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THE LION

AND

THE ELEPHANT.

THE AFRICAN LION

THE LION

AND

THE ELEPHANT.

BY

CHARLES JOHN ANDERSSON

AUTHOR OF

"LAKE NGAMI," " THE OKOVANGO RIVER," ETC.

EDITED BY

L. LLOYD,

AUTHOR OF

"FIELD SPOUTS OF THE NORTH OF EUROPE,"

ETC.

IN ONE VOLUME.

LONDON:

HURST AND BLACKETT, PUBLISHERS,

13, GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET

1873.

All rights reserved

EDITOR'S PREFACE.

—————

T

HE late Charles John Andersson, the well known traveller in Africa, and author of "Lake Ngami" and "The Okovango River," ended his days miserably, as so many other enterprising men have done before him, in the wilds of that continent, leaving behind him voluminous papers and notes, which are now in my possession. Amongst the rest, are materials for his contemplated great illumi- nated work, "The Ave Fauna of Southern Africa." of which an abstract has recently been published by his talented friend, Mr. John Henry Gurney, under the title of the "Birds of Damaraland, etc.," and as this valuable work has been very favourably received, and poor Andersson, in consequence, once more brought to the remembrance of his numerous friends both in England and Sweden, 1 am induced to give publicity to the present volume,

EDITOR'S PREFACE.

which, as coming from the pen of one who pro- bably saw more than most men, of the animals therein spoken of, will not improbably interest both the naturalist and sportsman.

Other notes of Andersson, relating not only to his more recent travels, but also to the natural history of various four-footed animals indigenous to Southern Africa, are still in my possession, and should the present work meet with the reception it is to be hoped and trusted it will, these also may probably be shortly published.

L. LLOYD.

GOTHENBURG,

May 30, 1873.

CONTENTS.

________________

THE LION.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION—PLACES WHERE THE LION IS FOUND—LION HUNTS IN AFRICA AND IN ASIA—DISTINCT SPECIES—NUMEROUS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA DESCRIPTION OF THE LION AND LIONESS THE FACULTIES OF THESE ANIMALS—THE LION'S ROAR—SIZE AND WEIGHT—IMMENSE STRENGTH COMPARED WITH THAT OF HE BENGAL TIGER—DOGS VERSUS THE LION—THE LION'S PACES………………………………………………………………………..3

CHAPTER II.

NATURE OF THE LION'S PREY—SAID TO EAT HIS MATE—DESTRUC- TIVE TO CATTLE—THE LION A "MAN-EATER"—THE WHITE MAN VERSUS THE BLACK—NATIVES COMPELLED TO LIVE IN TREKS— MANNER IN WHICH THE LION SEIZES HIS PREY—THE LION'S BOUND—THE WOUNDS HE INFLICTS—FOOT OF THE LION—HIS GLUTTONY—FAMILIARITY OF INFERIOR ANIMALS WITH HIM— THE LION'S FLESH—AGE TO WHICH HE ATTAINS—ATTEMPTS SUICIDE…………………………………………………………………...21

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER III.

THE LION MONOGAMOUS—HIS GALLANTRY TO HIS MATE—LOVE AND GALLANTRY AMONG LIONS—THE LIONESS A JILT—COMBATS OF RIVAL SUITORS—THE PAIRING SEASON—PERIOD OF GESTATION— THE CUBS THEIR SIZE, APPEARANCE, AND COLOUR—DISPARITY IN THE NUMBER OF THE SEXES—THE YOUNG LION'S APPRENTICE- SHIP—DEPRIVING THE LIONESS OF HER CUBS ………………………….40

CHAPTER IV.

DARING OF THE LION—SENTINEL CARRIED OFF BY A LION— TERRIBLE TRAGEDY—TWO FORMIDABLE "MAN-EATERS"— BUSHMAN KILLED BY A LION—UNSUCCESSFUL PURSUIT OF A "MAN-KILLER" BENEFIT CONFERRED ON THE CHILDREN OF THE DESERT BY THE DEATH OF THE LION—APPALLING CATAS- TROPHE—IRRUPTION OF A LION INTO A KRAAL—DARING SHOT OF A LION-HUNTER—AUDACITY OF THE LION…………………………51

CHAPTER V.

INFLUENCE OF THE HUMAN EYE UPON THE LION—DIEDRICH MiiLLER—GERT SCHEPER'S ENCOUNTER WITH A LION—MOF- FATT—POWER OF THE HUMAN VOICE OVER THE MONARCH OF BEASTS THE ALGERIAN ARABS—GORDON CUMMING IN DANGER THE LION AFRAID OF RUSES—CUNNING OF THE LION ILLUS- TRATIONS FROM GREEN, CUMMING, MOFFATT ……………………….75

CHAPTER VI.

DAY AND NIGHT HAUNTS—OK THE LION THE LION—AND LAMB LYING DOWN TOGETHER—LIONS HUNTING IN COMPANY AD- VENTURE IN PURSUIT OF GNOOS THE LION'S PREY—BRINGING DOWN THE GIRAFFE—A PRECONCERTED PLOT—DOMESTICATION OF THE LION—AN UNPROFITABLE CUSTOMER FOR THE BUTCHERS CAPACITY FOR INSTRUCTION RESPECT FOR HIS KEEPER— TEMPER IN CONFINEMENT—SCANDINAVIAN LYNX…………………… 93

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER VIII.

LION-HUNTING IN SOUTH AFRICA—CHASE BY THE COLONISTS— THE LION'S LAIR—THOMPSON'S DESCRIPTION OF A HUNT—A MAGNANIMOUS LION—NAMAQUA MODE OF HUNTING—NARROW ESCAPE OF MR. ORWELL—A FIELD-OFFICER IN DANGER— SALT-PANS—A SPORTSMAN'S FIRST ENCOUNTER WITH THE MONARCH OF THE FOREST—LIONS AND DOGS ………………………118

CHAPTER IX.

LION-CHASE BY NATIVES—HABIT OF THE LION WHEN SEIZING HIS PREY—THE CAFFRE MODE OF KILLING THE LION—THE SHIELD —THE RING—RING-HUNT ON A GRAND SCALE—BUSHMAN METHOD OF KILLING THE LION—RESCUE OF A LION-HUNTER— DARING HUNTERS—PURSUIT OF THE LION BY THE AGGA- JEERS………………………………………………………………………142

CHAPTER X.

SHOOTING THE LION BY NIGHT—A NOT VERY ENVIABLE SITUA- TION PERILOUS POSITION—THE WOUNDED LION EXCITING HUNTING SCENE NIGHT-SHOOTING—GORDON CUMMING'S EXPE- RIENCES—THE LION IN THE DARK—LIONS WATERING THE MELBODA-ARAB LION HUNTERS—THE SPRING-GUN—THE PIT- FALL……………………………………………………………………….156

CHAPTER XI.

LION-HUNTING IN INDIA—ADVENTURES—MAJOR CHARLES DELA- MAINE'S FIRST LION-STORY—MARKERS—BEATING THE PATCH— LION AND ELEPHANT—DESPERATE STRUGGLE—DESPERATE POSITION OF A MAHOUT—GALLANT CHARGE OF WOUNDED LION—MAJOR DELAMAINE'S SECOND LION-STORY—PERILOUS ADVENTURE—LION-HUNTING BY ROYALTY IN INDIA………………...173

CHAPTER XII.

NUMBER OF PERSONS KILLED AND MUTILATED BY LIONS IN AFRICA—REMARKABLE ESCAPE FROM A LION'S JAWS—MIGHTY NIMRODS—PIET'S ADVENTURE WITH A LION DANGERS OF THE TRAVELLER IN AFRICA—WONDERFUL ESCAPE OF A NATIVE FROM A LION—MOFFATT THE MISSIONARY IN JEOPARDY— BARBARITIES OF THE MATABILE -VARIOUS ADVENTURES WITH LIONS— THE PRISONERS………………………………………………...192

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XIII.

ARMS BEST SUITED FOR LION-SHOOTING—THE LION'S RAGE AT A BULLET—TENACITY OP LIFE—WOUNDS INFLICTED BY A DYING LION—SAFEGUARDS—CAPE-HORSES—REFLECTIONS ON LION- HUNTING—SIGNS OF THE LION'S WRATH—ALLEGED COWARDICE —THE ALGERINE LION…………………………………………………..215

———————

THE ELEPHANT.

CHAPTER I.

COUNTRIES IN WHICH THE ELEPHANT IS FOUND—TWO VARIETIES —DIFFERENCE OF THE INDIAN AND AFRICAN SPECIES—COLOUR, HEIGHT, AND WEIGHT—THE PROBOSCIS—THE TUSKS—CARE WITH WHICH THE ELEPHANT GUARDS ITS TRUNK—DENTITION—MOVE- MENTS AND PACE—WHEELING ABOUT ENORMOUS WEIGHT OF THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT—THE SPOOR………………………………...239

CHAPTER II.

VOICE OF THE ELEPHANT—SENSES—HEARING, SIGHT, AND SMELL —NATURAL DISPOSITION—MUTUAL AFFECTION—CARRYING WATER TO A WOUNDED COMRADE—SAGACITY—FLESH OF THE ELEPHANT—THE FOOT—PROBOSCIS AND FAT—HIDE AND EAR— IVORY—LONGEVITY……………………………………………………..260

CHAPTER III.

BREEDING HABITS—PERIOD OF GESTATION—THE CALF—SIZE OF THE YOUNG ELEPHANT—ITS GROWTH—MATERNAL AND FILIAL AFFECTION—TOUCHING STORY—CALF OF THE RHINOCEROS— INCAPABLE OF DOMESTICATION—PET ELEPHANTS—EMPLOY- MENT OF THE ELEPHANT IN WAR ……………………………….……..276

CONTEXTS.

CHAPTER IV.

GREGARIOUS HABITS OP THE ELEPHANT—LARGE HERBS—-HAUNTS —HABITS IMITATIVE FACULTIES—A SQUADRON OF ELEPHANTS —FOOD ON WHICH THEY SUBSIST—TREES UPROOTED BY ELE- PHANTS—NOT A RUMINATING ANIMAL—QUANTITY OF WATER DRUNK BY THE ELEPHANT—THROWING WATER OVER THE BODY —PROTECTION FROM THE SUN…………………………………...……286

CHAPTER V.

STALKING GENERALLY DESCRIBED—THE AUTHOR'S OWN EX- PERIENCES—TRACKING THE ELEPHANT—FATIGUE OF ELEPHANT- SHOOTING—QUALITIES REQUISITE IN AN ELEPHANT-HUNTER— PARTY OF OVAMBOES—SUCCESSFUL STALKING—NOTES FOR THE GUIDANCE OF ELEPHANT-HUNTERS………………………..…………..301

CHAPTER VI.

ELEPHANT-HUNTING ON HORSEBACK—HARRIS'S EXPERIENCES— ADVENTURES OF GORDON CUMMING—DANGERS TO WHICH THE MOUNTED ELEPHANT-HUNTER IS EXPOSED—DOGS HARDSHIPS ENDURED BY THE HUNTER ON HORSEBACK ……………..……………327

CHAPTER VI.

ELEPHANT SHOOTING AT NIGHT—AMBUSHING FOR GAME—THE AUTHOR'S EXPERIENCES AT THE "SCREEN" —DANGERS ATTEND- ANT ON NIGHT-SHOOTING—PERSONAL ADVENTURES—A CRITICAL POSITION—A SUCCESSFUL NIGHT'S SHOOTING—AN EVENTFUL EPOCH OF MY LIFE…………………………………………….…………339

CHAPTER VIII.

HAMSTRINGING OF ELEPHANTS BY THE CAFFRES—BRUCE'S AC- COUNT—THE PITFALL—USE OF POISONED JAVELINS—THE RHINOCEROS, THE ELEPHANT'S ENEMY—COMBATS BETWEEN MALE ELEPHANTS—-STRUCK BY LIGHTNING—THE CHASSE IN ABYSSINIA—THE AGGAJEERS—THEIR MANNER OF KILLING THE ELEPHANT—FREEMASONRY AMONG HUNTERS ……………….……...358

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER IX.

CASUALTIES TO ELEPHANT-HUNTERS—DEATH OF WAHLBERG— CAREL KRIEGER'S FATAL ADVENTURE—REVENGE OF A WOUNDED ELEPHANT—REMARKABLE ESCAPE OF LIEUTENANT MOODIE— LIFE OF THE ELEPHANT-HUNTER—DANGERS AND HARDSHIPS TO WHICH HE IS EXPOSED—MAD WAGER AND ITS FATAL RESULT—ELEPHANT-HUNTING, BLOODY AND UNDESIRABLE WORK……………………………………………………………….……371

———————

ILLUSTRATIONS.

THE AFRICAN LION……………………………………...Frontispiece

LION ATTACKED BY DOGS ……………………………….…….163

THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT………………………………..….…..239

A FURIOUS CHARGE……………………………………………..309