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Charles H. Caffin. How to Study Architecture
How to Study Architecture
Table of Contents
ILLUSTRATIONS
BOOK I
HOW TO STUDY ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER II. PRIMITIVE STRUCTURES
BOOK II. PRE-CLASSIC PERIOD
CHAPTER I. EGYPTIAN CIVILISATION
CHAPTER II. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
THE ANCIENT EMPIRE
FIRST THEBAN MONARCHY OR MIDDLE EMPIRE
SECOND THEBAN EMPIRE OR NEW EMPIRE
PTOLEMAIC AND ROMAN PERIODS
CHAPTER III. CHALDÆAN, ASSYRIAN, AND BABYLONIAN CIVILISATION
CHAPTER IV. CHALDÆAN, ASSYRIAN, AND BABYLONIAN ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER V. PERSIAN CIVILISATION
CHAPTER VI. PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER VII. MINOAN OR ÆGEAN CIVILISATION
CHAPTER VIII. MINOAN OR ÆGEAN ARCHITECTURE
BOOK III. CLASSIC PERIOD
CHAPTER I. HELLENIC CIVILISATION
CHAPTER II. HELLENIC ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER III. ROMAN CIVILISATION
CHAPTER IV. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
BOOK IV. POST-CLASSIC PERIOD
CHAPTER I. EARLY CHRISTIAN CIVILISATION
CHAPTER II. EARLY CHRISTIAN AND BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER III. MUHAMMEDAN, ALSO CALLED SARACENIC CIVILISATION
CHAPTER IV. MUHAMMEDAN ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER V. EARLY MEDIÆVAL CIVILISATION
CHAPTER VI. EARLY MEDIÆVAL OR ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
FRENCH ROMANESQUE
ENGLISH ROMANESQUE OR NORMAN
RHENISH ROMANESQUE
SPANISH ROMANESQUE
BOOK V. GOTHIC PERIOD
CHAPTER I. LATE MEDIÆVAL CIVILISATION
CHAPTER II. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
I
CHAPTER III. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE
CHAPTER IV. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND AND WALES
CHAPTER V. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, AND SPAIN
NETHERLANDISH GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH GOTHIC
CHAPTER VI. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY
BOOK VI. THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD
CHAPTER I. RENAISSANCE CIVILISATION
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
GERMAN RENAISSANCE
SPANISH RENAISSANCE
FRENCH RENAISSANCE
NETHERLANDISH RENAISSANCE
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER II. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY
PRINCIPAL ARCHITECTS OF THE FLORENTINE SCHOOL
PRINCIPAL ARCHITECTS OF THE ROMAN SCHOOL
PRINCIPAL ARCHITECTS OF THE VENETIAN RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER III. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY—CONTINUED
ECCLESIASTICAL BUILDINGS
S. PETER’S
CHAPTER IV. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE
CHAPTER V. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, AND SPAIN
SPANISH RENAISSANCE
FLEMISH AND HOLLAND RENAISSANCE TYPES
HOLLAND
CHAPTER VI. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND AND AMERICAN COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN PERIODS
ANGLO-ITALIAN PERIOD
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY STYLES. ANGLO-CLASSICAL. QUEEN ANNE. GEORGIAN
AMERICAN COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
BOOK VII. POST-RENAISSANCE PERIOD
CHAPTER I. CLASSICAL AND GOTHIC REVIVALS
CLASSICAL REVIVAL IN GREAT BRITAIN
GERMAN CLASSICAL PERIOD
FRENCH CLASSICAL PERIOD
UNITED STATES CLASSICAL REVIVAL
GOTHIC REVIVAL
FRANCE
UNITED STATES
CHAPTER II. THE MODERN SITUATION
MODERN MOVEMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN
MODERN MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
GLOSSARY
INDEX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Отрывок из книги
Charles H. Caffin
Published by Good Press, 2021
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It occupies an immense area, only rivalled by that of Cuzco, and is constructed of stones, many of which weigh several tons, hewn into shape with stone hammers. Large portions of the mountain sides are built up with terraces, which were used for agricultural purposes and suggest an analogy with the “hanging gardens” of Babylon. No less than a hundred flights of steps connect the various parts of the city, which is divided into wards or “clan groups” by walled enclosures, enclosing houses and sometimes a central place of worship. The typical design of the houses is much like that of an Irish cabin—a ground story and a half story with gabled ends, each pierced by a small window. The wooden roofs have disappeared, but the stones, bored with a hole, to which the timbers were lashed, are still in place. In the burial caves bronze objects of fine workmanship have been discovered.
Among other noted remains of early buildings is the Teocalli or “House of the God” of Guatusco in Costa Rica. It shows a truncated pyramid of masonry, rising in steps, the top forming a platform on which the temple stands. A still more important example of this form of structure must have been the Teocalli of Tenochtitlan, the ancient name of Mexico City. Built about 1446, it was destroyed by the Spaniards and part of its site is now occupied by the Cathedral. According to accounts it comprised a truncated pyramid, measuring at the top, which was 86 feet from the ground, 325 by 250 feet. In the ascent it was necessary to pass five times round the structure by a series of terraces. On the platform were several ceremonial buildings, the terrible image of the god Huitzilopochtli, supposed to be the one that is now in the Museum of Mexico City, and the sacrificial stone. Upon the latter were sacrificed immense numbers of human victims; report saying, though no doubt with exaggeration, that at the dedication of the temple seventy thousand were slaughtered to appease the sanguinary appetite of this hideous idol.
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