The Logic of Compressed Modernity

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Chang Kyung-Sup. The Logic of Compressed Modernity

CONTENTS

Guide

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

List of Photos

List of Box

Pages

The Logic of Compressed Modernity

PREFACE

1 INTRODUCTION Purpose, Debates, and Subjects. 1.1 Purpose

1.2 Compressed Modernity in Critical Modernity Debates

1.3 Subjects

NOTES

2 COMPRESSED MODERNITY Constitutive Dimensions and Manifesting Units. 2.1 Introduction

2.2 Constitutive Dimensions

2.3 Manifesting Units

2.4 Discussion: From Theory of Modernization toTheory of Modernitization

NOTES

3 COMPRESSED MODERNITY IN THE UNIVERSALIST PERSPECTIVE. 3.1 Introduction

3.2 Variations of Compressed Modernity as Internalized Reflexive Cosmopolitization

3.3 Advanced Capitalist Societies. The Historical Nature of Early Modernization

Compressed Modernity in Advanced Capitalist Societies as Internalized Reflexive Cosmopolitization

3.4 Un(der)developed Societies. The Colonial and Postcolonial Conditions of Modernity

Compressed Modernity in Un(der)developed Societies as Internalized Reflexive Cosmopolitization

3.5 (Post-Socialist) Transition Societies. Socialist Modernization

Compressed Modernity in Transition Societies as Internalized Reflexive Cosmopolitization

3.6 Discussion: East Asia and Compressed Modernity

NOTES

4 INTERNAL MULTIPLE MODERNITIES South Korea as Multiplex Theater Society. 4.1 Introduction

4.2 Colonial Dialectical Modernity

4.3 Postcolonial Reflexive Institutional(ist) Modernization

4.4 Postcolonial Neotraditionalist Modernity

4.5 The Cold War and Free World Modernity

4.6 State-Capitalist Modernity and National Developmentalism

4.7 Neoliberal Economic Globalism and Cosmopolitan Modernity

4.8 Subaltern Liberal Modernity in the Making: Civil Society as (Associative) Subaltern Community

4.9 The Clash of (Internal Multiple) Modernities?

4.10 In Perspective: South Korea as Multiplex Theater Society

NOTES

5 TRANSFORMATIVE CONTRIBUTORY RIGHTS Citizen(ship) in Compressed Modernity. 5.1 Introduction

Box 5.1The Charter of National Education (gukmingyoyukheonjang)

5.2 Institutional and Techno-Scientific Modernization and Educational Citizenship

5.3 Economic Transformation and Developmental Citizenship

5.4 Democratization and Transformative Political Citizenship

5.5 Globalization and Neoliberal versus Cosmopolitan Citizenship

5.6 National Reconfiguration and Compatriotic Citizenship

5.7 Prospect: Transformation into Post-Transformative Society?

NOTES

6 COMPLEX-CULTURALISM VS. MULTICULTURALISM. 6.1 Introduction

6.2 Complex Culturalism: The Cultural Platform of Compressed Modernity

6.3 Ad Hoc Multiculturalism under Reproductive Globalization

6.4 Borrowed Docility: Re(/neo)traditionalization through Foreign Bodies, Particularistic Multiculturalism, and Complex Culturalism

6.5 Discussion: Cloakroom Cosmopolitization

NOTES

7 PRODUCTIVE MAXIMIZATION, REPRODUCTIVE MELTDOWN. 7.1 Introduction

7.2 Varieties of Productionist Systems and Reproductive Crises

7.3 Dissolution of the Farm Family Reproduction Cycle

7.4 Industrial Working Life History and Social Reproduction

7.5 Urban Poor Families: Women under Old and New Social Risks

7.6 Debt-Sustained Livelihood: Financialization of Social Reproduction

7.7 Conclusion and Prospect: After Condensed Social Divestures

NOTES

8 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONAL DEFICITS AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FAMILIALISM. 8.1 Introduction: Infrastructural Familialism, from Above and from Below

8.2 Family and Modernity: Academic Debates and Historical Realities

8.3 Late Capitalist Industrialization and Its Familial Parameters

8.4 Familial Self-Welfare instead of the Welfare State

8.5 Educationalized Modernization and Family-Sustained Public Education

8.6 Conclusion and Prospect: Family as Overloaded Social Infrastructure

NOTES

9 THE DEMOGRAPHIC CONFIGURATION OF COMPRESSED MODERNITY. 9.1 Demographic Parameters of Compressed Capitalist Development

9.2 Compressed Demographic Transitions

Double (Developmental and Demographic) Rural–Urban Divide

(Gender-Selective) Fertility Decline under Double-Patriarchal Capitalist Industrialization

Risk-Aversive Individualization, Marriage Crisis, and Second Fertility Transition

Disembedding and Reembedding Between Individual Life Course and Family Life Cycle

From Developmental to Empty Aging

9.3 Ethnodemographic Reconfiguration of the Korean Nation?

9.4 Conclusion

NOTES

10 THE POST-COMPRESSED MODERN CONDITION. 10.1 South Korea in the Post-Compressed Modern Era

10.2 The Double-Fold Structural Crises

10.3 Beyond South Korea

NOTES

REFERENCES

INDEX. A

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Chang Kyung-Sup

Three decades of work as a social scientist at a South Korean university have induced me to think that local social sciences are no less quite a unique social phenomenon to be explained themselves than an academic task of explaining the supposed real-world social phenomena. This thought is inseparable from a judgment that the extremely compressed nature of South Korea’s modernization and development and its actual conditions, processes, and risks constitute a highly essential scientific subject. Another decisive judgment is that compression in modernization and development has been as much global historical necessitation (or sometimes coercion) as purposive national achievement. In still another related judgment, compressed modernization and development, while South Korea is indeed an exemplary case, have been universal across the postcolonial world whether in reality or aspiration. Given these interrelated thoughts and judgments, reflecting on locally practiced social sciences, including my own scholarship, becomes a very interesting and productive experience, even leading to a wide array of crucial clues in understanding the (real?) social world as well. Every day at work has thus been an interestingly productive experience, and part of its outcome is the current book.

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This book consists of three parts, respectively entitled: “Part I. Compressed Modernity in Perspective”; “Part II. Structural Properties of Compressed Modernity”; and “Part III. After Compressed Modernity.” Part I offers, besides the current introduction chapter, two chapters that respectively explain the definitional and universal aspects of compressed modernity. Part II includes six chapters that respectively deal with the internal multiplicity of modernities, the particular mode of citizenship under compressed modernity, the complexity of the cultural configuration of compressed modernity, the productionist bias and reproductive crisis in development, the social institutional deficits and infrastructural familialism, and the demographic configuration of compressed modernity. Part III concludes the current book with a chapter discussing South Korea’s post-compressed modern condition loaded with the dual burdens arising from, on the one hand, the earlier risky schemes of compressed modernization and development and, on the other hand, the common dilemmas accompanying social and economic maturation (or saturation). Although these diverse topics already constitute a sizable monograph, there are numerous other theoretical and empirical issues that need to be covered in order to provide a reasonably self-contained scientific account of compressed modernity. Nonetheless, this book is presented as a tentative general treatise on compressed modernity. Each of the above-mentioned chapters is briefly summarized as follows.

In Chapter 2, “Compressed Modernity: Constitutive Dimensions and Manifesting Units,” I intend to present a formal definition and core theoretical/historical components of compressed modernity. Compressed modernity consists of multiple dimensions constructed by all possible combinations of temporal (historical) and spatial (civilizational) manifestations of human social activities, relationships, and assets – namely, temporal condensation of historical change, spatial condensation of civilizational compass, compressed mixing of diverse temporalities (eras), compressed mixing of diverse spaces (civilizations), and interactions among the above. Compressed modernity can be manifested at various levels of human existence and experience – that is, personhood, family, secondary organizations, urban/rural localities, societal units (including civil society, nation, etc.), and, not least importantly, the global society. At each of these levels, people’s lives need to be managed intensely, intricately, and flexibly in order to remain normally integrated with the rest of society. Compressed modernity is a critical theory of postcolonial social change, aspiring to join and learn from the main self-critical intellectual reactions of the late twentieth century as to complex and murky social realities in the late modern world, including postmodernism, postcolonialism, reflexive modernization, and multiple modernities.

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