This book traces the significant history of the U.S. Consular Service, America's principal representation abroad through most its history. This new edition adds the period 1914 to 1924, after which the Consular Service was integrated with the Diplomatic Service to form the present-day Foreign Service of the United States. This volume thus adds the work of the Consular Service through the end of World War I, the Greek disaster in Turkey, and Germany in the early years of the Weimar Republic.<br><br>Consuls have played an important role in relations between countries from ancient times to the present. Consuls look after the citizens of their respective countries temporarily living elsewhere, and they act as quasi-diplomatic representatives wherever they are located. In this book the author briefly traces the history of consuls from their creation in the Egypt of the Pharaohs to their spread across the sailing routes of the Mediterranean to the rest of the world. The book focuses mainly on the development of the Consular Service of the United States. As a British colony Americans relied on the far-flung British consular system to take care of their sailors and merchants, but after the Revolution they had to scramble to create an American service. While the American diplomatic establishment was confined by protocol to the major capitals of the world, U.S. consular posts proliferated to most of the major ports where the expanding American merchant marine called. <br><br>Mostly untrained political appointees, each consul was a lonely individual relying on his native wits to provide adequate help to distressed Americans, mainly seamen. As consular appointments were often used as a reward for authors and other talented people, the American Consular Service could boast of such noteworthy members as Nathaniel Hawthorne, James Fennimore Cooper, William Dean Howells, Bret Harte, and the cartoonist Thomas Nast. Winston Churchill's grandfather was an American consul, as was Fiorello LaGuardia, later mayor of New York. American consuls played significant roles in the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the Civil War, the Spanish-American War, and World War I and its aftermath.
Оглавление
Charles Stuart Kennedy. The American Consul: A History of the United States Consular Service 1776â1924. Revised Second Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
1. Consular Antecedents
2. Revolution and Confederation (1776–1789)
3. Birth of the Consular Service (1789–1800)
4. The Barbary Consuls (1794–1815)
5. Free Trade and Seamen’s Rights (1800–1815)
6. Yankee Consuls in Latin America (1810–1860)
7. Consuls in Europe –– Consular Reform (1815–1860)
8. Consular Development in the Near East (1815–1860)
9. Consular Operations in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific (1790–860)
CHINA
JAPAN
10. Consuls and the Civil War (1861–1865)
11. Post–Civil War Consular Activities (1865–1900)
12. Cuban Problems and Consular Corruption (1870s–1890s)
CONSULAR CORRUPTION
THE KEIM REPORT
MOSBY IN CHINA
13. Consuls and Commerce: Trouble in Samoa (1865–1900)
14. The Spanish-American War (1898)
15. A Professional Consular Service (1860–1914)
16. World War I and the Creation of the United States Foreign Service (1914–1924)
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Отрывок из книги
In the intervening years following the publication of this book’s first edition, The American Consul: A History of the United States Consular Service, 1776–1914 (Greenwood, 1990), I hoped that historians would pick up on the important role of American consuls in the development of U.S. relations with the rest of the world. But that did not happen. As the first edition is no longer in print and had been published with a virtually prohibitive price by a firm that caters to the academic library market, I decided to bring out a new edition in paperback.
This new edition adds the period 1914 to 1924, when the Consular Service was integrated with the Diplomatic Service to form the present-day Foreign Service of the United States. This volume thus adds the work of the Consular Service through the end of World War I, the Greek disaster in Turkey, and Germany in the early years of the Weimar Republic.
.....
The French were unhappy. After giving the United States years to work on a consular convention, not an earthshaking proposition, and having made what they must have considered one-sided concessions to Franklin, they were to have all this overturned by a Congress guided by the Francophobe Jay. The French foreign minister showed remarkable restraint in dealing with his volatile ally and awaited a new round of negotiations while French consuls, still in a legal limbo, went about their business in the thirteen states.
Thomas Jefferson replaced Franklin as minister to France in 1785 and, among other matters, waited for instructions from Congress for renegotiating the consular convention.17 Congress moved in its usual deliberate manner. It was not until the summer of 1788, the last year of the Confederation and ten years after the Treaty of Amity and Commerce with France, that Jefferson was able to negotiate a new convention. In opening the negotiations Jefferson wrote the French foreign minister, by then the Count de Montmorin:
Нет рецензий.Будьте первым, кто напишет рецензию на книгу The American Consul: A History of the United States Consular Service 1776â1924. Revised Second Edition
