contents

The Niagara River

Chapter I

Buffalo and the Upper Niagara

A Glimpse of Buffalo Harbor

Lafayette Square

ARARAT, A CITY OF REFUGE FOR THE JEWS, FOUNDED BY MORDECAI MANUEL NOAH, IN THE MONTH OF TISRI 5586—SEPT. 1825. IN THE FIFTIETH YEAR OF. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE

St. Paul's Church, Buffalo

Niagara Falls. From the original painting by Frederick Edwin Church, in Corcoran Gallery

The American Rapids

The View from Prospect Point. From a photograph by Notman, Montreal

Chapter II

From the Falls to Lake Ontario

Goat Island Bridge and Rapids

Horseshoe Falls from Below

"The Shoreless Sea." From a photograph by Notman, Montreal

Our hearts are restless until they rest in Thee

Rustic Bridge, Willow Island

All is change. Eternal progress. No Death!

The Cave of the Winds

The American Fall. From a photograph by Notman, Montreal

Remains of Stone Piers of the "First Railway in America"—the British Tramway up Lewiston Heights, 1763

Amid the Goat Island Group. From a photograph by Notman, Montreal

Horseshoe Falls from the Canadian Shore. From a photograph by Notman, Montreal

Looking up the Lower Niagara from Paradise Grove. From a photograph by Wm. Quinn, Niagara-on-the-Lake

The Mouth of the Gorge. From a photograph by Notman, Montreal

The Whirlpool Rapids

Chapter III

The Birth of Niagara

The American Fall, July, 1765. From an unsigned original drawing in the British Museum

The Horseshoe Fall, July, 1765. From an unsigned original drawing in the British Museum

Ice Mountain on Prospect Point

Cave of the Winds in Winter

"Maid of the Mist" under Steel Arch Bridge

Chapter IV

Niagara Bond and Free

Beacon on Old Breakwater at Buffalo

Winter Scene in Prospect Park

Bath Island, American Rapids, in 1879. From New York Commissioners' Report

Path to Luna Island

Green Island Bridge

Chapter V

Harnessing Niagara Falls

Bird's-eye View of the Canadian Rapids and Fall. From a photograph by Notman, Montreal

American Falls from Below

The Riverside at Willow Island

Chapter VI

A Century of Niagara Cranks

Goat Island Bridge. Showing Niagara's Famous Cataract and International Hotels

The Path to the Cave of the Winds. From a photograph by Notman, Montreal

Go East via Lake Winipiseogee R. R

American Falls from Goat Island

Horseshoe Falls from Goat Island

Ice Bridge and American Falls

Chapter VII

The Old Niagara Frontier

Colonel Römer's Map of the Country of the Iroquois, 1700

Champlain

Map of French Forts in America, 1750-60

Niagara Falls by Father Hennepin. The first known picture of Niagara, dated 1697

Chapter VIII

From La Salle to De Nonville

R. Réné Cavelier, Sieur De La Salle

Frontenac, from Hébert's Statue at Quebec

Luna Island Bridge

"Carte du Lac Ontario." A Specimen French Map of the Niagara Frontier. Dated October 4, 1757. From the original in the British Museum

Chapter IX

Niagara under Three Flags

Stones on the Site of Joncaire's Cabin under Lewiston Heights, where the Magazine Royal was Erected in 1719

Specimen Manuscript Map of Niagara Frontier of Eighteenth Century. From the original in the British Museum

A Drawing of Fort Niagara and Environs Showing Plan of English Attack under Johnson

A Sketch of Fort Niagara and Environs; by the French Commander Pouchot, Showing Improvements of 1756-1758

A Sketch of Fort Niagara and Environs; by the French Commander Pouchot, Showing Improvements of 1756-1758

Canadian Trapper, from La Potherie

Youngstown, N. Y., from Paradise Grove

The Stone Redoubt at Fort Niagara, Built in 1770. From the original in the British Museum

Pfister's Sketch of Fort Niagara and the "Communication," Two Years before the Outbreak of the Revolutionary War

Fort Erie and the Mouth of the Niagara, by Pfister, in 1764. From the original in the British Museum

Chapter X

The Hero of Upper Canada

Major-General Brock

A Plan of Fort Niagara after English Occupation, by Montresor

"Navy Hall Opposite Niagara." A drawing on bark by Mrs. Simcoe

Queenston and Brock's Monument. From a photograph by Wm. Quinn, Niagara-on-the-Lake

Brock's Monument

Chapter XI

The Second War with England

"Queenston or Landing near Niagara." A drawing on bark by Mrs. Simcoe

Lieutenant Pierie's Sketch of Niagara, 1768. From an old print

Old View of Fort Mississauga

Monument at Lundy's Lane

Chapter XII

Toronto

Lieutenant-General Simcoe

"York Harbor." A drawing on bark by Mrs. Simcoe

"The Garrison at York." A drawing on bark by Mrs. Simcoe

Captain Sowers's drawings of Fort Niagara, 1769. From the original in the British Museum

Index

Footnote

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Archer Butler Hulbert

Published by Good Press, 2021

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A most original and interesting study of the music of the great Falls was made some years ago in a more or less technical way by Eugene Thayer.[7] It had been this gentleman's theory that Niagara had never been heard as it should be heard, and his mission at the cataract was accomplished when there met his ears, not the "roar," but, rather, a perfectly constructed musical tone, clear, definite, and unapproachable in its majestic proportions; in fact Mr. Thayer affirms that the trained ear at Niagara should hear "a complete series of tones, all uniting in one grand and noble unison, as in the organ, and all as easily recognisable as the notes of any great chord in music." He had heard it rumoured that persons had been known to secure a pitch of the tone of Niagara; he essayed to secure not only the pitch of the chief or ground tone, but that of all accessory or upper tones otherwise known as harmonic or overtones, together with the beat or accent of the Falls and its rhythmical vibrations.

All the tones above the ground tone have been named overtones or harmonics; the tones below are called the subharmonics, or undertones. It will be noticed that they form the complete natural harmony of the ground tone. What is the real pitch of this chord? According to our regular musical notation, the fourth note given represents the normal pitch of diapason; the reason being that the eight-foot tone is the only one that gives the notes as written. According to nature, I must claim the first, or lowest note, as the real or ground tone. In this latter way I shall represent the true tone or pitch of Niagara.

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