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Ben Piper. CCNP Enterprise Certification Study Guide: Implementing and Operating Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies
CCNP® Enterprise Certification Study Guide
Acknowledgments
About the Author
CONTENTS
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Introduction
Cisco's Professional Network Certifications
Is CCNP Certification Right for You?
Study Tips
Prerequisites and Lab Requirements
How to Use This Book
What Does This Book Cover?
Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test Bank
Exam Objectives
Objective Map
Assessment Test
Answers to Assessment Test
Chapter 1 Networking Fundamentals
The OSI Model
The Upper Layers: Application, Presentation, and Session
Making Sense of Layers
The Lower Layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, and Transport
Layer 1: The Physical Layer
Layer 2: The Data Link Layer
A Brief History of Ethernet
The MAC Address Table
Maximum Transmission Unit
Subnet Limits
Layer 3: The Network Layer
Forwarding within a Subnet
Forwarding between Subnets
Address Resolution Protocol
Fragmentation
Routing vs. Forwarding
Layer 4: The Transport Layer
Transmission Control Protocol
Connection Establishment
Connection Termination
Connection Reset
Error Control
Flow Control
Congestion Avoidance
Encapsulation and Decapsulation
Encapsulation and Multiplexing
Decapsulation and Splitting
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 2 Spanning Tree Protocols
The Need for Spanning Tree
VLANs and Trunking
Dynamic Trunking
Unconditional Trunking
Active and Allowed VLANs
Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree
Electing the Root Bridge
Calculating the Root Ports
Calculating the Root Ports of Indirectly Connected Switches
Modifying Port Cost
Modifying Port Priority
Calculating Blocked Ports
Port States
Port Roles
Link Types
Point-to-Point (P2P)
P2P Edge
Shared
Multiple Spanning Tree
Root Bridges and Port Priority
Internal Spanning Tree
Native VLAN
Topology Change Detection
Spanning Tree Extensions
Root Guard
BPDU Guard and BPDU Filter
Unidirectional Link Detection
Loop Guard
Summary
Exam Essentials
Exercises
Review Questions
Chapter 3 Enterprise Network Design
Physical Network Architectures
Comparing Campus and Data Center Networks
Campus Networks
Data Center Networks
The Three-Tier Architecture
Core Layer
Access-Distribution Block
Distribution or Aggregation Layer
Access Layer
The Two-Tier Collapsed Core: A Cheaper Alternative
Layer 2 Design
Switched and Routed Interfaces
Switched Topologies
Looped Topologies
Loop-Free Topologies
Loop-Free U-Topologies
Virtual Switching System
Routed Access Topology
EtherChannels
Load-Balancing Methods
Static EtherChannels
Port Aggregation Control Protocol
Link Aggregation Control Protocol
First-Hop Redundancy Protocols
Hot Standby Router Protocol
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Gateway Load-Balancing Protocol
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 4 Wireless LAN (WLAN)
Radio Frequency Fundamentals
Frequency and Amplitude
Frequency
Amplitude
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Power Levels
Decibel (dB)
Decibel-Milliwatt (DBm)
Antenna Types
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
Free Space Path Loss and Wavelength
Received Signal Strength
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
WLAN 802.11 Standards
The Physical Layer: Frequencies and Channels
Channels
The 2.4 GHz Band
The 5 GHz Band
Dealing with Signal Degradation
Comparing 802.11 Physical Standards
Layer 2: 802.11 Media Access Control (MAC)
Media Access
Authentication
Association
Encryption
Error Control and Flow Control
Acknowledgments
Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
Request-to-Send/Clear-to-Send (RTS/CTS)
802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC)
Achieving High Throughput with Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output
Access Point Modes
Autonomous
Lightweight
Wireless LAN Controller Selection Process
WLC Discovery
Selection and Join
Roaming and Location Services
Roaming
Roaming between Autonomous APs
Roaming between Lightweight APs
Auto-Anchor Mobility
Location Services
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 5 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Link-State Advertisements
OSPF Areas
LSA Types
Type 1—Router LSA
Type 2—Network LSA
Network Types
Type 3—Summary LSA
Type 4—Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) Summary LSA and Type 5—AS External LSA
Neighbor Operations
Configuring OSPF
Configuring Area 0 on a Broadcast Network
Viewing Neighbor Adjacencies
Rigging the Designated Router Election
Viewing and Understanding LSAs
Viewing Type 1 Router LSAs
Viewing Type 2 Network LSAs
Configuring Area 23 on a Point-to-Point Network
Viewing Type 3 Summary LSAs
Authentication
Authentication Types
Configuring Interface Authentication
Configuring Area Authentication
Passive Interfaces
Injecting a Default Route
Inter-Area Summarization
Route Filtering
Distribute Lists
Summary
Exam Essentials
Exercises
Review Questions
Chapter 6 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
EIGRP Fundamentals
EIGRP Packet Types
Hellos
Updates
Acknowledgments
The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Feasible Successors
Queries and Replies
Weighted Metrics
Bandwidth
Delay
Load
Reliability
Configuring EIGRP
Equal Cost Multipathing
Modifying Metrics
Switching Types
Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)
Process Switching
Unequal Cost Multipathing
Summary
Exam Essentials
Exercises
Review Questions
Chapter 7 The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
BGP Fundamentals
BGP AS Numbers
AS Path Length
Loop Prevention
BGP Session States
Configuring BGP
Advertising Prefixes
Path Selection
Weight
Local Preference
Shortest AS Path
The Origin Type
The Multi-Exit Discriminator
eBGP over iBGP
Lowest IGP Cost to the BGP Next Hop
Oldest Route
Lowest RID
Route Redistribution among BGP, OSPF, and EIGRP
Mutual Redistribution between BGP and OSPF
Mutual Redistribution between BGP and EIGRP
Testing IP Reachability Using Tcl Scripts
Troubleshooting
Modifying Weight
Advertising Summary Routes Using Route Aggregation
Route Filtering Using Route Maps and Prefix Lists
Summary
Exam Essentials
Exercises
Review Questions
Chapter 8 Network Address Translation and Multicast
Network Address Translation
Address Types
Inside Local
Inside Global
Outside Global
Outside Local
Static NAT
Configuring Static NAT
Conditional Debugging
Dynamic NAT
Configuring Dynamic NAT
Configuring and Advertising Loopback Interfaces
Configuring the Global Address Pool
Configuring the Source NAT Access List
NAT Overload with Port Address Translation
Configuring Port Address Translation with a Single Global Address
Configuring PAT with a Global Address Pool
Outside Static NAT
Removing NAT Configurations
Multicast
IP Multicast
Local Network Control Block (224.0.0.0/24)
Internetwork Control Block (224.0.1.0/24)
Administratively Scoped Block (239.0.0.0/8)
LAN Multicast
Converting between Multicast MAC and IP Addresses
Internet Group Management Protocol
IGMP Snooping
Multicast Routing
Protocol Independent Multicast
Configuring PIM
Simulating a Multicast Source
Viewing the Multicast IP Routing Table
Reverse Path Forwarding Check
Configuring a Multicast Receiver
IP Multicast and Ethernet
Scenario #1: IP Multicast without Routing
Scenario #2: IP Multicast with Routing
Summary
Exam Essentials
Exercises
Review Questions
Chapter 9 Quality of Service
Understanding Quality of Service
Classification and Marking
Differentiated Services
Per-Hop Behavior Groups
Class Selector
Assured Forwarding
Expedited Forwarding
Layer 2 Marking
Class Maps and Policy Maps
Wireless QoS
Layer 3 Wireless QoS
Layer 2 Wireless QoS
Policing
Single-Rate, Two-Color Policing
Token Buckets
Token Replenishment
Single-Rate, Three-Color Policing
The bc Bucket
The be Bucket
Filling the Bucket
Configuring Policing
Two-Rate Policing
Queuing
Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing
Tail-Drop
Weighted Random Early Detection
Configuring Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing
Low-Latency Queuing
Explicit Congestion Notification
Shaping
Summary
Exam Essentials
Exercises
Review Questions
Chapter 10 Network Virtualization
Virtual Machines, Hypervisors, and Network Virtualization
Virtual Machines and Server Virtualization
Hypervisors
Virtual Machine Networking
Network Virtualization
Network Function Virtualization
Single-Root I/O Virtualization
Edge Virtual Bridging
Network Overlays
Generic Routing Encapsulation Tunnels
Configuring a GRE Tunnel to Tunnel IPv4 and IPv6 over IPv4
Advertising IPv4 Routes over a Tunnel Using OSPFv2
Advertising IPv6 Routes over a Tunnel Using OSPFv3
Recursive Routing
IP Security
Internet Key Exchange
Encapsulating Security Payload
Transport Mode
Tunnel Mode
Configuring IPsec in Transport Mode with a GRE Tunnel
Configuring IPsec in Tunnel Mode
Location/ID Separation Protocol
LISP Terminology
Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR)
Egress Tunnel Router (ETR)
Map Server/Map Resolver
Configuring LISP
Configuring the LISP Map Resolver/Map Server
Configuring xTR1
Configuring xTR2
Simulating IP Mobility
Is LISP a Routing Protocol?
Virtual Extensible Local Area Network
MAC Address Learning
Forwarding
Configuring VXLAN
VXLAN Control Planes
Configuring the Underlay
Configuring the Overlay
Configuring R1 and R2
Virtual Routing and Forwarding
Configuring a VRF
Configuring Multi-VRF EIGRP
Summary
Exam Essentials
Exercises
Review Questions
Chapter 11 Software-Defined Networking and Network Programmability
What Is Software-Defined Networking?
Software-Defined Access
SD-Access Layers
Physical Layer
Network Underlay
Custom Network Underlay
Automatic Network Underlay
Fabric Overlay
Data Plane
Control Plane
Policy Plane
Fabric Roles
Control Plane Node
Fabric Edge Node
Fabric Border Node
Fabric WLAN Controller Node
Controller Layer
Management Layer
Cisco DNA Policy
Cisco DNA Design
Cisco DNA Provision
Cisco DNA Assurance
Software-Defined WAN
vManage Network Management System
vSmart Controller
vBond Orchestrator
vEdge Routers
Network Programmability and Automation
The Cisco DNA Center Intent API
Python
Intent API Authentication
HTTP Response Codes
vManage REST API
NETCONF
YANG
RESTCONF
Embedded Event Manager
Configuration Management Platforms
Agent-Based and Agentless
Language
Terminology
Summary
Exam Essentials
Exercises
Review Questions
Chapter 12 Network Security and Monitoring
Infrastructure Security
Device Access
Terminal Lines
Configuring Local Authentication
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
TACACS+
Configuring Authentication with TACACS+
Configuring Authorization with TACACS+
Configuring Accounting with TACACS+
RADIUS
Access Control Lists
IP Extended Access Lists
Standard Access Lists
VLAN Access Maps
Control Plane Policing
Cisco Security Products
AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client
Umbrella
Advanced Malware Protection ThreatGrid
Advanced Malware Protection for Endpoints
Firepower Next-Generation Firewall
TrustSec
Ingress—Classification
Forwarding—Tagging
Egress—Enforcement
MAC Security
Wireless Security
WebAuth
Configuring WPA2 with 802.1X
Configuring 802.1X on the Client
Configure Preshared Keys
Monitoring
Conditional Debugs
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Syslog
Network Time Protocol
NetFlow and Flexible NetFlow
Top Talkers
Flexible NetFlow
Switched Port Analyzer
Configuring SPAN
Configuring RSPAN
Configuring ERSPAN
IP Service Level Agreement
Summary
Exam Essentials
Exercises
Review Questions
Appendix Answers to Review Questions. Chapter 1: Networking Fundamentals
Chapter 2: Spanning Tree Protocols
Chapter 3: Enterprise Network Design
Chapter 4: Wireless LAN (WLAN)
Chapter 5: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Chapter 6: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
Chapter 7: The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
Chapter 8: Network Address Translation and Multicast
Chapter 9: Quality of Service
Chapter 10: Network Virtualization
Chapter 11: Software-Defined Networking and Network Programmability
Chapter 12: Network Security and Monitoring
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
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T
U
V
W
X
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