The Bystander Effect

The Bystander Effect
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‘Fantastic … It explains the misperception of stacked odds and personal powerlessness that stops individuals challenging bad behaviour. Stunning. Humbling. Thought-provoking’ Kathryn Mannix, author of With the End in MindIn the face of discrimination, bad behaviour, evil and abuse, why do good people so often do nothing? Every day, we see examples of bad or immoral behaviour – from sexual harassment to political corruption, from negligence to bullying.Why did no one stop the abduction of Jamie Bulger, despite many witnesses reporting they felt uneasy seeing the two-year-old's distress? How did the USA gymnastics team doctor, Larry Nassar, abuse hundreds of young women under his care for so long? Why didn't anyone intervene when David Dao, an innocent sixty-nine-year-old man, was forcibly removed from his seat on a United Airlines aeroplane and dragged down the aisle by security officers? How did large crowds of men get away with sexually assaulting an estimated 1,200 women in Cologne during the 2015 New Year's Eve celebrations?In The Bystander Effect, pioneering psychologist Catherine Sanderson uses real-life examples, neuroscience and the latest psychological studies to explain why we might be good at recognising bad behaviour but bad at taking action against it. With practical strategies to transform your thinking, she shows how we can all learn to speak out, intervene, think outside the group mentality and ultimately become braver versions of ourselves.Courage is not a virtue we're born with. A bystander can learn to be brave.

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Catherine Sanderson. The Bystander Effect

THE BYSTANDER EFFECT

Catherine A. Sanderson

Copyright

Dedication

Preface

1. The Myth of Monsters

The Hazards of the Herd

Just Following Orders

A Question of Identity

The Agony of Indecision

Gradual Escalation

Understanding Silence and Inaction

2. Who Is Responsible?

The Birth of the Bystander Effect

The Hazards of Social Loafing

Overcoming the Bystander Effect

Public Self-Awareness Matters

Responsibility Matters

Connection Matters

3. The Perils of Ambiguity

Ambiguity Drives Inaction

The Hazards of a Poker Face

Understanding Common Misperceptions

The Neuroscience of Acting in a Crowd

Strength in Numbers

4. The Considerable Costs of Helping

Weighing the Costs of Helping

The Social Costs of Speaking Up

Social Rejection Feels Bad in the Brain

Overcoming the Costs

5. The Power of Social Groups

The Social Pressure to Conform

Why Conforming Feels So Good

Peer Pressure Is Real, Especially for Teens

The Consequences of Misperceiving Social Norms

The Power of Correcting False Norms

The Power of Outsiders

6. At School: Standing Up to Bullies

Understanding—and Misunderstanding—Bullying

Who Stands Up to Bullies?

Strategies for Reducing Bullying

Provide Bystander Training

Change the School Culture

The KiVa Program

Build Strong Relationships

7. In College: Reducing Sexual Misconduct

The Hazards of All-Male Groups

The Challenge of a Few Loud Voices

Strategies That Work to Reduce Sexual Assault

Correct Norm Misperceptions

Provide Skills Training

Create New Norms

8. At Work: Fostering Ethical Behavior

Will You Confront Your Boss?

Professional Benefits of Staying Silent

Social Costs of Standing Up to Bad Behavior

The Slippery Slope of Bad Behavior

Changing Workplace Culture

Hire Ethical Leaders

Refuse to Tolerate Unethical Behavior

Create Cues and Reminders

Create a Culture of Speaking Up

9. Understanding Moral Rebels

Defining Moral Courage

What Makes a Moral Rebel

Lack of Social Inhibition

The Empathy Factor

Finding Your Inner Moral Rebel

10. Becoming a Moral Rebel

Believe in Change

Learn Skills and Strategies

Practice, Practice, Practice

Sweat the Small Stuff

Foster Empathy

Widen the In-Group

Look for Ethical Leaders

Find a Friend

Shift Social Norms

Change the Culture

Notes. 1. The Myth of Monsters

2. Who Is Responsible?

3. The Perils of Ambiguity

4. The Considerable Costs of Helping

5. The Power of Social Groups

6. At School

7. In College

8. At Work

9. Understanding Moral Rebels

10. Becoming a Moral Rebel

Index

Acknowledgments

About the Author

About the Publisher

Отрывок из книги

The Psychology of Courage and Inaction

with hope that you will never stay silent about things that matter

.....

II. Bullies and Bystanders

6. At School: Standing Up to Bullies

.....

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