Autonomy

Autonomy
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In everyday life, we generally assume that we can make our own decisions on matters which concern our own lives. We assume that a life followed only according to decisions taken by other people, against our will, cannot be a well-lived life – we assume, in other words, that we are and should be autonomous. However, it is equally true that many aspects of our lives are not chosen freely: this is true of social relations and commitments but also of all those situations we simply seem to stumble into, situations which just seem to happen to us. The possibility of both the success of an autonomous life and its failure are part of our everyday experiences. In this brilliant and illuminating book, Beate Roessler examines the tension between failing and succeeding to live an autonomous life and the obstacles we have to face when we try to live our life autonomously, obstacles within ourselves as well as those that stem from social and political conditions. She highlights the ambiguities we encounter, examines the roles of self-awareness and self-deception, explores the role of autonomy for the meaning of life, and maps out the social and political conditions necessary for autonomy. Informed by philosophical perspectives but also drawing on literary texts, such as those of Siri Hustvedt and Jane Austen, and diaries, including those of Franz Kafka and Sylvia Plath, Roessler develops a formidable defense of autonomy against excessive expectations and, above all, against overpowering skepticism.

Оглавление

Beate Roessler. Autonomy

Table of Contents

Guide

Pages

Autonomy

Dedication

Autonomy. An Essay on the Life Well Lived

Copyright Page

Preface to the English Edition

Preface

Introduction: Autonomy in Everyday Life

Notes

1 What is Autonomy? A Conceptual Approach

Remarks on the history of the concept

Negative freedom, positive freedom, autonomy

Conditions of individual autonomy

Autonomy and rational plans

Notes

2 Ambivalences

Various forms of ambivalence

Ambivalence as a disease of the will

Is an ambivalent will a healthy will?

The ambivalent self

Conflicts of ambivalence as conflicts of identity

Autonomy and the acceptance of conflicts

Notes

3 Autonomy and the Meaning of Life

Why do we value autonomy?

Sisyphus contented

Does the meaning of life consist in the satisfaction of desire?

The objective meaning of life

Mill’s crisis and subjective meaning in life

When does the question of meaning arise?

Notes

4 Autonomy, Self-Knowledge, and Self-Deception

Self-knowledge and self-determination

Self-deception: how can I be mistaken about myself?

How can self-knowledge fail? On fundamental epistemic uncertainties

The quantified self

Notes

5 Autonomy, Self-Thematization, Self-Examination: From Diaries to Blogs

Self-examination, self-control, reflection

Why diaries? And which diaries?

Autonomy in the diary: examples

Blogs and the new technologies of self-examination

What is the framework of autonomy?

Notes

6 Autonomous Choice and the Good Life

The question of the good life and perfectionism

Happiness, autonomy, and meaning

The significance of choosing: conditions of an autonomous decision

Who actually chooses and in what context?

Alienation (and authenticity)

Virtue and character

Notes

7 Private Life

Why privacy?

Dimensions of privacy

Informational privacy, social relationships, and autonomy

Autonomous persons in relationships (I)

Autonomy and domestic privacy: autonomous persons in relationships (II)

Privacy and democratic society

Notes

8 Social Preconditions of Autonomy

What are social conditions?

The social constitution of autonomy

Autonomy, ideology, and adaptive preferences

Social opportunities and justice

Between autonomy and oppression: limiting cases

Notes

9 The Reality of Autonomy

Autonomy is not an illusion

The significance of social practices

Social unfreedom and implicit bias

Aspects of moral responsibility

Autonomy and the life well lived

Notes

Bibliography

Index

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Отрывок из книги

In everyday life, we generally assume that we can make our own decisions on matters which concern our own lives. We assume that a life followed only according to decisions taken by other people, against our will, cannot be a well-lived life – we assume, in other words, that we are and should be autonomous. However, it is equally true that many aspects of our lives are not chosen freely: this is true of social relations and commitments but also of all those situations we simply seem to stumble into, situations which just seem to happen to us. The possibility of both the success of an autonomous life and its failure are part of our everyday experiences.

In this brilliant and illuminating book, Beate Roessler examines the tension between failing and succeeding to live an autonomous life and the obstacles we have to face when we try to live our life autonomously, obstacles within ourselves as well as those that stem from social and political conditions. She highlights the ambiguities we encounter, examines the roles of self-awareness and self-deception, explores the role of autonomy for the meaning of life, and maps out the social and political conditions necessary for autonomy. Informed by philosophical perspectives but also drawing on literary texts, such as those of Siri Hustvedt and Jane Austen, and diaries, including those of Franz Kafka and Sylvia Plath, Roessler develops a formidable defense of autonomy against excessive expectations and, above all, against overpowering skepticism.

.....

In chapter 3, I ask why autonomy is in fact so valuable and important. I pose this question as the question of the relationship between autonomy and the meaning of life. Is a life meaningful only if it is autonomous? And can it be meaningful – and autonomous – without being happy? Must it be objectively meaningful, or is it enough if it can be understood as autonomous and subjectively meaningful? Here again, I shall draw on literary examples in order to better understand these tensions or contradictions and to demonstrate the constitutive connection between self-determination and meaning in one’s own life.

Persons who act autonomously know what they think and know what they want. That is, in order for individuals to be able to act and live autonomously, they must know themselves. But how – after Freud – can we demand self-transparency as a condition of autonomy? Chapter 4 considers the question of what form of self-awareness and self-knowledge we can reasonably attribute to an autonomous person, given the widespread phenomenon of self-deception. I also discuss whether or not new “self-tracking technologies” are in fact capable of contributing to self-knowledge and thus promoting autonomy.

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