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Carl von Clausewitz. The Strategy of Warfare – Boxed Set
The Strategy of Warfare – Boxed Set
Table of Contents
The Book of War (Wu Qi)
INTRODUCTION
I. THE GOVERNMENT OF A COUNTRY
II. ESTIMATION OF THE ENEMY
II. CONTROL OF THE ARMY
IV. QUALITIES OF THE GENERAL
V. SUITING THE OCCASION
VI. ENCOURAGEMENT OF THE TROOPS
The Art of War (Sun Tzu)
ORIGINAL TEXT
I. LAYING PLANS
II. WAGING WAR
III. ATTACK BY STRATAGEM
IV. TACTICAL DISPOSITIONS
V. ENERGY
VI. WEAK POINTS AND STRONG
VII. MANEUVERING
VIII. VARIATION IN TACTICS
IX. THE ARMY ON THE MARCH
X. TERRAIN
XI. THE NINE SITUATIONS
XII. THE ATTACK BY FIRE
XIII. THE USE OF SPIES
COMMENTED TEXT
INTRODUCTION
Apologies for War ————————
Bibliography ——————
I. LAYING PLANS
II. WAGING WAR
III. ATTACK BY STRATAGEM
IV. TACTICAL DISPOSITIONS
V. ENERGY
VI. WEAK POINTS AND STRONG
VII. MANEUVERING
VIII. VARIATION IN TACTICS
IX. THE ARMY ON THE MARCH
X. TERRAIN
XI. THE NINE SITUATIONS
XII. THE ATTACK BY FIRE
XIII. THE USE OF SPIES
The Analects: The Book of Leadership (Confucius)
Book I. Hsio R
Book II. Wei Chang
Book III. Pa Yih
Book IV. Le Jin
Book V. Kung-ye Ch'ang
Book VI. Yung Yey
Book VII. Shu R
Book VIII. T'ai-po
Book IX. TSZE HAN
Book X. Heang Tang
Book XI. Hsien Tsin
Book XII. Yen Yuan
Book XIII. Tsze-lu
Book XIV. Hsien Wan
Book XV. Wei Ling Kung
Book XVI. Ke She
Book XVII. Yang Ho
Book XVIII. Wei Tsze
Book XIX. Tsze-chang
Book XX. Yao Yueh
Arthashastra: The Ancient Indian Book on Wisdom and Strategy (Kautilya)
Book I, "Concerning Discipline"
CHAPTER I & II. THE LIFE OF A KING
CHAPTER III. THE END OF SCIENCES
CHAPTER IV. THE END OF SCIENCES
CHAPTER V. ASSOCIATION WITH THE AGED
CHAPTER VI. RESTRAINT OF THE ORGANS OF SENSE
CHAPTER VII. RESTRAINT OF THE ORGANS OF SENSE
CHAPTER VIII. CREATION OF MINISTERS
CHAPTER IX. THE CREATION OF COUNCILLORS AND PRIESTS
CHAPTER X. ASCERTAINING BY TEMPTATIONS PURITY OR IMPURITY IN THE CHARACTER OF MINISTERS
CHAPTER XI. THE INSTITUTION OF SPIES
CHAPTER XII. INSTITUTION OF SPIES
CHAPTER XIII. PROTECTION OF PARTIES FOR OR AGAINST ONE'S OWN CAUSE IN ONE'S OWN STATE
CHAPTER XIV. WINNING OVER FACTIONS FOR OR AGAINST AN ENEMY'S CAUSE IN AN ENEMY'S STATE
CHAPTER XV. THE BUSINESS OF COUNCIL MEETING
CHAPTER XVI. THE MISSION OF ENVOYS
CHAPTER XVII. PROTECTION OF PRINCES
CHAPTER XVIII. THE CONDUCT OF A PRINCE KEPT UNDER RESTRAINT AND THE TREATMENT OF A RESTRAINED PRINCE
CHAPTER XIX. THE DUTIES OF A KING
CHAPTER XX. DUTY TOWARDS THE HAREM
CHAPTER XXI. PERSONAL SAFETY
Book II, "The Duties of Government Superintendents"
CHAPTER I. FORMATION OF VILLAGES
CHAPTER II. DIVISION OF LAND
CHAPTER III. CONSTRUCTION OF FORTS
CHAPTER IV. BUILDINGS WITHIN THE FORT
CHAPTER V. THE DUTIES OF THE CHAMBERLAIN
CHAPTER VI. THE BUSINESS OF COLLECTION OF REVENUE BY THE COLLECTOR-GENERAL
CHAPTER VII. THE BUSINESS OF KEEPING UP ACCOUNTS IN THE OFFICE OF ACCOUNTANTS
CHAPTER VIII. DETECTION OF WHAT IS EMBEZZLED BY GOVERNMENT SERVANTS OUT OF STATE REVENUE
CHAPTER IX. EXAMINATION OF THE CONDUCT OF GOVERNMENT SERVANTS
CHAPTER X. THE PROCEDURE OF FORMING ROYAL WRITS
CHAPTER XI. EXAMINATION OF GEMS THAT ARE TO BE ENTERED INTO THE TREASURY
CHAPTER XII. CONDUCTING MINING OPERATIONS AND MANUFACTURE
CHAPTER XIII. SUPERINTENDENT OF GOLD IN THE GOLDSMITH'S OFFICE
CHAPTER XIV. THE DUTIES OF THE STATE GOLDSMITH IN THE HIGH ROAD
CHAPTER XV. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STOREHOUSE
CHAPTER XVI. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF COMMERCE
CHAPTER XVII. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FOREST PRODUCE
CHAPTER XVIII. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE ARMOURY
CHAPTER XIX. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
CHAPTER XX. MEASUREMENT OF SPACE AND TIME
CHAPTER XXI. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF TOLLS
CHAPTER XXII. REGULATION OF TOLL-DUES
CHAPTER XXIII. SUPERINTENDENT OF WEAVING
CHAPTER XXIV. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF AGRICULTURE
CHAPTER XXV. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF LIQUOR
CHAPTER XXVI. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF SLAUGHTER-HOUSE
CHAPTER XXVII. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PROSTITUTES
CHAPTER XXVIII. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF SHIPS
CHAPTER XXIX. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF COWS
CHAPTER XXX. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF HORSES
CHAPTER XXXI. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF ELEPHANTS
CHAPTER XXXII. TRAINING OF ELEPHANTS
CHAPTER XXXIII. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CHARIOTS; THE SUPERINTENDENT OF INFANTRY AND THE DUTY OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
CHAPTER XXXIV. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PASSPORTS
CHAPTER XXXV. THE DUTY OF REVENUE-COLLECTORS; SPIES IN THE GUISE OF HOUSEHOLDERS, MERCHANTS AND ASCETICS
CHAPTER XXXVI. THE DUTY OF A CITY SUPERINTENDENT
Book III, "Concerning Law"
CHAPTER I. DETERMINATION OF FORMS OF AGREEMENT; DETERMINATION OF LEGAL DISPUTES
CHAPTER II. CONCERNING MARRIAGE. THE DUTY OF MARRIAGE, THE PROPERTY OF A WOMAN, AND COMPENSATIONS FOR REMARRIAGE
CHAPTER III. THE DUTY OF A WIFE; MAINTENANCE OF A WOMAN; CRUELTY TO WOMEN; ENMITY BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE; A WIFE's TRANSGRESSION; HER KINDNESS TO ANOTHER; AND FORBIDDEN TRANSACTIONS
CHAPTER IV. VAGRANCY, ELOPEMENT AND SHORT AND LONG SOJOURNMENTS
CHAPTER V. DIVISION OF INHERITANCE
CHAPTER VI. SPECIAL SHARES IN INHERITANCE
CHAPTER VII. DISTINCTION BETWEEN SONS
CHAPTER VIII. BUILDINGS
CHAPTER IX. SALE OF BUILDINGS, BOUNDARY DISPUTES, DETERMINATION OF BOUNDARIES, AND MISCELLANEOUS HINDRANCES
CHAPTER X. DESTRUCTION OF PASTURE-LANDS, FIELDS AND ROADS, AND NON-PERFORMANCE OF AGREEMENTS
CHAPTER XI. RECOVERY OF DEBTS
CHAPTER XII. CONCERNING DEPOSITS
CHAPTER XIII. RULES REGARDING SLAVES AND LABOURERS
CHAPTER XIV. RULES REGARDING LABOURERS; AND CO-OPERATIVE UNDERTAKING
CHAPTER XV. RESCISSION OF PURCHASE AND SALE
CHAPTER XVI. RESUMPTION OF GIFTS, SALE WITHOUT OWNERSHIP AND OWNERSHIP
CHAPTER XVII. ROBBERY
CHAPTER XVIII. DEFAMATION
CHAPTER XIX. ASSAULT
CHAPTER XX. GAMBLING AND BETTING AND MISCELLANEOUS OFFENCES
Book IV, "The Removal of Thorns"
CHAPTER I. PROTECTION OF ARTISANS
CHAPTER II. PROTECTION OF MERCHANTS
CHAPTER III. REMEDIES AGAINST NATIONAL CALAMITIES
CHAPTER IV. SUPPRESSION OF THE WICKED LIVING BY FOUL MEANS
CHAPTER V. DETECTION OF YOUTHS OF CRIMINAL TENDENCY BY ASCETIC SPIES
CHAPTER VI. SEIZURE OF CRIMINALS ON SUSPICION OR IN THE VERY ACT
CHAPTER VII. EXAMINATION OF SUDDEN DEATH
CHAPTER VIII. TRIAL AND TORTURE TO ELICIT CONFESSION
CHAPTER IX. PROTECTION OF ALL KINDS OF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
CHAPTER X. FINES IN LIEU OF MUTILATION OF LIMBS
CHAPTER XI. DEATH WITH OR WITHOUT TORTURE
CHAPTER XII. SEXUAL INTERCOURSE WITH IMMATURE GIRLS
CHAPTER XIII. PUNISHMENT FOR VIOLATING JUSTICE
Book V, "The Conduct of Courtiers"
CHAPTER I. CONCERNING THE AWARDS OF PUNISHMENTS
CHAPTER II. REPLENISHMENT OF THE TREASURY
CHAPTER III. CONCERNING SUBSISTENCE TO GOVERNMENT SERVANTS
CHAPTER IV. THE CONDUCT OF A COURTIER
CHAPTER V. TIME-SERVING
CHAPTER VI. CONSOLIDATION OF THE KINGDOM AND ABSOLUTE SOVEREIGNTY
Book VI, "The Source of Sovereign States"
CHAPTER I. THE ELEMENTS OF SOVEREIGNTY
CHAPTER II. CONCERNING PEACE AND EXERTION
Book VII, "The End of the Six-Fold Policy"
CHAPTER I. THE SIX-FOLD POLICY, AND DETERMINATION OF DETERIORATION, STAGNATION AND PROGRESS
CHAPTER II. THE NATURE OF ALLIANCE
CHAPTER III. THE CHARACTER OF EQUAL, INFERIOR AND SUPERIOR KINGS; AND FORMS OF AGREEMENT MADE BY AN INFERIOR KING
CHAPTER IV. NEUTRALITY AFTER PROCLAIMING WAR OR AFTER CONCLUDING A TREATY OF PEACE; MARCHING AFTER PROCLAIMING WAR OR AFTER MAKING PEACE; AND THE MARCH OF COMBINED POWERS
CHAPTER V. CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT MARCHING AGAINST AN ASSAILABLE ENEMY AND A STRONG ENEMY; CAUSES LEADING TO THE DWINDLING, GREED, AND DISLOYALTY OF THE ARMY; AND CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE COMBINATION OF POWERS
CHAPTER VI. THE MARCH OF COMBINED POWERS; AGREEMENT OF PEACE WITH OR WITHOUT DEFINITE TERMS; AND PEACE WITH RENEGADES
CHAPTER VII. PEACE AND WAR BY ADOPTING THE DOUBLE POLICY
CHAPTER VIII. THE ATTITUDE OF AN ASSAILABLE ENEMY; AND FRIENDS THAT DESERVE HELP
CHAPTER IX. AGREEMENT FOR THE ACQUISITION OF A FRIEND OR GOLD
CHAPTER X. AGREEMENT OF PEACE FOR THE ACQUISITION OF LAND
CHAPTER XI. INTERMINABLE AGREEMENT
CHAPTER XII. AGREEMENT FOR UNDERTAKING A WORK
CHAPTER XIII. CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT AN ENEMY IN THE REAR
CHAPTER XIV. RECRUITMENT OF LOST POWER
CHAPTER XV. MEASURES CONDUCIVE TO PEACE WITH A STRONG AND PROVOKED ENEMY; AND THE ATTITUDE OF A CONQUERED ENEMY
CHAPTER XVI. THE ATTITUDE OF A CONQUERED KING
CHAPTER XVII. MAKING PEACE AND BREAKING IT
CHAPTER XVIII. THE CONDUCT OF A MADHYAMA KING, A NEUTRAL KING, AND OF A CIRCLE OF STATES
Book VIII, "Concerning Vices and Calamities"
CHAPTER I. THE AGGREGATE OF THE CALAMITIES OF THE ELEMENTS OF SOVEREIGNTY
CHAPTER II. CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE TROUBLES OF THE KING AND OF HIS KINGDOM
CHAPTER III. THE AGGREGATE OF THE TROUBLE OF MEN
CHAPTER IV. THE GROUP OF MOLESTATIONS, THE GROUP OF OBSTRUCTIONS, AND THE GROUP OF FINANCIAL TROUBLES
CHAPTER V. THE GROUP OF TROUBLES OF THE ARMY, AND THE GROUP OF TROUBLES OF A FRIEND
Book IX, "The Work of an Invader"
CHAPTER I. THE KNOWLEDGE OF POWER, PLACE, TIME, STRENGTH, AND WEAKNESS; THE TIME OF INVASION
CHAPTER II. THE TIME OF RECRUITING THE ARMY; THE FORM OF EQUIPMENT; AND THE WORK OF ARRAYING A RIVAL FORCE
CHAPTER III. CONSIDERATION OF ANNOYANCE IN THE REAR; AND REMEDIES AGAINST INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TROUBLES
CHAPTER IV. CONSIDERATION ABOUT LOSS OF MEN, WEALTH, AND PROFIT
CHAPTER V. EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL DANGERS
CHAPTER VI. PERSONS ASSOCIATED WITH TRAITORS AND ENEMIES
CHAPTER VII. DOUBTS ABOUT WEALTH AND HARM; AND SUCCESS TO BE OBTAINED BY THE EMPLOYMENT OF ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIC MEANS
Book X, "Relating to War"
CHAPTER I. ENCAMPMENT
CHAPTER II. MARCH OF THE CAMP; AND PROTECTION OF THE ARMY IN TIMES OF DISTRESS AND ATTACK
CHAPTER III. FORMS OF TREACHEROUS FIGHTS; ENCOURAGEMENT TO ONE'S OWN ARMY AND FIGHT BETWEEN ONE'S OWN AND ENEMY'S ARMIES
CHAPTER IV. BATTLEFIELDS; THE WORK OF INFANTRY, CAVALRY, CHARIOTS, AND ELEPHANTS
CHAPTER V. THE DISTINCTIVE ARRAY OF TROOPS IN RFSPECT OF WINGS, FLANKS, AND FRONT; DISTINCTION BETWEEN STRONG AND WEAK TROOPS; AND BATTLE WITH INFANTRY, CAVALRY, CHARIOTS AND ELEPHANTS
CHAPTER VI. THE ARRAY OF THE ARMY LIKE A STAFF, A SNAKE, A CIRCLE, OR IN DETACHED ORDER; THE ARRAY OF THE ARMY AGAINST THAT OF AN ENEMY
Book XI, "The Conduct of Corporations"
CHAPTER I. CAUSES OF DISSENSION; AND SECRET PUNISHMENT
Book XII, "Concerning a Powerful Enemy"
CHAPTER I. THE DUTIES OF A MESSENGER
CHAPTER II. BATTLE OF INTRIGUE
CHAPTER III. SLAYING THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AND INCITING A CIRCLE OF STATES
CHAPTER IV. SPIES WITH WEAPONS, FIRE, AND POISON; AND DESTRUCTION OF SUPPLY, STORES AND GRANARIES
CHAPTER V. CAPTURE OF THE ENEMY BY MEANS OF SECRET CONTRIVANCES OR BY MEANS OF THE ARMY; AND COMPLETE VICTORY
Book XIII, "Strategic Means to Capture a Fortress"
CHAPTER I. SOWING THE SEEDS OF DISSENSION
CHAPTER II. ENTICEMENT OF KINGS BY SECRET CONTRIVANCES
CHAPTER III. THE WORK OF SPIES IN A SIEGE
CHAPTER IV. THE OPERATION OF A SIEGE
CHAPTER V. RESTORATION OF PEACE IN A CONQUERED COUNTRY
Book XIV, "Secret Means"
CHAPTER I. MEANS TO INJURE AN ENEMY
CHAPTER II. WONDERFUL AND DELUSIVE CONTRIVANCES
CHAPTER III. THE APPLICATION OF MEDICINES AND MANTRAS
CHAPTER IV. REMEDIES AGAINST THE INJURIES OF ONE'S OWN ARMY
Book XV, "The Plan of a Treatise"
CHAPTER I. PARAGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS OF THIS TREATISE
Strategemata: The Manual of Military Tactics (Sextus Julius Frontinus)
Book I
I. On Concealing One's Plans
II. On Finding Out the Enemy's Plans
III. On Determining the Character of the War
IV. On Leading an Army through Places Infested by the Enemy
V. On Escaping from Difficult Situations
VI. On Laying and Meeting Ambushes while on the March
VII. How to conceal the Absence of the Things we lack, or to supply Substitutes for Them
VIII. On Distracting the Attention of the Enemy
IX. On Quelling a Mutiny of Soldiers
X. How to Check an Unseasonable Demand for Battle
XI. How to arouse an Army's Enthusiasm for battle
XII. On Dispelling the Fears Inspired in Soldiers by Adverse Omens
Book II
I. On choosing the time for battle
II. On Choosing the Place for Battle
III. On the Disposition of Troops for Battle
IV. On creating panic in the enemy's ranks
V. On Ambushes
VI. On Letting the Enemy Escape, lest, Brought to Bay, He Renew the Battle in Desperation
VII. On Concealing Reverses
VIII. On Restoring Morale by Firmness
On Measures taken after Battle. IX. On Bringing the War to a Close after a Successful Engagement
X. On Repairing One's Losses after a Reverse
XI. On Ensuring the Loyalty of Those Whom One Mistrusts
XII. What to do for the Defence of the Camp, in case a Commander lacks Confidence in his Present Forces
XIII. On Retreating
Book III
I. On Surprise Attacks
II. On Deceiving the Besieged
III. On Inducing Treachery
IV. By What Means the Enemy may be Reduced to Want
V. How to Persuade the Enemy that the Siege will be Maintained
VI. On Distracting the Attention of a Hostile Garrison
VII. On Diverting Streams and Contaminating Waters
VIII. On Terrorizing the Besieged
IX. On Attacks from an Unexpected Quarter
X. On Setting Traps to Draw out the Besieged
XI. On Pretended Retirements
On the other hand, Stratagems Connected with the Protection of the Besieged. XII. On Stimulating the Vigilance of One's Own Troops
XIII. On Sending and Receiving Messages
XIV. On Introducing Reinforcements and Supplying Provisions
XV. How to Produce the Impression of Abundance of what is Lacking
XVI. How to Meet the Menace of Treason and Desertion
XVII. On Sorties
XVIII. Concerning Steadfastness on the Part of the Besieged
Book IV0
I. On Discipline
II. On the Effect of Discipline
III. On Restraint and Disinterestedness
IV. On Justice
V. On Determination ("The Will to Victory")
VI. On Good Will and Moderation
VII. On Sundry Maxims and Devices
De re military: Organization of the Roman Army and Battle Tactics (Publius Vegetius Renatus)
Preface to Book I
Book I: The Selection and Training of New Levies
THE ROMAN DISCIPLINE THE CAUSE OF THEIR GREATNESS
THE SELECTION OF RECRUITS
THE PROPER AGE FOR RECRUITS
THEIR SIZE
SIGNS OF DESIRABLE QUALITIES
TRADES PROPER FOR NEW LEVIES
THE MILITARY MARK
INITIAL TRAINING
TO LEARN TO SWIM
THE POST EXERCISE
NOT TO CUT, BUT TO THRUST WITH THE SWORD
THE DRILL CALLED ARMATURA
THE USE OF MISSILE WEAPONS
THE USE OF THE BOW
THE SLING
THE LOADED JAVELIN
TO BE TAUGHT TO VAULT
AND TO CARRY BURDENS
THE ARMS OF THE ANCIENTS
ENTRENCHED CAMPS
EVOLUTIONS
MONTHLY MARCHES
CONCLUSION
Preface to Book II
Book II: The Organization of the Legion
THE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE LEGIONS AND AUXILIARIES
CAUSES OF DECAY OF THE LEGION
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE LEGION
THE OFFICERS OF THE LEGION
THE PRAEFECT OF THE WORKMEN
THE TRIBUNE OF THE SOLDIERS
CENTURIES AND ENSIGNS OF THE FOOT
LEGIONARY TROOPS OF HORSE
DRAWING UP A LEGION IN ORDER OF BATTLE
NAMES OF SOLDIERS INSCRIBED ON THEIR SHIELDS
RECORDS AND ACCOUNTS
SOLDIER'S DEPOSITS
PROMOTION IN THE LEGION
LEGIONARY MUSIC
THE DRILLING OF THE TROOPS
MACHINES AND TOOLS OF THE LEGION
Preface to Book III
Book III: Dispositions for Action
THE NUMBER WHICH SHOULD COMPOSE AN ARMY
MEANS OF PRESERVING IT IN HEALTH
CARE TO PROVIDE FORAGE AND PROVISIONS
METHODS TO PREVENT MUTINY IN AN ARMY
MARCHES IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE ENEMY
PASSAGES OF RIVERS
RULES FOR ENCAMPING AN ARMY
MOTIVES FOR THE PLAN OF OPERATIONS OF A CAMPAIGN
HOW TO MANAGE RAW AND UNDISCIPLINED TROOPS
PREPARATIONS FOR A GENERAL ENGAGEMENT
THE SENTIMENTS OF THE TROOPS SHOULD BE DETERMINED BEFORE BATTLE
CHOICE OF THE FIELD OF BATTLE
ORDER OF BATTLE
PROPER DISTANCES AND INTERVALS
DISPOSITION OF THE CAVALRY
RESERVES
THE POST OF THE GENERAL AND OF THE SECOND AND THIRD IN COMMAND
MANEUVERS IN ACTION
VARIOUS FORMATIONS FOR BATTLE
THE FLIGHT OF AN ENEMY SHOULD NOT BE PREVENTED, BUT FACILITATED
MANNER OF CONDUCTING A RETREAT
ARMED CHARIOTS AND ELEPHANTS
RESOURCES IN CASE OF DEFEAT
GENERAL MAXIMS
The Art of War (Niccolò Machiavelli)
Book 1
Book 2
Book 3
Book 4
Book 5
Book 6
Book 7
On War (Carl von Clausewitz)
INTRODUCTION
NOTICE
THE INTRODUCTION OF THE AUTHOR
BRIEF MEMOIR OF GENERAL CLAUSEWITZ (BY TRANSLATOR)
BOOK I. ON THE NATURE OF WAR
CHAPTER I. What is War?
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DEFINITION
3. UTMOST USE OF FORCE
4. THE AIM IS TO DISARM THE ENEMY
5. UTMOST EXERTION OF POWERS
6. MODIFICATION IN THE REALITY
7. WAR IS NEVER AN ISOLATED ACT
8. WAR DOES NOT CONSIST OF A SINGLE INSTANTANEOUS BLOW
9. THE RESULT IN WAR IS NEVER ABSOLUTE
10. THE PROBABILITIES OF REAL LIFE TAKE THE PLACE OF THE CONCEPTIONS OF THE EXTREME AND THE ABSOLUTE
11. THE POLITICAL OBJECT NOW REAPPEARS
12. A SUSPENSION IN THE ACTION OF WAR UNEXPLAINED BY ANYTHING SAID AS YET
13. THERE IS ONLY ONE CAUSE WHICH CAN SUSPEND THE ACTION, AND THIS SEEMS TO BE ONLY POSSIBLE ON ONE SIDE IN ANY CASE
14. THUS A CONTINUANCE OF ACTION WILL ENSUE WHICH WILL ADVANCE TOWARDS A CLIMAX
15. HERE, THEREFORE, THE PRINCIPLE OF POLARITY IS BROUGHT INTO REQUISITION
16. ATTACK AND DEFENCE ARE THINGS DIFFERING IN KIND AND OF UNEQUAL FORCE. POLARITY IS, THEREFORE, NOT APPLICABLE TO THEM
17. THE EFFECT OF POLARITY IS OFTEN DESTROYED BY THE SUPERIORITY OF THE DEFENCE OVER THE ATTACK, AND THUS THE SUSPENSION OF ACTION IN WAR IS EXPLAINED
18 A SECOND GROUND CONSISTS IN THE IMPERFECT KNOWLEDGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES
19. FREQUENT PERIODS OF INACTION IN WAR REMOVE IT FURTHER FROM THE ABSOLUTE, AND MAKE IT STILL MORE A CALCULATION OF PROBABILITIES
20. THEREFORE, THE ELEMENT OF CHANCE ONLY IS WANTING TO MAKE OF WAR A GAME, AND IN THAT ELEMENT IT IS LEAST OF ALL DEFICIENT
21. WAR IS A GAME BOTH OBJECTIVELY AND SUBJECTIVELY
22. HOW THIS ACCORDS BEST WITH THE HUMAN MIND IN GENERAL
23. WAR IS ALWAYS A SERIOUS MEANS FOR A SERIOUS OBJECT. ITS MORE PARTICULAR DEFINITION
24. WAR IS A MERE CONTINUATION OF POLICY BY OTHER MEANS
25. DIVERSITY IN THE NATURE OF WARS
26. THEY MAY ALL BE REGARDED AS POLITICAL ACTS
27. INFLUENCE OF THIS VIEW ON THE RIGHT UNDERSTANDING OF MILITARY HISTORY, AND ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF THEORY
28. RESULT FOR THEORY
CHAPTER II. Ends and Means in War
CHAPTER III. The Genius for War
CHAPTER IV. Of Danger in War
CHAPTER V. Of Bodily Exertion in War
CHAPTER VI. Information in War
CHAPTER VII. Friction in War
CHAPTER VIII. Concluding Remarks, Book I
BOOK II. ON THE THEORY OF WAR
CHAPTER I. Branches of the Art of War
CHAPTER II. On the Theory of War
1. THE FIRST CONCEPTION OF THE “ART OF WAR” WAS MERELY THE PREPARATION OF THE ARMED FORCES
2. TRUE WAR FIRST APPEARS IN THE ART OF SIEGES
3. THEN TACTICS TRIED TO FIND ITS WAY IN THE SAME DIRECTION
4. THE REAL CONDUCT OF WAR ONLY MADE ITS APPEARANCE INCIDENTALLY AND INCOGNITO
5. REFLECTIONS ON MILITARY EVENTS BROUGHT ABOUT THE WANT OF A THEORY
6. ENDEAVOURS TO ESTABLISH A POSITIVE THEORY
7. LIMITATION TO MATERIAL OBJECTS
8. SUPERIORITY OF NUMBERS
9. VICTUALLING OF TROOPS
10. BASE
11. INTERIOR LINES
12. ALL THESE ATTEMPTS ARE OPEN TO OBJECTION
13. AS A RULE THEY EXCLUDE GENIUS
14. THE DIFFICULTY OF THEORY AS SOON AS MORAL QUANTITIES COME INTO CONSIDERATION
15. THE MORAL QUANTITIES MUST NOT BE EXCLUDED IN WAR
16. PRINCIPAL DIFFICULTY OF A THEORY FOR THE CONDUCT OF WAR
17. FIRST SPECIALITY.—MORAL FORCES AND THEIR EFFECTS. (HOSTILE FEELING.)
18. THE IMPRESSIONS OF DANGER. (COURAGE.)
19. EXTENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF DANGER
20. OTHER POWERS OF FEELING
21. PECULIARITY OF MIND
22. FROM THE DIVERSITY IN MENTAL INDIVIDUALITIES ARISES THE DIVERSITY OF WAYS LEADING TO THE END
23. SECOND PECULIARITY.—LIVING REACTION
24. THIRD PECULIARITY.—UNCERTAINTY OF ALL DATA
25. POSITIVE THEORY IS IMPOSSIBLE
26. MEANS LEFT BY WHICH A THEORY IS POSSIBLE (THE DIFFICULTIES ARE NOT EVERYWHERE EQUALLY GREAT)
27. THEORY MUST BE OF THE NATURE OF OBSERVATIONS NOT OF DOCTRINE
28. BY THIS POINT OF VIEW THEORY BECOMES POSSIBLE, AND CEASES TO BE IN CONTRADICTION TO PRACTICE
29. THEORY THEREFORE CONSIDERS THE NATURE OF ENDS AND MEANS—ENDS AND MEANS IN TACTICS
30. CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH ALWAYS ATTEND THE APPLICATION OF THE MEANS
31. LOCALITY
32. TIME OF DAY
33. WEATHER
34. END AND MEANS IN STRATEGY
35. CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH ATTEND THE APPLICATION OF THE MEANS OF STRATEGY
36. THESE FORM NEW MEANS
37. STRATEGY DEDUCES ONLY FROM EXPERIENCE THE ENDS AND MEANS TO BE EXAMINED
38. HOW FAR THE ANALYSIS OF THE MEANS SHOULD BE CARRIED
39. GREAT SIMPLIFICATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED
40. THIS EXPLAINS THE RAPID GROWTH OF GREAT GENERALS, AND WHY A GENERAL IS NOT A MAN OF LEARNING
41. FORMER CONTRADICTIONS
42. ON THIS ACCOUNT ALL USE OF KNOWLEDGE WAS DENIED, AND EVERYTHING ASCRIBED TO NATURAL TALENTS
43. THE KNOWLEDGE MUST BE MADE SUITABLE TO THE POSITION
44. THE KNOWLEDGE IN WAR IS VERY SIMPLE, BUT NOT, AT THE SAME TIME, VERY EASY
45. OF THE NATURE OF THIS KNOWLEDGE
46. SCIENCE MUST BECOME ART
CHAPTER III. Art or Science of War
1.—USAGE STILL UNSETTLED (POWER AND KNOWLEDGE. SCIENCE WHEN MERE KNOWING; ART, WHEN DOING, IS THE OBJECT.)
2. DIFFICULTY OF SEPARATING PERCEPTION FROM JUDGMENT (ART OF WAR.)
3. WAR IS PART OF THE INTERCOURSE OF THE HUMAN RACE
4. DIFFERENCE
CHAPTER IV. Methodicism
CHAPTER V. Criticism
CHAPTER VI. On Examples
BOOK III. OF STRATEGY IN GENERAL
CHAPTER I. Strategy
OBSERVATION
1. POSSIBLE COMBATS ARE ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR RESULTS TO BE LOOKED UPON AS REAL ONES
2. TWOFOLD OBJECT OF THE COMBAT
3. EXAMPLE
4. WHEN THIS VIEW IS NOT TAKEN, THEN A FALSE VALUE IS GIVEN TO OTHER THINGS
CHAPTER II. Elements of Strategy
CHAPTER III. Moral Forces
CHAPTER IV. The Chief Moral Powers
CHAPTER V. Military Virtue of an Army
CHAPTER VI. Boldness
CHAPTER VII. Perseverance
CHAPTER VIII. Superiority of Numbers
CHAPTER IX. The Surprise
CHAPTER X. Stratagem
CHAPTER XI. Assembly of Forces in Space
CHAPTER XII. Assembly of Forces in Time
CHAPTER XIII. Strategic Reserve
CHAPTER XIV. Economy of Forces
CHAPTER XV. Geometrical Element
CHAPTER XVI. On the Suspension of the Act in War
CHAPTER XVII. On the Character of Modern War
CHAPTER XVIII. Tension and Rest
The Dynamic Law of War
BOOK IV. THE COMBAT
CHAPTER I. Introductory
CHAPTER II. Character of a Modern Battle
CHAPTER III. The Combat in General
CHAPTER IV. The Combat in General (continuation)
CHAPTER V. On the Signification of the Combat
CHAPTER VI. Duration of Combat
CHAPTER VII. Decision of the Combat
CHAPTER VIII. Mutual Understanding as to a Battle
CHAPTER IX. The Battle 39
ITS DECISION
CHAPTER X. Effects of Victory
CHAPTER XI. The Use of the Battle
CHAPTER XII. Strategic Means of Utilising Victory
CHAPTER XIII. Retreat After a Lost Battle
CHAPTER XIV. Night Fighting
BOOK V. MILITARY FORCES
CHAPTER I. General Scheme
CHAPTER II. Theatre of War, Army, Campaign
1.—Theatre of War
2.—Army
3.—Campaign
CHAPTER III. Relation of Power
CHAPTER IV. Relation of the Three Arms
CHAPTER V. Order of Battle of an Army
1.—Division
2.—Combination of Arms
3.—The Disposition
CHAPTER VI. General Disposition of an Army
CHAPTER VII. Advanced Guard and Out-Posts
CHAPTER VIII. Mode of Action of Advanced Corps
CHAPTER IX. Camps
CHAPTER X. Marches
CHAPTER XI. Marches (Continued)
CHAPTER XII. Marches (continued)
CHAPTER XIII. Cantonments
CHAPTER XIV. Subsistence
1.—Living on the inhabitants, or on the community, which is the same thing
2.—Subsistence through exactions enforced by the troops themselves
3.—By regular requisitions
4.—Subsistence from Magazines
CHAPTER XV. Base of Operations
CHAPTER XVI. Lines of Communication
CHAPTER XVII. On Country and Ground
CHAPTER XVIII. Command of Ground
BOOK VI. DEFENCE
CHAPTER I. Offence and Defence
1.—Conception of Defence
2.—Advantages of the Defensive
CHAPTER II. The Relations of the Offensive and Defensive to Each Other in Tactics
CHAPTER III. The Relations of the Offensive and Defensive to Each Other in Strategy
CHAPTER IV. Convergence of Attack and Divergence of Defence
CHAPTER V. Character of the Strategic Defensive
CHAPTER VI. Extent of the Means of Defence
1.—Landwehr (Militia)
2.—Fortresses
3.—The People
4.—The National Armament,
5.—Allies
CHAPTER VII. Mutual Action and Reaction of Attack and Defence
CHAPTER VIII. Methods of Resistance
CHAPTER IX. Defensive Battle
CHAPTER X. Fortresses
CHAPTER XI. Fortresses (Continued)
CHAPTER XII. Defensive Position
CHAPTER XIII. Strong Positions and Entrenched Camps
CHAPTER XIV. Flank Positions
CHAPTER XV. Defence of Mountains
CHAPTER XVI. Defence of Mountains (Continued)
1. A mountain system as a battle-field
2. The influence of mountains on other parts of the country
3. Mountains considered in their aspect of a strategic barrier
4. Mountains in their relation to the provisioning of an army
CHAPTER XVII. Defence of Mountains (continued)
CHAPTER XVIII. Defence of Streams and Rivers
CHAPTER XIX. Defence of Streams and Rivers (continued)
CHAPTER XX. A. Defence of Swamps
B. Inundations
CHAPTER XXI. Defence of Forests
CHAPTER XX. The Cordon
CHAPTER XXIII. Key to the Country
CHAPTER XXIV. Operating Against a Flank
CHAPTER XXV. Retreat into the Interior of the Country
CHAPTER XXVI. Arming the Nation
CHAPTER XXVII. Defence of a Theatre of War
CHAPTER XXVIII. Defence of a Theatre of War—(continued)
CHAPTER XXIX. Defence of a Theatre of War (continued) Successive Resistance
CHAPTER XXX. Defence of a Theatre of War (continued) When no Decision is Sought for
SKETCHES FOR BOOK VII. THE ATTACK
CHAPTER I. The Attack in Relation to the Defence
CHAPTER II. Nature of the Strategical Attack
CHAPTER III. Of the Objects of Strategical Attack
CHAPTER IV. Decreasing Force of the Attack
CHAPTER V. Culminating Point of the Attack
CHAPTER VI. Destruction of the Enemy’s Armies
CHAPTER VII. The Offensive Battle
CHAPTER VIII. Passage of Rivers
CHAPTER IX. Attack on Defensive Positions
CHAPTER X. Attack on an Entrenched Camp
CHAPTER XI. Attack on a Mountain
CHAPTER XII. Attack on Cordon Lines
CHAPTER XIII. Manœuvring
CHAPTER XIV. Attack on Morasses, Inundations, Woods
CHAPTER XV. Attack on a Theatre of War with the View to a Decision
CHAPTER XVI. Attack on a Theatre of War without the View to a Great Decision
CHAPTER XVII. Attack on Fortresses
CHAPTER XVIII. Attack on Convoys
CHAPTER XIX. Attack on the Enemy’s Army in its Cantonments
CHAPTER XX. Diversion
CHAPTER XXI. Invasion
SKETCHES FOR BOOK VIII. PLAN OF WAR
CHAPTER XXII. On the Culminating Point of Victory 59
CHAPTER I. Introduction
CHAPTER II. Absolute and Real War
CHAPTER III. A. Interdependence of the Parts in War
B. On the Magnitude of the Object of the War, and the Efforts to be Made
CHAPTER IV. Ends in War More Precisely Defined. Overthrow of the Enemy
CHAPTER V. Ends in War More Precisely Defined (continued) Limited Object
CHAPTER VI. A. Influence of the Political Object on the Military Object
B. War as an Instrument of Policy
CHAPTER VII. Limited Object—Offensive War
CHAPTER VIII. Limited Object—Defence
CHAPTER IX. Plan of War when the Destruction of the Enemy is the Object
Maxims of War (Napoleon Bonaparte)
MAXIM I
NOTE
MAXIM II
NOTE
MAXIM III
NOTE
MAXIM IV
NOTE
MAXIM V
NOTE
MAXIM VI
NOTE
MAXIM VII
NOTE
MAXIM VIII
NOTE
MAXIM IX
NOTE
MAXIM X
NOTE
MAXIM XI
NOTE
MAXIM XII
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MAXIM XIII
NOTE
MAXIM XIV
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MAXIM XV
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MAXIM XVI
NOTE
MAXIM XVII
NOTE
MAXIM XVIII
NOTE
MAXIM XIX
NOTE
MAXIM XX
NOTE
MAXIM XXI
NOTE
MAXIM XXII
NOTE
MAXIM XXIII
NOTE
MAXIM XXIV
NOTE
MAXIM XXV
NOTE
MAXIM XXVI
NOTE
MAXIM XXVII
NOTE
MAXIM XXVIII
NOTE
MAXIM XXIX
NOTE
MAXIM XXX
NOTE
MAXIM XXXI
NOTE
MAXIM XXXII
NOTE
MAXIM XXXIII
NOTE
MAXIM XXXIV
NOTE
MAXIM XXXV
NOTE
MAXIM XXXVI
NOTE
MAXIM XXXVII
NOTE
MAXIM XXXVIII
NOTE
MAXIM XXXIX
NOTE
MAXIM XL
NOTE
MAXIM XLI
NOTE
MAXIM XLII
NOTE
MAXIM XLIII
NOTE
MAXIM XLIV
NOTE
MAXIM XLV
NOTE
MAXIM XLVI
NOTE
MAXIM XLVII
NOTE
MAXIM XLVIII
NOTE
MAXIM XLIX
NOTE
MAXIM L
NOTE
MAXIM LI
NOTE
MAXIM LII
NOTE
MAXIM LIII
NOTE
MAXIM LIV
NOTE
MAXIM LV
NOTE
MAXIM LVI
NOTE
MAXIM LVII
NOTE
MAXIM LVIII
NOTE
MAXIM LIX
NOTE
MAXIM LX
NOTE
MAXIM LXI
NOTE
MAXIM LXII
NOTE
MAXIM LXIII
NOTE
MAXIM LXIV
NOTE
MAXIM LXV
NOTE
MAXIM LXVI
NOTE
MAXIM LXVII
NOTE
MAXIM LXVIII
NOTE
MAXIM LXIX
NOTE
MAXIM LXX
NOTE
MAXIM LXXI
NOTE
MAXIM LXXII
NOTE
MAXIM LXXIII
NOTE
MAXIM LXXIV
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MAXIM LXXV
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MAXIM LXXVI
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MAXIM LXXVII
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MAXIM LXXVIII
NOTE
Battle Studies (Ardant du Picq)
PREFACE
TRANSLATORS' NOTE
INTRODUCTION
A MILITARY THINKER
RECORD OF MILITARY SERVICE OF COLONEL ARDANT DU PICQ
CAMPAIGNS AND WOUNDS
DECORATIONS
EXTRACT FROM THE HISTORY OF THE 10TH INFANTRY REGIMENT
CAMPAIGN OF 1870
PART ONE. ANCIENT BATTLE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. MAN IN PRIMITIVE AND ANCIENT COMBAT
CHAPTER II. KNOWLEDGE OF MAN MADE ROMAN TACTICS. THE SUCCESSES OF HANNIBAL, THOSE OF CAESAR
CHAPTER III. ANALYSIS OF THE BATTLE OF CANNAE
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS OF THE BATTLE OF PHARSALUS, AND SOME CHARACTERISTIC EXAMPLES
CHAPTER V. MORALE IN ANCIENT BATTLE
CHAPTER VI. UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS REAL COMBATANTS ARE OBTAINED AND HOW THE FIGHTING OF OUR DAYS, IN ORDER TO BE WELL DONE, REQUIRES THEM TO BE MORE DEPENDABLE THAN IN ANCIENT COMBAT
CHAPTER VII. PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WHAT WOULD BE NECESSARY TO COMPLETE IT
PART II. MODERN BATTLE
CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION
CHAPTER II. INFANTRY
CHAPTER III. CAVALRY
CHAPTER IV. ARTILLERY
CHAPTER V. COMMAND, GENERAL STAFF, AND ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER VI. SOCIAL AND MILITARY INSTITUTIONS. NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
Guerrilla Warfare (Ernesto Che Guevara)
Part I: General Principles of Guerrilla Warfare
Essence of Guerrilla Warfare
Guerrilla Strategy
Guerrilla Tactics
Warfare on Favorable Ground
Warfare on Unfavorable Ground
Suburban Warfare
Part II: The Guerrilla Band
The Guerrilla Fighter: Social Reformer
The Guerrilla Fighter as Combatant
Organization of a Guerrilla Band
The Combat
Beginning, Development, and End of a Guerrilla War
Part III: Organization of the Guerrilla Front
Supply
Civil Organization
The Role of the Woman
Medical Problems
Sabotage
War Industry
Propaganda
Intelligence
Training and Indoctrination
The Organizational Structure of the Army of a Revolutionary Movement
Organization in Secret of the First Guerrilla Band
Defense of Power That Has Been Won
Epilogue
Analysis of the Cuban Situation, its Present and its Future
Small Wars Manual: The Strategy of Military Operations (US Marine Corp)
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
SECTION I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
1-1. Small wars defined
1-2. Classes of small wars
1-3. Some legal aspects of small wars
1-4. Functions of headquarters Marine Corps
1-5. Phases of small wars
1-6. Summary
SECTION II. STRATEGY
1-7. The basis of the strategy
1-8. Nature of the operations
1-9. National war
SECTION. III PSYCHOLOGY
1-10. Foreword
1-11. Characteristics
1-12. Fundamental considerations
1-13. Revolutionary tendencies
1-14. Basic instincts
1-15. Attitude and bearing
1-16. Conduct of our troops
1-17. Summary
SECTION IV. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT
1-18. Importance of cooperation
1-19. Principles prescribed by Navy Regulations
1-20. Contact with State Department representatives
SECTION V. THE CHAIN OF COMMAND—NAVY AND MARINE CORPS
1-21. Navy regulations
1-22. Control of joint operations
1-23. The directive
1-24. Naval officer commanding ashore
1-25. Marine officer commanding ashore
1-26. Marine—Constabulary
1-27. Direct control by Navy Department
SECTION VI. MILITARY—CIVIL RELATIONSHIP
1-28. Importance
1-29. Contact with national government officials
1-30. Cooperation with law-enforcement agencies
1-31. Contact with inhabitants
CHAPTER II. ORGANIZATION
SECTION I. THE ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION
2-1. General
2-2. The mission
2-3. Factors to be considered in estimating enemy strength
2-4. Relative strength
2-5. Enemy courses of action
2-6. Own courses of action
2-7. The decision
2-8. Supporting measures
2-9. Campaign and operation plans
SECTION II. THE STAFF IN SMALL WARS
2-10. Command and staff responsibility in small wars
2-11. The Force Commander
2-12. Staff procedure
2-13. The chief of staff
2-14. The first section (personnel)—F-l
2-15. The second section (intelligence) F-2
2-16. The third section (plans and training)—F-3
2-17. The fourth section (supply)—F-4
2-18. The special staff
2-19. The adjutant
2-20. The inspector
2-21. The law officer
2-22. The officer in charge of civil affairs
2-23. The chaplain
2-24. The paymaster
2-25. The provost marshal
2-26. The commanding officer of special troops
2-27. The artillery officer
2-28. The air officer
2-29. The communications officer
2-30. The engineer officer
2-31. The surgeon
2-32. The quartermaster
2-33. The chemical officer
2-34. The tank officer
2-35. The munitions officer
2-36. The post exchange officer
2-37. The amusement and welfare officer
SECTION III. COMPOSITION OF THE FORCE
2-38. General
2-39. Infantry.—a. Importance
2-40. Infantry weapons
2-41. Infantry individual equipment
2-42. Mounted troops
2-43. Engineers
2-44. Tanks and armored cars
2-45. Transport
2-46. Signal troops
2-47. Chemical troops
2-48. Medical troops
2-49. Artillery
2-50. Aviation
CHAPTER III. LOGISTICS
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
SECTION II. SUPPLY
3-2. Influence of Supply on a column
3-3. Supply officers
3-4. Storage
3-5. Distribution
3-6. Supply steps
3-7. Local purchases
3-8. Requisitions
3-9. Depots, dumps, and distributing points
3-10. Chain of responsibility
3-11. Accountability
3-12. Public funds
3-13. Objective
3-14. Supervision of requisitions
3-15. Accumulation of stores
3-16. General
3-17. Importance of supply
SECTION III. TRANSPORTATION
3-18. General
3-19. Railroad transportation
3-20. Motor transportation
3-21. Tractor-trailer transportation
3-22. Transportation pools
3-23. Aviation transport
3-24. Water transportation
3-25. Animal transportation
3-26. Important points in packing
3-27. Pack mules
3-28. Pack horses
3-29. Pack bulls
3-30. Phillips pack saddle
3-31. McClellan saddle
3-32. Pack equipment
3-33. Native packers
3-34. Marines as packers
3-35. Bullcarts
3-36. Trains with combat columns
CHAPTER IV. TRAINING
SECTION I. CHARACTER AND PURPOSE OF SMALL WARS TRAINING
4-1. Relation to other training
4-2. Tactical training
4-3. Rifle company
4-4. Machine gun company
4-5. Mortars and 37 mm. guns
4-6. Troop schools
SECTION II. TRAINING DURING CONCENTRATION
4-7. Training objective
4-8. Scope of training
4-9. Disciplinary training
SECTION III. TRAINING EN ROUTE ON BOARD SHIP
4-10. General
4-11. Ship routine
4-12. Time available for troop training
4-13. Troop schools on board ship
4-14. Size of classes
4-15. Assignment to classes
4-16. Subjects covered
4-17. Essential training
SECTION IV. TRAINING IN THE THEATER OF OPERATIONS
4-18. System of training
4-19. Facilities
4-20. Subjects covered
4-21. Training centers
4-22. Troop schools
4-23. Organization of troop schools and training centers
SECTION V. Training Instructions
4-24. Training instructions
4-25. Training programs
4-26. Training schedules
CHAPTER V. INITIAL OPERATIONS
SECTION I. NEUTRAL ZONES
5-1. General
5-2. Purpose, occasion, and circumstances
5-3. Basic orders
5-4. Instructions
5-5. Zone force commander’s order
5-6. Proclamation
SECTION II. MOVEMENT INLAND
5-7. Point of departure
5-8. Mobile columns and flying columns
5-9. Strength and composition of columns
5-10. Protective measures covering movement
5-11. Establishment of advanced bases inland
5-12. Movement by rail
SECTION III. MILITARY TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION
5-13. Purpose
5-14. Influence of the mission on territorial organization
5-15. Assignment of troops to areas
5-16. Size and limits of areas
SECTION IV. METHODS OF PACIFICATION
5-17. The nature of the problem
5-18. Methods of operations
5-19. Occupation of an area
5-20. Patrols
5-21. Roving patrols
5-22. Zones of refuge
5-23. The cordon system
5-24. The Blockhouse system
5-25. Special methods
CHAPTER VI. INFANTRY PATROLS
SECTION I. SMALL WAR TACTICS
6-1. Tactics during initial phases
6-2. Tactics during later phases
6-3. Influence of terrain
6-4. The principle of the offensive
6-5. The principles of mass, movement, surprise, and security
SECTION II. ORDERS AND GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
6-6. Written orders
6-7. Verbal orders
6-8. General instructions
SECTION III. ORGANIZING THE INFANTRY PATROL
6-9. Definition
6-10. Factors which govern its organization
6-11. Size of the patrol.—a. General
6-12. Permanent roving patrols
6-13. Selection of units
6-14. Elimination of the physically unfit
6-15. Patrol and subordinate leader
6-16. The rifle squad
6-17. The headquarters section
6-18. Attached units
6-19. Guides and interpreters
6-20. Native transport personnel
6-21. Native troops
6-22. Prominent native civilians
6-23. Transportation
6-24. Weapons
6-25. Ammunition
6-26. Signal equipment
6-27. Medical supplies
6-28. Miscellaneous equipment
6-29. Personal clothing and accessories
6-30. General preparations
SECTION IV. FEEDING THE PERSONNEL
6-31. Responsibility of patrol leader
6-32. Mess equipment
6-33. Weight of rations
6-34. The field ration
6-35. Butchering on the march
6-36. Feeding native personnel
6-37. Emergency rations
SECTION V. THE MARCH
6-38. General
6-39. Hour of starting
6-40. Rate of march
6-41. Factors influencing march formations
6-42. Influence of terrain on march formation
6-43. Road spaces
6-44. Location of patrol and subordinate leaders in march formation
6-45. Location of the combat train
6-46. Descriptive march formations
6-47. March formations for a reenforced rifle company
6-48. March formation for a reenforced rifle platoon
6-49. March formation for a rifle platoon
6-50. March formation for a rifle squad
6-51. March discipline
6-52. March outposts
6-53. Camp sites
6-54. Making camp
6-55. Shelter
6-56. Bivouac beds
SECTION VI. RECONNAISSANCE AND SECURITY
6-57. Methods of reconnaissance
6-58. Reconnoitering by scouts
6-59. Careful visual reconnaissance
6-60. Hasty visual reconnaissance
6-61. Reconnaissance by fire
6-62. Reconnaissance by aviation personnel
6-63. Airplane reconnaissance by patrol leaders
6-64. Intelligence agents
6-65. Questioning inhabitants for information
6-66. Dogs on reconnaissance
6-67. Security on the march
6-68. Security at rest
SECTION VII. LAYING AMBUSHES
6-69. Definition
6-70. Selection of position
6-71. Usual characteristics of an ambush
6-72. Occupying the position
6-73. The ambush engagement
6-74. Employment of infantry weapons
SECTION VIII. ATTACKING AMBUSHES
6-75. Mental preparation
6-76. Prearranged schemes of maneuver
6-77. Spirit of the offensive
6-78. Fire and movement
6-79. Authority of subordinates to act on own initiative
SECTION IX. ATTACKING HOUSES AND SMALL BIVOUACS
6-80. Attacking houses
6-81. Attacking small bivouacs
6-82. Destroying captured bivouacs
SECTION X. STRATAGEMS AND RUSES
6-83. Rules of land warfare
6-84. Clearing the station
6-85. Apprehending informers
6-86. Spies following a patrol
6-87. Guerrilla ruses and stratagems
SECTION XI. RIVER CROSSINGS
6-88. Introduction
6-89. Availability of means
6-90. Swimming
6-91. Bridges
6-92. Boats
6-93. Ferries
6-94. Fords
6-95. Rafts
6-96. Crossing unfordable streams with usual infantry equipment
6-97. Crossing horses and mules
SECTION XII. SPECIAL OPERATIONS
6-98. Trail cutting
6-99. Night operations
CHAPTER VII. MOUNTED DETACHMENTS
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
7-1. Purpose
7-2. Use of animals an expedient
7-3. Need for training in animal care and employment
7-4. Some difficulties in employing animals
SECTION II. CARE OF ANIMALS
7-5. Knowledge of animal management required
7-6. Nomenclature
7-7. Identification
7-8. Duties of officers charged with care of animals
7-9. Rules for handling animals
7-10. Stables and corrals
7-11. Grooming
7-12. Forage
7-13. Principles of feeding
7-14. Watering
7-15. Conditioning
7-16. Management of animals on the march
7-17. First-aid treatment
7-18. Communicable diseases
7-19. Care of the feet
7-20. Veterinary supplies
SECTION III. PROCUREMENT OF ANIMALS
7-21. Necessity for local purchase
7-22. Procurement agents
7-23. Native dealers
7-24. Purchasing from native dealers
7-25. Minimum specifications for animals
7-27. Age qualifications
7-28. Examination for soundness
7-29. Marking of purchased animals
7-30. Use of United States animals in small wars
SECTION IV. MOUNTED DETACHMENTS
7-31. Value of mounted detachments
7-32. Basis for organization
7-33. A mounted rifle company
7-34. Machine-gun and howitzer units
7-35. Animals for mounted detachments
7-36. Spare mounts
7-37. Assignment of mounts
7-38. Horse equipment
7-39. Individual equipment
7-40. Arms and ammunition
7-41. Pack equipment
7-42. Training, general
7-43. Training for specialists
7-44. Time required for training
7-45. Combat training
7-46. Tactical uses of mounted detachments
7-47. Conduct of mounted patrols
7-48. Combat patrols
7-49. Ambushes
SECTION V. HASTILY ORGANIZED MOUNTED PATROLS
7-50. Definition and uses
7-51. Discussion
7-52. Type of animal to employ
7-53. Other details
CHAPTER VIII. CONVOYS AND CONVOY ESCORTS
8-1. Definitions
8-2. Mission
8-3. Organization
8-4. Convoy types
8-5. March of convoys
8-6. Disposition of the escort on the march
8-7. Defehse of a convoy
8-8. Attack of a convoy
8-9. Security measures at the halt
CHAPTER IX. AVIATION
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
9-1. General
9-2. Special air tactics involved
SECTION II. COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION
9-3. Types
9-4. Reconnaissance aircraft
9-5. Combat aircraft
9-6. Transport aircraft
9-7. Organization
9-8. Movement to the theater of operations
SECTION III. SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF BASES
9-9. Main airdrome
9-10. Auxiliary airdromes
9-11. Advanced landing fields
9-12. Emergency landing fields
9-13. Specifications of landing fields
9-14. Minimum size of landing fields
SECTION IV. GENERAL CONDUCT OF AIR OPERATIONS
9-15. Control and command
9-16. Details of operations
9-17. Reports
SECTION V. EMPLOYMENT OF RECONNAISSANCE AVIATION
9-18. General considerations
9-19. Strategical reconnaissance
9-20. Tactical reconnaissance
9-21. Infantry mission
9-22. Special combat missions
SECTION VI. COMBAT SUPPORT
9-23. General discussion
9-24. Fighting aviation
9-25. Attack aviation
9-26. Bombing aviation
9-27. Attacks on troop columns and trains
9-28. Support of a marching column
9-29. Attack on hostile positions
9-30. Attacks on towns
9-31. Aviation as a mobile reserve
SECTION VII. AIR TRANSPORT
9-32. General considerations
9-33. Troop transportation
9-34. Transportation of supplies
9-35. Dropping of supplies
9-36. Evacuation of sick and wounded
CHAPTER X. RIVER OPERATIONS
SECTION I. RIVER OPERATIONS IN GENERAL
10-1. Necessity for river operations
10-2. General characteristics of rivers
SECTION II. TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BOATS
10-3. General
10-4. Coastwise communications
10-5. Nature of the river
10-6. Lower river boats
10-7. Middle river boats
10-8. Upper river boats
10-9. Types of boats available
10-10. Method of propulsion
10-11. Influence of tactical principles
SECTION III. PREPARATIONS FOR RIVER OPERATIONS
10-12. Introduction
10-13. Organizing the river patrol
10-14. Crews
10-15. Boat procurement
10-16. Armament and equipment
10-17. Loading boats
SECTION IV. OCCUPATION OF A RIVER
10-18. The mission
10-19. Similarity to land operations
10-20. The day’s march
10-21. Rate of movement
10-22. Boat formations
10-23. Reconnaissance and security
10-24. Initial contact with the enemy
10-25. A typical ambush
10-26. The attack
10-27. Garrisoning the river
10-28. Defensive measures
10-29. Passage of obstacles
10-30. Night operations
10-31. Supporting forces
CHAPTER XI. DISARMAMENT OF POPULATION
11-1. General
11-2. Estimate and Plans
11-3. Laws, Decrees, Orders, and Instructions
11-4. Manner of Collecting Arms
11-5. Collecting Agencies
11-6. Custody of Arms
11-7. Disposition
11-8. Permits
11-9. Control of Sources of Supply
11-10. Measures Following Disarmament
CHAPTER XII. ARMED NATIVE ORGANIZATIONS
SECTION I. GENERAL
12-1. Local armed forces
12-2. United States intervention
12-3. Restoration of authority to local government
12-4. Formation of a constabulary
SECTION II. ORGANIZATION OF A CONSTABULARY
12-5. Planning agency
12-6. Approval of plans
12-7. Local creative law
12-8. United States creative laws
12-9. Composition
12-10. Duties and powers
12-11. Size of force
12-12. Administrative organization
12-13. Supply and equipment
12-14. Records and reports
12-15. Finances
12-16. Recruiting
12-17. Housing and shelter
12-18. Military courts
SECTION III. OPERATIONS AND TRAINING
12-19. Recruits
12-20. Unit training
12-21. Officers
12-22. Field operations
12-23. Troop leading
SECTION IV. AUXILIARY FORCES
12-24. Urban and rural agents
12-25. Special agents
12-26. Auxiliary units
SECTION V. CIVIL AND MILITARY RELATIONSHIP
12-27. Relation to civil power
12-28. Relation to United States forces
CHAPTER XIII. MILITARY GOVERNMENT
SECTION 1. GENERAL
13-1. Scope of chapter
13-2. Definitions
13-3. Authority for exercise of military government
13-4. Functions of military government in general
13-5. By whom exercised
13-6. How proclaimed
SECTION II. ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF MILITARY
13-7. Importance of organization
13-8. Plans
13-9. The proclamation
13-10. Supplemental regulations
13-11. Digest of information
13-12. Attitude toward local officials and inhabitants
13-13. Law enforcement agencies and public services
13-14. Exceptional military courts
13-15. Control of civil and military administration
13-16. Public utilities
13-17. Trade relationship
13-18. Mines and quarries
13-19. Public revenues
13-20. Requisitions and contributions
13-21. Public and private property
13-22. Employment of inhabitants
13-23. Police and elections
SECTION III. APPLICATIONS OF PRINCIPLES TO SITUATIONS SHORT OF WAR
13-24. General considerations
13-25. What laws apply
CHAPTER XIV. SUPERVISION OF ELECTIONS
SECTION I. GENERAL
14-1. Introduction
14-2. Request for supervision
14-3. Definitions
14-4. Responsibilities of an electoral mission
14-5. Intimidation of voters
14-6. Military and police measures
14-7. Unethical practices
SECTION II. PERSONNEL
14-8. Chairman
14-9. Electoral mission staff
14-10. Commissioned officers
14-11. Enlisted personnel
14-12. Civilian personnel
14-13. Instruction of personnel
14-14. Replacements
14-15. Pay and allowances
SECTION III. ELECTORAL MISSION
14-16. Chairman
14-17. Vice chairman
14-18. Executive officer
14-19. Secretary
14-20. Inspector
14-21. Intelligence and press relations officer
14-22. Law officer.-
14-23. Communications officer
14-24. Disbursing and supply officer
14-25. Medical officer
14-26. Aides
14-27. Departmental board personnel
14-28. Cantonal board personnel
SECTION IV. NATIONAL BOARD OF ELECTIONS
14-29. Members and staff
14-30. Duties
14-31. Secretary of the National Board of Elections
14-32. Complaints, appeals, and petitions
14-33. Assembly
SECTION V. REGISTRATION AND VOTING
14-34. Registration
14-35. Voting
14-36. Final reports
CHAPTER XV. WITHDRAWAL
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
15-1. General
15-2. Factors to be considered
15-3. Phases of withdrawal
SECTION II. WITHDRAWAL FROM ACTIVE MILITARY OPERATIONS
15-4. Concentration
15-5. Rights retained
15-6. Procedure
SECTION III. FINAL WITHDRAWAL
15-7. General
15-8. Plans and orders
15-9. Executive staff duties
15-10. First section
15-11. Second section
15-12. Third section
15-13. Fourth section
15-14. Special staff duties
15-15. Air officer
15-16. Engineer officer
15-17. Communications officer
15-18. Surgeon
15-19. Quartermaster
