Оглавление
Artem Zurabyan. Principle of independence
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENCE. 2.1 Cartesian coordinate system and independence principle
3. THE PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENCE IN INDUSTRIAL HOUSE BUILDING. LOTOS HOUSES. 3.1 Existing methods of construction with minimum housing costs
4. INFLUENCE OF THE CURVILINEAR ENCLOSING STRUCTURES ON THE ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS. 4.1 Comparison of apartments in «Lotus» houses and apartments in large-panel buildings
5. «LOTUS» HOUSES ON DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT SITES
6. CONCLUSION
Отрывок из книги
A large part of the population of many countries in the world needs comfortable housing, but not everyone in the cities can afford individual houses and large apartments in luxury multistory frame buildings, so the main capital housing are multistory large-panel buildings. They are built mostly on relatively cheap plots of land or on plots provided practically for free. In these conditions, the cost of the construction of the building significantly affects the cost of apartments, so the task of construction is to reduce the cost of mass houses, which would make housing available to a wider range of people. These requirements are met by multistory large-panel and volumetric block construction. Despite the considerable success of such construction, housing is still an expensive basic necessity.
In many countries there are at best about twenty-five square meters of living space per capita, while in European countries and the United States of America it is about forty five to sixty five square meters. Thus the housing stock should be doubled in order to achieve an acceptable level. At the same time, given the climatic conditions, the cost of land and structures, to abandon multistory building is unlikely. And if so, on the contrary, high-rise construction is moving to high-rise construction. This trend has been observed recently in many countries. Thus, the task of significantly reducing the cost of construction of high-rise buildings remains relevant.
.....
Horizontal ceilings are an inviolable element in the construction of multistory houses. It is almost impossible to move away from the need to perform them in the form of flat structures, whether they are girder systems or slabs. In any case, the upper surface must be flat. In the Cartesian coordinate system, residential cells also have flat vertical enclosing structures. Flat wall structures that separate adjacent rooms are almost always the same thickness along the length.
The aesthetic perception of the plane imposes certain requirements on their quality. Such a plane must be so precise, in terms of deviation from ideal dimensions, that it must also be perceived as perfectly flat. In terms of mass construction is an expensive procedure that requires a significant cost, but which is perceived as inevitable. It is exacerbated by the subsequent desire to create multiple layers of high-quality finishes, often including plaster, putty, paint or other finishes, the price of which, to meet the ideal plane, often becomes even comparable to the cost of construction. Thus, the enclosing, relatively perfect plane becomes a labor-intensive, expensive structure even when inexpensive layers of finishing materials are used.
.....
