Cocoa and Chocolate

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Arthur William Knapp. Cocoa and Chocolate

Cocoa and Chocolate

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

Cacao or Cocoa?

Cacao Beans and Coconuts

CHAPTER I

COCOA AND CHOCOLATE—A SKETCH OF THEIR HISTORY

Original Home of Cacao

Montezuma—the First Great Patron of Chocolate

The Fascination of Chocolate

Cacao Beans as Money

Derivation of Chocolate

First Cacao in Europe

Chocolate Houses and Clubs

Tax on Cacao

Duty on Cacao

Introduction of Cocoa Powder

Growing Popularity of Cacao Preparations

CHAPTER II

CACAO AND ITS CULTIVATION

Climate Necessary

Factors of Geographical Distribution

The Cacao Tree

The Flowers, Leaves and Fruit

The Cacao Pod

Botanical Description

Varieties of Theobroma Cacao

Extremes of Characteristics

The Cacao Plantation

Clearing the Land

Suitable Soil

Manure

Planting

Shade: Temporary and Permanent

Form of Tree-growth Desired: Suckers

Diseases of the Cacao Tree

CHAPTER III

HARVESTING AND PREPARATION FOR THE MARKET

Gathering and Heaping

Breaking and Extracting

Fermenting

Changes during Fermentation

CACAO BEANS

Loss on Fermenting and Drying

The Washing of Cacao

Claying, Colouring, and Polishing Cacao

The Weight of the Cured Cacao Bean

The Yield of the Cacao Tree

The Kind of Cacao that Manufacturers Like.[6]

CHAPTER IV

CACAO PRODUCTION AND SALE

WORLD PRODUCTION OF CACAO

CACAO PRODUCTION OF THE CHIEF PRODUCING AREAS OF THE WORLD

SOUTH AMERICAN CACAO

CACAO BEANS EXPORTED

THE WEST INDIES

CACAO BEANS EXPORTED

AFRICAN CACAO

CACAO BEANS EXPORTED

PRODUCTION OF CACAO ON THE GOLD COAST

CACAO MARKETS

From the Plantation to the European Market

Difficulties of Buying

Cacao Sales

Prices and Quotations

The Call of the Tropics

The Planter's Life

CHAPTER V

THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE

Early Methods in the Tropics

Early European Manufacture

MODERN PRACTICE

(a) Arrival at the Factory

(b) Sorting the Beans

(c) Roasting the Beans

(d) Removing the Shells

(e) Breaking the Bean into Fragments

(f) Separating the Germs

(g) Blending

(h) Grinding the Cacao Nibs to Produce Mass

(i) Pressing out the excess of Butter

(j) Breaking Down the Press Cake to Cocoa Powder

(k) Sieving

(l) Packing

CHAPTER VI

THE MANUFACTURE OF CHOCOLATE

SPECIMEN OUTLINE RECIPE

(a) Preparing the Nib or "Mass."

(b) Mixing in the Sugar

(c) Grinding the Mixture

(d) Conching

(e) Flavouring

(f) Moulding

SPECIMEN OUTLINE RECIPE

Milk Chocolate

SPECIMEN OUTLINE RECIPE

CHAPTER VII

BY-PRODUCTS OF THE COCOA AND CHOCOLATE INDUSTRY

Cacao Butter

ANALYTICAL FIGURES FOR CACAO BUTTER

EXPORT OF CACAO BUTTER

IMPORTS OF CACAO BUTTER

IMPORTS OF CACAO BUTTER

Cacao Shell

ANALYSIS OF CACAO SHELL

FOOD UNITS

CACAO SHELL

AVERAGE PRICE PER TON

PRICE PER FOOD UNIT

CHAPTER VIII

THE COMPOSITION AND FOOD VALUE OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE

Food Value of Cacao Beans

AVERAGE COMPOSITION AND FUEL VALUE OF FRESHLY ROASTED CACAO BEANS (NIBS)

Food Value of Cocoa

AVERAGE COMPOSITION AND FUEL VALUE OF UNTREATED COCOA

COMPARISON OF ENERGY-GIVING POWER OF A PINT OF TEA, COFFEE AND COCOA

How to Make a Cup of Cocoa

Digestibility of Cocoa

Stimulating Property of Cocoa

"Soluble" Cocoa

Food Value of Chocolate

AVERAGE COMPOSITION AND FUEL VALUE OF ENGLISH EATING CHOCOLATE

FUEL VALUE OF FOODSTUFFS

Food Value of Milk Chocolate

ANALYSIS AND FUEL VALUE OF MILK CHOCOLATE

CHAPTER IX

ADULTERATION AND THE NEED FOR DEFINITIONS

COCOA

CHOCOLATE

CHAPTER X

THE CONSUMPTION OF CACAO

Great Britain

CACAO BEANS CLEARED FOR HOME CONSUMPTION

CACAO BEANS IMPORTED INTO UNITED KINGDOM

CACAO BEANS IMPORTED INTO UNITED KINGDOM

VALUE OF CACAO BEANS IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED KINGDOM (TO NEAREST £1,000)

World Consumption

WORLD'S CONSUMPTION OF CACAO BEANS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS ON COCOA AND CHOCOLATE ARRANGED IN ORDER OF DATE OF PUBLICATION

1600–1700

1701–1800

1801–1900

MODERN WORKS, 1901–1920 (a) Cacao Cultivation

(b) Chocolate Manufacture

(c) General

PERIODICALS

Cacao Production

Statistics

Manufacture

Chemistry

INDEX

Отрывок из книги

Arthur William Knapp

Their History from Plantation to Consumer

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From the Plantation to the European Market.

Difficulties of Buying.

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