Bertrand Russell: Problems of Philosophy

Bertrand Russell: Problems of Philosophy
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The Problems of Philosophy is a book by the philosopher Bertrand Russell, in which the author attempts to create a brief and accessible guide to the problems of philosophy. He introduces philosophy as a repeating series of (failed) attempts to answer the same questions: Can we prove that there is an external world? Can we prove cause and effect? Can we validate any of our generalizations? Can we objectively justify morality? He asserts that philosophy cannot answer any of these questions and that any value of philosophy must lie elsewhere than in offering proofs to these questions. Wittgenstein suggested further that these questions are empty and the value of philosophy is as an assistant to science.Focusing on problems he believes will provoke positive and constructive discussion, Russell concentrates on knowledge rather than metaphysics: If it is uncertain that external objects exist, how can we then have knowledge of them but by probability. There is no reason to doubt the existence of external objects simply because of sense data.

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Bertrand Russell. Bertrand Russell: Problems of Philosophy

Bertrand Russell: Problems of Philosophy

Table of Contents

PREFACE

CHAPTER I. APPEARANCE AND REALITY

CHAPTER II. THE EXISTENCE OF MATTER

CHAPTER III. THE NATURE OF MATTER

CHAPTER IV. IDEALISM

CHAPTER V. KNOWLEDGE BY ACQUAINTANCE AND KNOWLEDGE BY DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER VI. ON INDUCTION

CHAPTER VII. ON OUR KNOWLEDGE OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES

CHAPTER VIII. HOW A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE IS POSSIBLE

CHAPTER IX. THE WORLD OF UNIVERSALS

CHAPTER X. ON OUR KNOWLEDGE OF UNIVERSALS

CHAPTER XI. ON INTUITIVE KNOWLEDGE

CHAPTER XII. TRUTH AND FALSEHOOD

CHAPTER XIII. KNOWLEDGE, ERROR, AND PROBABLE OPINION

CHAPTER XIV. THE LIMITS OF PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLEDGE

CHAPTER XV. THE VALUE OF PHILOSOPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

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Bertrand Russell

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Chapter X. On Our Knowledge of Universals

Chapter XI. On Intuitive Knowledge

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