Оглавление
Aws Alani. Dental Trauma at a Glance
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Dental Trauma at a Glance
Foreword
Preface
About the companion website
1 Risk factors for dental trauma
Introduction
Oral predisposing factors
Unintentional traumatic dental injuries
Socioeconomic factors
Human behaviour
Learning difficulties or physical limitations
Intentional traumatic dental injuries
Iatrogenic injuries
Road traffic accidents
Key Points
2 Prevention of dental trauma
Introduction
Mouth guards
Ideal features of mouth guards
Common pitfalls
Helmet
Seat belts
Overjet reduction
Past experience
Key Points
3 Essential armamentarium
Introduction
Team approach
Equipment for diagnosis
Equipment for repositioning teeth
Equipment for tooth stabilisation
Equipment for tooth restoration
Equipment for pulp management
Equipment for endodontic treatment
Equipment for review and splint removal
4 Examination of dental trauma
Introduction
Questions to ask. Was there a period of unconsciousness?
When did the injury occur?
Where did the injury occur?
How did the injury occur?
What emergency treatment, if any, has been carried out?
Do you have any pain or change in sensation to your skin?
Does your bite feel different?
Have you had trauma before?
Medical history
Clinical examination
Clinical tests
Pulp testing
Radiographic examination
Photographs
Signs and symptoms that warrant a referral to a maxillofacial unit
5 Infraction
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management
Follow‐up
Prognosis
Key Points
6 Enamel fracture
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management options
Follow‐up
Prognosis
Key Points
7 Enamel–dentine fracture
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management options
Follow‐up
Prognosis
Key Points
8 Enamel–dentine–pulp fracture
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management
Follow‐up
Prognosis
Key Points
9 Crown–root fracture
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Emergency management
Definitive treatment options
Follow‐up
Prognosis at one year
Key Points
10 Crown–root fracture with pulp involvement
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Emergency management
Follow‐up
Definitive treatment options
Prognosis at one year
Key Points
11 Root fracture
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management options
Follow‐up
Prognosis at one year
Key Points
12 Alveolar process fracture
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management options
Complications
Follow‐up
Prognosis at one year
Key Points
13 Concussion
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management
Follow‐up
Prognosis at one year
Key Points
14 Subluxation
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management
Follow‐up
Prognosis at one year
Key Points
15 Extrusive luxation
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management
Follow‐up
Future management
Prognosis at one year
Key Points
16 Intrusive luxation
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Emergency management options
Follow‐up
Future management
Prognosis at one year
Key Points
17 Lateral luxation
Definition
Aetiology
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management
For delayed presentation of lateral luxation injuries
Follow‐up
Prognosis at one year
Key Points
18 Features of luxation injuries and principles of repositioning
Features of a luxation injury
Crushing injuries. Periodontal ligament
Pulp
Separation injuries. Periodontal ligament
Pulp
Management
Repositioning
Inappropriate or delayed repositioning
Sequalae
Key Points
19 Avulsion of a tooth with a closed apex
Definition
Aetiology
Implications
Emergency advice for patients
Clinical examination
Radiographic findings
Management options
Post‐operative care
Follow up
Prognosis at one year with extra alveolar dry time less than 60 minutes
Key Points
20 Principles of splinting
Indications for splinting
Contraindications
Ideal properties of a flexible splint
Alternatives
Complications of splinting
Step‐by‐step guide to splinting
Key Points
21 Post‐operative instructions
Pain relief
Swelling
Soft diet
Oral hygiene
Lip balm
Antibiotics
Tetanus
Splint loosening
Prevention
Follow up
22 Follow‐up and splint removal
Follow‐up
Clinical examination
Pulp testing
Radiographic examination
Splint removal
Pulp healing
Periodontal healing
Alveolar healing
Key Points
23 Indications for endodontic treatment
Definition
Symptoms
Clinical examination
Special tests
Radiographs
Reaching a diagnosis
Special considerations. Inter‐visit medicament
Horizontal root fracture
Avulsion
Pulp canal obliteration
Root resorption
Key Points
24 Sclerosis
Definition
Aetiology
Prevalence
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management. Monitor
Vital bleaching
Restoration
Endodontics
Prognosis
Key Points
25 Discolouration
Definition
Aetiology
Intrinsic. Yellow/brown
Red/brown
Pink
Grey
Black
Extrinsic. Brown
Implications
Key Points
26 Management of the immature root
Acute management
Delayed management
Clinical examination
Radiographic examination
Establishment of the working length
Preparation of the open apex
Canal dressing
Obturation
Key Points
27 Root resorption – external replacement
Definition
Aetiology
Prevalence
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management
Follow‐up
Prognosis
Key Points
28 Root resorption – external cervical
Definition
Aetiology
Prevalence
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management options
Follow up
Prognosis
Key Points
29 Root resorption – internal inflammatory
Definition
Aetiology
Prevalence
Clinical examination
Pulp test findings
Radiographic findings
Implications
Management options
Follow up
Prognosis
Key Points
30 Tooth replacement options
Space closure
Factors to consider for a removable prosthesis
Design considerations for a removable prosthesis
Factors to consider for resin bonded bridge provision
Design features for resin bonded bridges‐retainer wing
Design features for resin bonded bridges‐pontic
Cementation
Conventional fixed‐ fixed bridge
Factors to consider for implant placement
Ongoing maintenance
Key Points
31 Autotransplantation
Definition
Indication
Benefits
Multidisciplinary team approach
The team should include specialists in
Assessment. The patient
Donor tooth
Recipient site
Predictive factors
Unfavourable outcomes
Maintenance of the autotransplanted tooth. Crown aesthetics
Gingival aesthetics
Endodontic therapy
Key Points
32 The role of orthodontics
Prevention of dental trauma
Immediate post dental trauma. Splinting
Definitive treatment options. Orthodontic extrusion
Autotransplantation
Space opening
Space closure
Risks associated with orthodontics
Key Points
Appendix A Splinting times and follow up intervals for fracture and displacement injuries in the adult dentition
Appendix B: Management of dental trauma in the primary dentition
References. Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
