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Bali's Biogeography
Bali is a relatively 'young' island, having probably first emerged above the waves some 3 million years ago. It is one of the most volcanically active islands in the world and volcanoes have played an important role in shaping the natural history of Bali. Periodic eruptions spew forth great streams of molten balsatic lava which, when they have cooled, are broken down by natural erosion to form a fertile sediment in the valleys and plains. These rich soils supported the great swathe of forest that once covered most of the island and which can still be found in the west.
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The Balinese are an Austronesian people who share a common historical and cultural background with the other peoples of the region. It seems likely that the original homeland of the Austronesians was Taiwan, but some 6,000 years ago this ancestral population began to disperse, migrating southwards through the Philippines before turning eastwards into the Pacific and west towards the islands of Indonesia. This movement of people was not a mass exodus, but probably consisted of small groups of related kin, travelling by outrigger canoe who, over the course of several millennia, island-hopped their way across both the Pacific and Indian Oceans to constitute the world's most widely dispersed language group prior to the modern era
Bali was probably settled some 3 to 4 thousand years ago by people who were farmers and
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