Popular Books on Natural Science
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Bernstein Aaron David. Popular Books on Natural Science
POPULAR TREATISE ON NATURAL SCIENCE
PART I. THE WEIGHT OF THE EARTH
CHAPTER I. HOW MANY POUNDS THE WHOLE EARTH WEIGHS
CHAPTER II. THE ATTEMPT TO WEIGH THE EARTH
CHAPTER III. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENT TO WEIGH THE EARTH
PART II. VELOCITY
CHAPTER I. VELOCITIES OF THE FORCES OF NATURE
CHAPTER II. HOW CAN THE VELOCITY OF THE ELECTRIC CURRENT BE ASCERTAINED
PART III. NUTRITION
CHAPTER I. NOTHING BUT MILK
CHAPTER II. MAN THE TRANSFORMED FOOD
CHAPTER III. WHAT STRANGE FOOD WE EAT
CHAPTER IV. HOW NATURE PREPARES OUR FOOD
CHAPTER V. WHAT BECOMES OF THE MOTHER'S MILK AFTER IT HAS ENTERED THE BODY OF THE CHILD?
CHAPTER VI. HOW THE BLOOD BECOMES THE VITAL PART OF THE BODY
CHAPTER VII. CIRCULATION OF MATTER
CHAPTER VIII. FOOD
CHAPTER IX. ABOUT NOURISHMENT
PART IV. LIGHT AND DISTANCE
CHAPTER I. SOMETHING ABOUT ILLUMINATION
CHAPTER II. ILLUMINATION OF THE PLANETS BY THE SUN
PART V. THE WONDERS OF ASTRONOMY
CHAPTER I. A WONDERFUL DISCOVERY
CHAPTER II. MAIN SUPPORT OF LEVERRIER'S DISCOVERY
CHAPTER III. THE GREAT DISCOVERY
PART VI. METEOROLOGY
CHAPTER I. SOMETHING ABOUT THE WEATHER
CHAPTER II. OF THE WEATHER IN SUMMER AND WINTER
CHAPTER III. THE CURRENTS OF AIR AND THE WEATHER
CHAPTER IV. THE FIRM RULES OF METEOROLOGY
CHAPTER V. AIR AND WATER IN THEIR RELATIONS TO WEATHER
CHAPTER VI. FOG, CLOUDS, RAIN, AND SNOW
CHAPTER VII. HOW HEAT IN THE AIR BECOMES LATENT, AND HOW IT GETS FREE AGAIN
CHAPTER VIII. LATENT HEAT PRODUCES COLD; FREE HEAT, WARMTH
CHAPTER IX. RULES ABOUT THE WEATHER, AND DISTURBANCES OF THE SAME
CHAPTER X. THE CHANGEABLENESS OF THE WEATHER WITH REGARD TO OUR GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
CHAPTER XI. ABOUT THE DIFFICULTY AND POSSIBILITY OF DETERMINING THE WEATHER
CHAPTER XII. THE FALSE WEATHER-PROPHETS
CHAPTER XIII. HAS THE MOON INFLUENCE UPON THE WEATHER?
PART VII. OUR ARTICLES OF FOOD
CHAPTER I. THE RAPID RENEWAL OF THE BLOOD IS AN ADVANTAGE
CHAPTER II. DIGESTION
CHAPTER III. COFFEE
CHAPTER IV. COFFEE AS A MEDICINE
CHAPTER V. USEFULNESS AND HURTFULNESS OF COFFEE
CHAPTER VI. BREAKFAST
CHAPTER VII. LIQUOR
CHAPTER VIII. INJURIOUSNESS OF DRINKING LIQUOR
CHAPTER IX. THE POOR AND THE LIQUOR
CHAPTER X. THE CONSEQUENCES OF INTEMPERANCE AND ITS PREVENTION
CHAPTER XI. DINNER
CHAPTER XII. NECESSITY FOR VARIETY IN FOOD
CHAPTER XIII. BROTH
CHAPTER XIV. WHAT IS BEST TO BE PUT INTO SOUP?
CHAPTER XV. LEGUMINOUS VEGETABLES
CHAPTER XVI. MEAT AND VEGETABLES
CHAPTER XVII. THE NAP AFTER DINNER
CHAPTER XVIII. WATER AND BEER
CHAPTER XIX. SUPPER
Отрывок из книги
Natural philosophers have considered and investigated subjects that often appear to the unscientific man beyond the reach of human intelligence. Among these subjects may be reckoned the question, "How many pounds does the whole earth weigh?"
One would, indeed, believe that this is easy to answer. A person might assign almost any weight, and be perfectly certain that nobody would run after a scale, in order to examine, whether or not an ounce were wanting. Yet this question is by no means a joke, and the answer to it is by no means a guess; on the contrary, both are real scientific results. The question in itself is as important a one, as the answer, which we are able to give, is a correct one.
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The milk passes from the child's mouth through the gullet into the stomach. While yet in the mouth, the milk is mixed with a certain liquid called saliva. This saliva possesses the quality of preparing the milk for the necessary change which will take place, when it reaches the child's stomach. The principal work, however, is carried on in the stomach itself. Its sides secrete a liquid called "gastric juice," whose business it is, to transform into a pulp milk, and also solid food, provided the latter be well masticated and moistened.
Science has taught us to prepare gastric juice artificially. The process of digestion, that is, the transformation of solid food – the crust of bread, meat, etc. – into a pulp, may nowadays be observed in a glass filled with warm, artificial, gastric juice.
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