Оглавление
C. F. Cross. A Text-book of Paper-making
A Text-book of Paper-making
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
CHAPTER I. CELLULOSE: THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL MEMBERS OF THE CELLULOSE GROUP, WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR NATURAL HISTORY
Animal Cellulose
Compounds of Cellulose
Cellulose and Chlorine
Cellulose and Oxygen
Decomposition of Cellulose
Amyloid
Hydracellulose
Cellulose and nitric acid: β Oxycellulose.*
Alkalis
Water at High Temperature
Decomposition by means of ferments, &c
Humus
Synthesis of Cellulose
Modifications of Cellulose in the Plant. Compound Celluloses
Iodine
Bromine
Chlorine
Dilute Mineral Acids
Dilute Alkalis
Water at High Temperatures
Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid
Sulphuric Acid
Nitric and Sulphuric Acids
Animal Digestion of Ligno-cellulose
Distribution of Ligno-celluloses
Decay of Ligno-cellulose
Decomposition by Heat
General conclusions
Adipo-cellulose
Pecto-Cellulose
CHAPTER II
PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FIBRES
Microscopical Examination
Neutral Mounting Solutions
Iodine Solution
Chlorine Water
Aniline Sulphate Solution
Solutions of the Aniline Colours
Preparation of the objects
CHAPTER III. SCHEME FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PLANT SUBSTANCES
CHAPTER IV. AN ACCOUNT OF THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRINCIPAL RAW MATERIALS
Class A. COTTON
Class B
FLAX
HEMP
SUNDA or SUNN HEMP
CHINA GRASS, RHEA, RAMIE
COMMON NETTLE
JUTE
BAST TISSUES
Linden Bast (Tilia Europæa)
Bast of the Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera)
Class C
ESPARTO
STRAW
BAMBOO AND SUGAR CANE
NEW ZEALAND FLAX
MANILLA HEMP
WOOD
CHAPTER V. PROCESSES FOR ISOLATING CELLULOSE FROM PLANT SUBSTANCES
CHAPTER VI. SPECIAL TREATMENT OF VARIOUS FIBRES; BOILERS, BOILING PROCESSES, ETC
Rags
Esparto
Straw
Jute, Manilla, Adansonia, &c
Wood
“Broke” Paper
Mechanical Wood Pulp
CHAPTER VII. BLEACHING
Electrolytic Bleaching
CHAPTER VIII. BEATING
CHAPTER IX. LOADING, SIZING, COLOURING, ETC
Loading
Sizing
Colouring
CHAPTER X. PAPER MACHINES; HAND-MADE PAPER
The Paper Machine
Strainers
Tub-sizing
Preparation of Size
Single-cylinder Machines
CHAPTER XI. CALENDERING, CUTTING, ETC
Cutting
Single-sheet Cutter
Guillotine Cutter
Sorting
CHAPTER XII. CAUSTIC SODA, RECOVERED SODA, ETC
Soda Recovery
Causticising
CHAPTER XIII. PAPER TESTING
Determination of Composition of Papers
a
Cotton
Linen
Esparto
Straw
Wood (Chemical)
Wood (Mechanical)
b
Quantitative Estimation of Mechanical Wood-pulp
Loading, Sizing Materials, &c
Colouring Matters
CHAPTER XIV. GENERAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR PAPER-MAKERS
Caustic Soda, Soda Ash, Recovered Soda, &c
Bleaching Powder
Alum, Sulphate of Alumina, Alum Cake, &c
Antichlor, Sodium Thiosulphate, Sodium Sulphite, &c
Starches
Gelatine
Soaps
Dyes, Pigments, Loading Materials, &c
CHAPTER XV.SITE FOR PAPER-MILL, WATER-SUPPLY, WATER PURIFICATION, ETC
Water Purification
CHAPTER XVI. ACTION OF CUPRAMMONIUM ON CELLULOSE. PREPARATION OF WILLESDEN PAPER
CHAPTER XVII. STATISTICS
Raw Materials
Manufactured Material
CHAPTER XIX. ADDENDA
The Yaryan Process of Evaporation
Ferric Oxide Causticising Process
INDEX
ADVERTISEMENTS
