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Arthur E. P. The Life and Times of Akhenaton, Pharaoh of Egypt
The Life and Times of Akhenaton, Pharaoh of Egypt
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
I. THE PARENTS AND GRANDPARENTS OF AKHENATON
1. THE ANCESTORS OF AKHENATON
2. THE GODS OF EGYPT
3. THE DEMIGODS AND SPIRITS—THE PRIESTHOODS
4. THOTHMES IV. AND MUTEMUA
5. YUAA AND TUAU
6. AMONHOTEP III. AND HIS COURT
II. THE BIRTH AND EARLY YEARS OF AKHENATON
1. THE BIRTH OF AKHENATON
2. THE RISE OF ATON
3. THE POWER OF QUEEN TIY
4. Akhenaton’S MARRIAGE
5. THE ACCESSION OF AKHENATON
6. THE FIRST YEARS OF AKHENATON’S REIGN
7. THE NEW ART
8. THE NEW RELIGION DEVELOPS
9. THE NATURE OF THE NEW RELIGION
III. AKHENATON FOUNDS A NEW CITY
1. THE BREAK WITH THE PRIESTHOOD OF AMON-RA
2. AKHENATON SELECTS THE SITE OF HIS CITY
3. THE FIRST FOUNDATION INSCRIPTION
4. THE SECOND FOUNDATION INSCRIPTION
5. THE DEPARTURE FROM THEBES
6. THE AGE OF AKHENATON
IV. AKHENATON FORMULATES THE RELIGION OF ATON
1. ATON THE TRUE GOD
2. ATON THE TENDER FATHER OF ALL CREATION
3. ATON WORSHIPPED AT SUNRISE AND SUNSET
4. THE GOODNESS OF ATON
5. Akhenaton THE “SON OF GOD” BY TRADITIONAL RIGHT
6. THE CONNECTIONS OF THE ATON WORSHIP WITH OLDER RELIGIONS
7. THE SPIRITUAL NEEDS OF THE SOUL AFTER DEATH
8. THE MATERIAL NEEDS OF THE SOUL
V. THE TENTH TO THE TWELFTH YEARS OF THE REIGN OF AKHENATON
1. THE HYMNS OF THE ATON WORSHIPPERS
2. THE SIMILARITY OF Akhenaton’S HYMN TO PSALM CIV
3. MERYRA IS MADE HIGH PRIEST OF ATON
4. THE ROYAL FAMILY VISIT THE TEMPLE
5. AKHENATON IN HIS PALACE
6. HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THIS PERIOD OF AKHENATON’S REIGN
7. QUEEN TIY VISITS THE CITY OF THE HORIZON
8. TIY VISITS HER TEMPLE
9. THE DEATH OF QUEEN TIY
VI. THE THIRTEENTH TO THE FIFTEENTH YEARS OF THE REIGN OF AKHENATON
1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RELIGION OF ATON
2. AKHENATON OBLITERATES THE NAME OF AMON
3. THE GREAT TEMPLE OF ATON
4. THE BEAUTY OF THE CITY
5. AKHENATON’S AFFECTION FOR HIS FAMILY
6. AKHENATON’S FRIENDS
7. AKHENATON’S TROUBLES
VII. THE LAST TWO YEARS OF THE REIGN OF AKHENATON
1. THE HITTITE INVASION OF SYRIA
2. AKHENATON’S CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTIONS TO WARFARE
3. THE FAITHLESSNESS OF AZIRU
4. THE FIGHTING IN SYRIA BECOMES GENERAL
5. AZIRU AND RIBADDI FIGHT TO A FINISH
6. AKHENATON CONTINUES TO REFUSE TO SEND HELP
7. AKHENATON’S HEALTH GIVES WAY
8. AKHENATON’S LAST DAYS AND DEATH
VIII. THE FALL OF THE RELIGION OF AKHENATON
1. THE BURIAL OF AKHENATON
2. THE COURT RETURNS TO THEBES
3. THE REIGN OF HOREMHEB
4. THE PERSECUTION OF AKHENATON’S MEMORY
5. THE FINDING OF THE BODY OF AKHENATON
FOOTNOTES:
Отрывок из книги
Arthur E. P. Brome Weigall
Illustrated Edition
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Some time before he came to the throne he had married a daughter of the King of Mitanni, a North-Syrian state which acted as a buffer between the Egyptian possessions in Syria and the hostile lands of Asia Minor and Mesopotamia, and which it was desirable, therefore, to placate by such a union. There is little doubt that this princess is to be identified with the Queen Mutemua, of whom several monuments exist, and who was the mother of Amonhotep III., the son and successor of Thothmes IV. A foreign element was thus introduced into the court which much altered its character, and led to numerous changes of a very radical nature. It may be that this Asiatic influence induced the Pharaoh to give further encouragement to the priest of Heliopolis. The god Atum, the aspect of Ra as the setting sun, was, as has been said, of common origin with Aton or Adonis, who was largely worshipped in North Syria; and the foreign queen with her retinue may have therefore felt more sympathy with Heliopolis than with Thebes. Moreover, it was the Asiatic tendency to speculate in religious questions, and the doctrines of the priests of the northern god were more flexible and more adaptable to the thinker than was the stiff, formal creed of Amon. Thus, the foreign thought which had now been introduced into Egypt, and especially into the palace, may have contributed somewhat to the dissatisfaction with the state religion which becomes apparent during this reign.
Very little is known of the character of Thothmes IV., and nothing which bears upon that of his grandson Akhenaton is to be ascertained. Although of feeble health and unmanly physique, he was a fond upholder of the martial dignity of Egypt. He delighted to honour the memory of those Pharaohs of the past who had achieved the greatest fame as warriors. Thus he restored the monuments of Thothmes III., of Aahmes I., and of Senusert III.,10 the three greatest military leaders of Egyptian history. As a decoration for his chariot there were scenes representing him trampling upon his foes; and when he died many weapons of war were buried with him. Of Queen Mutemua’s character nothing is known; and the attention of the reader may at once be carried on to Akhenaton’s maternal grandparents, the father and mother of Queen Tiy.
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