The History of Hinduism and Buddhism
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Charles Eliot. The History of Hinduism and Buddhism
The History of Hinduism and Buddhism
Table of Contents
Volume 1
Table of Contents
PREFACE
BOOK I. INTRODUCTION
1. Influence of Indian Thought in Eastern Asia
2. Origin and Growth of Hinduism
3. The Buddha
4. Asoka
5. Extension of Buddhism and Hinduism beyond India
6. New Forms of Buddhism
7. Revival of Hinduism
8. Later Forms of Hinduism
9. European Influence and Modern Hinduism
10. Change and Permanence in Buddhism
11. Rebirth and the Nature of the Soul
12
13
14. Eastern Pessimism and Renunciation
15. Eastern Polytheism
16. The Extravagance of Hinduism
17. The Hindu and Buddhist Scriptures
18. Morality and Will
19. The Origin of Evil
20. Church and State
21. Public Worship and Ceremonial
22. The Worship of the Reproductive Forces
23. Hinduism in Practice
24. Buddhism in Practice
25. Interest of Indian Thought for Europe
BOOK II. EARLY INDIAN RELIGION. A GENERAL VIEW
CHAPTER I. RELIGIONS OP INDIA AND EASTERN ASIA
CHAPTER II. HISTORICAL
CHAPTER III. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN RELIGION
1
2
3
4
CHAPTER IV. VEDIC DEITIES AND SACRIFICES
1
2
3
4
CHAPTER V. ASCETICISM AND KNOWLEDGE
1
2
3
4
CHAPTER VI. RELIGIOUS LIFE IN PRE-BUDDHIST INDIA
2
3
CHAPTER VII. THE JAINS
1[251]
2
3
4
5
6
BOOK III. PALI BUDDHISM
CHAPTER VIII. LIFE OF THE BUDDHA
1
2
3
4
5
CHAPTER IX. THE BUDDHA COMPARED WITH OTHER RELIGIOUS TEACHERS
CHAPTER X. THE TEACHING OF THE BUDDHA
1
2
3
4
5
6
CHAPTER XI. MONKS AND LAYMEN
1
2
CHAPTER XII. ASOKA
1
2
3
CHAPTER XIII. THE CANON
1
2
3
4
5
CHAPTER XIV. MEDITATION
1
2
CHAPTER XV. MYTHOLOGY IN HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM
1
2
3
4
Footnote
Volume 2
Table of Contents
BOOK IV. THE MAHAYANA
CHAPTER XVI. MAIN FEATURES OF THE MAHAYANA
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XVII. BODHISATTVAS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XVIII. THE BUDDHAS OF MAHAYANISM
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XIX. MAHAYANIST METAPHYSICS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XX. MAHAYANIST SCRIPTURES
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXI. CHRONOLOGY OF THE MAHAYANA
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXII. FROM KANISHKA TO VASUBANDHU
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXIII. INDIAN BUDDHISM AS SEEN BY THE CHINESE PILGRIMS
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXIV. DECADENCE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA
FOOTNOTES:
BOOK V. HINDUISM
CHAPTER XXV. ŚIVA AND VISHṆU
1
2
3
4
5
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXVI. FEATURES OF HINDUISM: RITUAL, CASTE, SECT, FAITH
1
2
3
4
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXVII. THE EVOLUTION OF HINDUISM. BHÂGAVATAS AND PÂŚUPATAS
1
2
3
4
5
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXVIII. ŚANKARA. SIVAISM IN SOUTHERN INDIA. KASHMIR. LINGÂYATS
1
2
3
4
5
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXIX. VISHNUISM IN SOUTH INDIA
1
2
3
4
5
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXX. LATER VISHNUISM IN NORTH INDIA
1
2
3
4
5
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXXI. AMALGAMATION OF HINDUISM AND ISLAM. KABIR AND THE SIKHS
1
2
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXXII. ŚÂKTISM[680]
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXXIII. HINDU PHILOSOPHY
2
3
4
5
FOOTNOTES:
Volume 3
Table of Contents
BOOK VI. BUDDHISM OUTSIDE INDIA
CHAPTER XXXIV. EXPANSION OF INDIAN INFLUENCE
INTRODUCTORY
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXXV. CEYLON
1
2
3
4
5
6
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXXVI. BURMA
1
2
3
4
5
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXXVII. SIAM[188]
1
2
3
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXXVIII. CAMBOJA[242]
1
2
3
4
5
6
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XXXIX. CHAMPA[329]
1
2
3
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XL. JAVA AND THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XLI. CENTRAL ASIA
1
2
3
4
5
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XLII. CHINA
Prefatory note
INTRODUCTORY
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XLIII. CHINA (continued)
History
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XLIV. CHINA (continued)
The Canon
1
2
3
4
5
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XLV. CHINA (continued)
Schools[790] Of Chinese Buddhism
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XLVI. CHINA (continued)
Chinese Buddhism at the Present Day
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XLVII. KOREA[895]
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XLVIII. ANNAM
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER XLIX. TIBET
Introductory
CHAPTER L. TIBET (continued)
History
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER LI. TIBET (continued)
The Canon
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER LII. TIBET (continued)
Doctrines of Lamaism
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER LIII. TIBET (continued)
Sects
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER LIV. JAPAN
FOOTNOTES:
BOOK VII. MUTUAL INFLUENCE OF EASTERN AND WESTERN RELIGIONS
CHAPTER LV. INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER LVI. INDIAN INFLUENCE IN THE WESTERN WORLD
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER LVII. PERSIAN INFLUENCE IN INDIA
FOOTNOTES:
CHAPTER LVIII. MOHAMMEDANISM IN INDIA
FOOTNOTES:
Отрывок из книги
Charles Eliot
All 3 Volumes
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The Buddha was frequently occupied with maintaining peace and order among his disciples. Though the profession of a monk excluded worldly advancement, it was held in great esteem and was hence adopted by ambitious and quarrelsome men who had no true vocation. The troubles which arose in the Sangha are often ascribed in the Vinaya to the Chabbaggiyas, six brethren who became celebrated in tradition as spirits of mischief and who are evidently made the peg on which these old monkish anecdotes are hung. As a rule the intervention of the Buddha was sufficient to restore peace, but one passage[360] indicates resistance to his authority. The brethren quarrelled so often that the people said it was a public scandal. The Buddha endeavoured to calm the disputants, but one of them replied, "Lord, let the Blessed One quietly enjoy the bliss which he has obtained in this life. The responsibility for these quarrels will rest with us alone." This seems a clear hint that the Blessed One had better mind his own business. Renewed injunctions and parables met with no better result. "And the Blessed One thought" says the narrative "'truly these fools are infatuated,' and he rose from his seat and went away."
Other troubles are mentioned but by far the most serious was the schism of Devadatta, represented as occurring in the old age of Gotama when he was about seventy-two. The story as told in the Cullavagga[361] is embellished with supernatural incidents and seems not to observe the natural sequence of events but perhaps three features are historical: namely that Devadatta wished to supersede the Buddha as head of the order, that he was the friend of Ajâtasattu, Crown Prince and afterwards King of Magadha[362], and that he advocated a stricter rule of life than the Buddha chose to enforce. This combination of piety and ambition is perhaps not unnatural. He was a cousin of the Buddha and entered the order at the same time as Ânanda and other young Sâkya nobles. Sprung from that quarrelsome breed he possessed in a distorted form some of Gotama's own ability. He is represented as publicly urging the Master to retire and dwell at ease but met with an absolute refusal. Sâriputta was directed to "proclaim" him in Râjagaha, the proclamation being to the effect that his nature had changed and that all his words and deeds were disowned by the order. Then Devadatta incited the Crown Prince to murder his father, Bimbisâra. The plot was prevented by the ministers but the king told Ajâtasattu that if he wanted the kingdom he could have it and abdicated. But his unnatural son put him to death all the same[363] by starving him slowly in confinement. With the assistance of Ajâtasattu, Devadatta then tried to compass the death of the Buddha. First he hired assassins, but they were converted as soon as they approached the sacred presence. Then he rolled down a rock from the Vulture's peak with the intention of crushing the Buddha, but the mountain itself interfered to stop the sacrilege and only a splinter scratched the Lord's foot. Then he arranged for a mad elephant to be let loose in the road at the time of collecting alms, but the Buddha calmed the furious beast. It is perhaps by some error of arrangement that after committing such unpardonable crimes Devadatta is represented as still a member of the order and endeavouring to provoke a schism by asking for stricter rules. The attempt failed and according to later legends he died on the spot, but the Vinaya merely says that hot blood gushed from his mouth.
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