Thirty Years' View (Vol. I of 2)
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Benton Thomas Hart. Thirty Years' View (Vol. I of 2)
AUTO-BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
PREFACE
1. – MOTIVES FOR WRITING THIS WORK
2. – QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE WORK
3. – THE SCOPE OF THE WORK
4. – THE SPIRIT OF THE WORK
PRELIMINARY VIEW. FROM 1815 TO 1820
CHAPTER I. PERSONAL ASPECT OF THE GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER II. ADMISSION OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI
CHAPTER III. FINANCES. – REDUCTION OF THE ARMY
CHAPTER IV. RELIEF OF PUBLIC LAND DEBTORS
CHAPTER V. OREGON TERRITORY
CHAPTER VI. FLORIDA TREATY AND CESSION OF TEXAS
CHAPTER VII. DEATH OF MR. LOWNDES
CHAPTER VIII. DEATH OF WILLIAM PINKNEY
CHAPTER IX. ABOLITION OF THE INDIAN FACTORY SYSTEM
CHAPTER X. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT
CHAPTER XI. GENERAL REMOVAL OF INDIANS
CHAPTER XII. VISIT OF LAFAYETTE TO THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER XIII. THE TARIFF, AND AMERICAN SYSTEM
CHAPTER XIV. THE A. B. PLOT
CHAPTER XV. AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION IN RELATION TO THE ELECTION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT
CHAPTER XVI. INTERNAL TRADE WITH NEW MEXICO
CHAPTER XVII. PRESIDENTIAL AND VICE-PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE ELECTORAL COLLEGES
CHAPTER XVIII. DEATH OF JOHN TAYLOR, OF CAROLINE
CHAPTER XIX. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
CHAPTER XX. THE OCCUPATION OF THE COLUMBIA
CHAPTER XXI. COMMENCEMENT OF MR. ADAMS'S ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER XXII. CASE OF MR. LANMAN – TEMPORARY SENATORIAL APPOINTMENT FROM CONNECTICUT
CHAPTER XXIII. RETIRING OF MR. RUFUS KING
CHAPTER XXIV. REMOVAL OF THE CREEK INDIANS FROM GEORGIA
CHAPTER XXV. THE PANAMA MISSION
CHAPTER XXVI. DUEL BETWEEN MR. CLAY AND MR. RANDOLPH
CHAPTER XXVII. DEATH OF MR. GAILLARD
CHAPTER XXVIII. AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION IN RELATION TO THE ELECTION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT
CHAPTER XXIX. REDUCTION OF EXECUTIVE PATRONAGE
CHAPTER XXX. EXCLUSION OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FROM CIVIL OFFICE APPOINTMENTS
CHAPTER XXXI. DEATH OF THE EX-PRESIDENTS JOHN ADAMS AND THOMAS JEFFERSON
CHAPTER XXXII. BRITISH INDEMNITY FOR DEPORTED SLAVES
CHAPTER XXXIII. MEETING OF THE FIRST CONGRESS ELECTED UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OF MR. ADAMS
CHAPTER XXXIV. REVISION OF THE TARIFF
CHAPTER XXXV. THE PUBLIC LANDS – THEIR PROPER DISPOSITION – GRADUATED PRICES – PRE-EMPTION RIGHTS – DONATIONS TO SETTLERS
CHAPTER XXXVI. CESSION OF A PART OF THE TERRITORY OF ARKANSAS TO THE CHEROKEE INDIANS
CHAPTER XXXVII. RENEWAL OF THE OREGON JOINT OCCUPATION CONVENTION
CHAPTER XXXVIII. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1828, AND FURTHER ERRORS OF MONS. DE TOCQUEVILLE
CHAPTER XXXIX. RETIRING OF MR. MACON
CHAPTER XL. COMMENCEMENT OF GENERAL JACKSON'S ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER XLI. THE FIRST ANNUAL MESSAGE OF GENERAL JACKSON TO THE TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS
CHAPTER XLII. THE RECOVERY OF THE DIRECT TRADE WITH THE BRITISH WEST INDIA ISLANDS
CHAPTER XLIII. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GLOBE NEWSPAPER
CHAPTER XLIV. LIMITATION OF PUBLIC LAND SALES. SUSPENSION OF SURVEYS. ABOLITION OF THE OFFICE OF SURVEYOR GENERAL. ORIGIN OF THE UNITED STATES LAND SYSTEM. AUTHORSHIP OF THE ANTI-SLAVERY ORDINANCE OF 1778. SLAVERY CONTROVERSY. PROTECTIVE TARIFF. INCEPTION OF THE DOCTRINE OF NULLIFICATION
CHAPTER XLV. REPEAL OF THE SALT TAX
CHAPTER XLVI. BIRTHDAY OF MR. JEFFERSON, AND THE DOCTRINE OF NULLIFICATION
CHAPTER XLVII. REGULATION OF COMMERCE
CHAPTER XLVIII. ALUM SALT. THE ABOLITION OF THE DUTY UPON IT, AND REPEAL OF THE FISHING BOUNTY AND ALLOWANCES FOUNDED ON IT
CHAPTER XLIX. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER L. REMOVALS FROM OFFICE
CHAPTER LI. INDIAN SOVEREIGNTIES WITHIN THE STATES
CHAPTER LII. VETO ON THE MAYSVILLE ROAD BILL
CHAPTER LIII. RUPTURE BETWEEN PRESIDENT JACKSON, AND VICE-PRESIDENT CALHOUN
CHAPTER LIV. BREAKING UP OF THE CABINET, AND APPOINTMENT OF ANOTHER
CHAPTER LV. MILITARY ACADEMY
CHAPTER LVI. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES. – NON-RENEWAL OF CHARTER
CHAPTER LVII. ERROR OF DE TOCQUEVILLE, IN RELATION TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
CHAPTER LVIII. THE TWENTY-SECOND CONGRESS
CHAPTER LIX. REJECTION OF MR. VAN BUREN, MINISTER TO ENGLAND
CHAPTER LX. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES – ILLEGAL AND VICIOUS CURRENCY
CHAPTER LXI. ERROR OF MONS. DE TOCQUEVILLE IN RELATION TO THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PRESIDENT, AND THE PEOPLE
CHAPTER LXII. EXPENSES OF THE GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER LXIII. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES – RECHARTER COMMENCEMENT OF THE PROCEEDINGS
CHAPTER LXIV. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES – COMMITTEE OF INVESTIGATION ORDERED
CHAPTER LXV. THE THREE PER CENT. DEBT, AND LOSS IN NOT PAYING IT WHEN THE RATE WAS LOW, AND THE MONEY IN THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES WITHOUT INTEREST
CHAPTER LXVI. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES – BILL FOR THE RECHARTER REPORTED IN THE SENATE – AND PASSED THAT BODY
CHAPTER LXVII. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES – BILL FOR THE RENEWED CHARTER PASSED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
CHAPTER LXVIII. THE VETO
CHAPTER LXIX. THE PROTECTIVE SYSTEM
CHAPTER LXX. PUBLIC LANDS. – DISTRIBUTION TO THE STATES
CHAPTER LXXI. SETTLEMENT OF FRENCH AND SPANISH LAND CLAIMS
CHAPTER LXXII "EFFECTS OF THE VETO."
CHAPTER LXXIII. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1832
CHAPTER LXXIV. FIRST ANNUAL MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT JACKSON AFTER HIS SECOND ELECTION
CHAPTER LXXV. BANK OF THE UNITED STATES – DELAY IN PAYING THE THREE PER CENTS – COMMITTEE OF INVESTIGATION
CHAPTER LXXVI. ABOLITION OF IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT
CHAPTER LXXVII. SALE OF UNITED STATES STOCK IN THE NATIONAL BANK
CHAPTER LXXVIII. NULLIFICATION ORDINANCE IN SOUTH CAROLINA
CHAPTER LXXIX. PROCLAMATION AGAINST NULLIFICATION
CHAPTER LXXX. MESSAGE ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA PROCEEDINGS
CHAPTER LXXXI. REDUCTION OF DUTIES. – MR. VERPLANK'S BILL
CHAPTER LXXXII. REDUCTION OF DUTIES. – MR. CLAY'S BILL
CHAPTER LXXXIII. REVENUE COLLECTION, OR FORCE BILL
CHAPTER LXXXIV. MR. CALHOUN'S NULLIFICATION RESOLUTIONS
CHAPTER LXXXV. SECRET HISTORY OF THE "COMPROMISE" OF 1833
CHAPTER LXXXVI. COMPROMISE LEGISLATION; AND THE ACT, SO CALLED, OF 1833
CHAPTER LXXXVII. VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS OF '98-'99 – DISABUSED OF THEIR SOUTH CAROLINA INTERPRETATION – 1. UPON THEIR OWN WORDS – 2. UPON CONTEMPORANEOUS INTERPRETATION
CHAPTER LXXXVIII. VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS OF 1798: – DISABUSED OF NULLIFICATION, BY THEIR AUTHOR
CHAPTER LXXXIX. THE AUTHOR'S OWN VIEW OF THE NATURE OF OUR GOVERNMENT, AS BEING A UNION IN CONTRADISTINCTION TO A LEAGUE: PRESENTED IN A SUBSEQUENT SPEECH ON MISSOURI RESOLUTIONS
CHAPTER XC. PUBLIC LANDS: – DISTRIBUTION OF PROCEEDS
CHAPTER XCI. COMMENCEMENT OF THE TWENTY-THIRD CONGRESS. – THE MEMBERS, AND PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
CHAPTER XCII. REMOVAL OF THE DEPOSITS FROM THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER XCIII. BANK PROCEEDINGS, ON SEEING THE DECISION OF THE PRESIDENT, IN RELATION TO THE REMOVAL OF THE DEPOSITS
CHAPTER XCIV. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY TO CONGRESS ON THE REMOVAL OF THE DEPOSITS
CHAPTER XCV. NOMINATION OF GOVERNMENT DIRECTORS, AND THEIR REJECTION
CHAPTER XCVI. SECRETARY'S REPORT ON THE REMOVAL OF THE DEPOSITS
CHAPTER XCVII. CALL ON THE PRESIDENT FOR A COPY OF THE "PAPER READ TO THE CABINET."
CHAPTER XCVIII. MISTAKES OF PUBLIC MEN: – GREAT COMBINATION AGAINST GENERAL JACKSON: – COMMENCEMENT OF THE PANIC
CHAPTER XCIX. MR. CLAY'S SPEECH AGAINST PRESIDENT JACKSON ON THE REMOVAL OF THE DEPOSITS – EXTRACTS
CHAPTER C. MR. BENTON'S SPEECH IN REPLY TO MR. CLAY – EXTRACTS
CHAPTER CI. CONDEMNATION OF PRESIDENT JACKSON – MR. CALHOUN'S SPEECH – EXTRACTS
CHAPTER CII. PUBLIC DISTRESS
CHAPTER CIII. SENATORIAL CONDEMNATION OF PRESIDENT JACKSON: HIS PROTEST: NOTICE OF THE EXPUNGING RESOLUTION
CHAPTER CIV. MR. WEBSTER'S PLAN OF RELIEF
CHAPTER CV. REVIVAL OF THE GOLD CURRENCY – MR. BENTON'S SPEECH
CHAPTER CVI. ATTEMPTED INVESTIGATION OF THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER CVII. MR. TANEY'S REPORT ON THE FINANCES – EXPOSURE OF THE DISTRESS ALARMS – END OF THE PANIC
CHAPTER CVIII. REVIVAL OF THE GOLD CURRENCY
CHAPTER CIX. REJECTION OF MR. TANEY, NOMINATED FOR SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
CHAPTER CX. SENATORIAL INVESTIGATION OF THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER CXI. DOWNFALL OF THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER CXII. DEATH OF JOHN RANDOLPH, OF ROANOAKE
CHAPTER CXIII. DEATH OF MR. WIRT
CHAPTER CXIV. DEATH OF THE LAST OF THE SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
CHAPTER CXV. COMMENCEMENT OF THE SESSION 1834-'35: PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
CHAPTER CXVI. REPORT OF THE BANK COMMITTEE
CHAPTER CXVII. FRENCH SPOLIATIONS BEFORE 1800
CHAPTER CXVIII. FRENCH SPOLIATIONS: SPEECH OF MR. WRIGHT, OF NEW-YORK
CHAPTER CXIX. FRENCH SPOLIATIONS – MR. WEBSTER'S SPEECH
CHAPTER CXX. FRENCH SPOLIATIONS – MR. BENTON'S SPEECH
CHAPTER CXXI. ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT JACKSON
CHAPTER CXXII. ALABAMA EXPUNGING RESOLUTIONS
CHAPTER CXXIII. THE EXPUNGING RESOLUTION
CHAPTER CXXIV. EXPUNGING RESOLUTION: REJECTED, AND RENEWED
CHAPTER CXXV. BRANCH MINTS AT NEW ORLEANS, AND IN THE GOLD REGIONS OF GEORGIA AND NORTH CAROLINA
CHAPTER CXXVI. REGULATION DEPOSIT BILL
CHAPTER CXXVII. DEFEAT OF THE DEFENCE APPROPRIATION, AND LOSS OF THE FORTIFICATION BILL
CHAPTER CXXVIII. DISTRIBUTION OF REVENUE
CHAPTER CXXIX. COMMENCEMENT OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS – PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
CHAPTER CXXX. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
CHAPTER CXXXI. MAIL CIRCULATION OF INCENDIARY PUBLICATIONS
CHAPTER CXXXII. FRENCH AFFAIRS – APPROACH OF A FRENCH SQUADRON – APOLOGY REQUIRED
CHAPTER CXXXIII. FRENCH INDEMNITIES: BRITISH MEDIATION: INDEMNITIES PAID
CHAPTER CXXXIV. PRESIDENT JACKSON'S FOREIGN DIPLOMACY
CHAPTER CXXXV. SLAVERY AGITATION
CHAPTER CXXXVI. REMOVAL OF THE CHEROKEES FROM GEORGIA
CHAPTER CXXXVII. EXTENSION OF THE MISSOURI BOUNDARY
CHAPTER CXXXVIII. ADMISSION OF THE STATES OF ARKANSAS AND MICHIGAN INTO THE UNION
CHAPTER CXXXIX. ATTEMPTED INQUIRY INTO THE MILITARY ACADEMY
CHAPTER CXL. MILITARY ACADEMY – SPEECH OF MR. PIERCE
CHAPTER CXLI. EXPUNGING RESOLUTION – PERORATION OF SENATOR BENTON'S SECOND SPEECH
CHAPTER CXLII. DISTRIBUTION OF THE LAND REVENUE
CHAPTER CXLIII. RECHARTER OF THE DISTRICT BANKS – SPEECH OF MR. BENTON: THE PARTS OF LOCAL AND TEMPORARY INTEREST OMITTED
CHAPTER CXLIV. INDEPENDENCE OF TEXAS
CHAPTER CXLV. TEXAS INDEPENDENCE – MR. BENTON'S SPEECH
CHAPTER CXLVI. THE SPECIE CIRCULAR
CHAPTER CXLVII. DEATH OF MR. MADISON, FOURTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER CXLVIII. DEATH OF MR. MONROE, FIFTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER CXLIX. DEATH OF CHIEF JUSTICE MARSHALL
CHAPTER CL. DEATH OF COL. BURR, THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER CLI. DEATH OF WILLIAM B. GILES, OF VIRGINIA
CHAPTER CLII. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1836
CHAPTER CLIII. LAST ANNUAL MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT JACKSON
CHAPTER CLIV. FINAL REMOVAL OF THE INDIANS
CHAPTER CLV. RECISION OF THE TREASURY CIRCULAR
CHAPTER CLVI. DISTRIBUTION OF LANDS AND MONEY – VARIOUS PROPOSITIONS
CHAPTER CLVII. MILITARY ACADEMY: ITS RIDING-HOUSE
CHAPTER CLVIII. SALT TAX: MR. BENTON'S FOURTH SPEECH AGAINST IT
CHAPTER CLIX. EXPUNGING RESOLUTION – PREPARATION FOR DECISION
CHAPTER CLX. EXPUNGING RESOLUTION. – MR. BENTON'S THIRD SPEECH
CHAPTER CLXI. EXPUNGING RESOLUTION: MR. CLAY, MR. CALHOUN, MR. WEBSTER: LAST SCENE: RESOLUTION PASSED, AND EXECUTED
CHAPTER CLXII. THE SUPREME COURT – JUDGES AND OFFICERS
CHAPTER CLXIII. FAREWELL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT JACKSON – EXTRACT
CHAPTER CLXIV. CONCLUSION OF GENERAL JACKSON'S ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER CLXV. RETIRING AND DEATH OF GENERAL JACKSON – ADMINISTRATION OF MARTIN VAN BUREN
Отрывок из книги
Justice to the men with whom I acted, and to the cause in which we were engaged, is my chief motive for engaging in this work. A secondary motive is the hope of being useful to our republican form of government in after ages by showing its working through a long and eventful period; working well all the time, and thereby justifying the hope of its permanent good operation in all time to come, if maintained in its purity and integrity. Justice to the wise and patriotic men who established our independence, and founded this government, is another motive with me. I do not know how young I was when I first read in the speeches of Lord Chatham, the encomium which he pronounced in the House of Lords on these founders of our republic; but it sunk deep into my memory at the time, and, what is more, went deep into the heart: and has remained there ever since. "When your lordships look at the papers transmitted us from America; when you consider their decency, firmness, and wisdom, you cannot but respect their cause, and wish to make it your own. For myself, I must declare and avow, that in all my reading and observation – and it has been my favorite study – I have read Thucydides, and have studied and admired the master states of the world – that for solidity of reasoning, force of sagacity, and wisdom of conclusion, under such a complication of difficult circumstances, no nation, or body of men, can stand in preference to the general congress at Philadelphia." This encomium, so just and so grand, so grave and so measured, and the more impressive on account of its gravity and measure, was pronounced in the early part of our revolutionary struggle – in its first stage – and before a long succession of crowning events had come to convert it into history, and to show of how much more those men were capable than they had then done. If the great William Pitt – greater under that name than under the title he so long refused – had lived in this day, had lived to see these men making themselves exceptions to the maxim of the world, and finishing the revolution which they began – seen them found a new government and administer it in their day and generation, and until "gathered to their fathers," and all with the same wisdom, justice, moderation, and decorum, with which they began it: if he had lived to have seen all this, even his lofty genius might have recoiled from the task of doing them justice; – and, I may add, from the task of doing justice to the People who sustained such men. Eulogy is not my task; but gratitude and veneration is the debt of my birth and inheritance, and of the benefits which I have enjoyed from their labors; and I have proposed to acknowledge this debt – to discharge it is impossible – in laboring to preserve their work during my day, and in now commending it, by the fruits it has borne, to the love and care of posterity. Another motive, hardly entitled to the dignity of being named, has its weight with me, and belongs to the rights of "self-defence." I have made a great many speeches, and have an apprehension that they may be published after I am gone – published in the gross, without due discrimination – and so preserve, or perpetuate, things said, both of men and of measures, which I no longer approve, and would wish to leave to oblivion. By making selections of suitable parts of these speeches, and weaving them into this work, I may hope to prevent a general publication – or to render it harmless if made. But I do not condemn all that I leave out.
Of these I have one, admitted by all to be considerable, but by no means enough of itself. Mr. Macaulay says of Fox and Mackintosh, speaking of their histories of the last of the Stuarts, and of the Revolution of 1688: "They had one eminent qualification for writing history; they had spoken history, acted history, lived history. The turns of political fortune, the ebb and flow of popular feeling, the hidden mechanism by which parties are moved, all these things were the subject of their constant thought, and of their most familiar conversation. Gibbon has remarked, that his history is much the better for his having been an officer in the militia, and a member of the House of Commons. The remark is most just. We have not the smallest doubt that his campaigns, though he never saw an enemy, and his parliamentary attendance, though he never made a speech, were of far more use to him than years of retirement and study would have been. If the time that he spent on parade and at mess in Hampshire, or on the Treasury bench and at Brooke's, during the storms which overthrew Lord North and Lord Shelburne, had been passed in the Bodleian Library, he might have avoided some inaccuracies; he might have enriched his notes with a greater number of references; but he never could have produced so lively a picture of the court, the camp, and the senate-house. In this respect Mr. Fox and Sir James Mackintosh had great advantages over almost every English historian since the time of Burnet." – I can say I have these advantages. I was in the Senate the whole time of which I write – an active business member, attending and attentive – in the confidence of half the administrations, and a close observer of the others – had an inside view of transactions of which the public only saw the outside, and of many of which the two sides were very different – saw the secret springs and hidden machinery by which men and parties were to be moved, and measures promoted or thwarted – saw patriotism and ambition at their respective labors, and was generally able to discriminate between them. So far, I have one qualification; but Mr. Macaulay says that Lord Lyttleton had the same, and made but a poor history, because unable to use his material. So it may be with me; but in addition to my senatorial means of knowledge, I have access to the unpublished papers of General Jackson, and find among them some that he intended for publication, and which will be used according to his intention.
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Missouri – David Barton, Thomas H. Benton.
Maine – John Anderson, Samuel Butman, Rufus M'Intire, Jeremiah O'Brien, James W. Ripley, Peleg Sprague, Joseph F. Wingate – 7.
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