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Charlie Wing. The Tiny House Handbook
Table of Contents
Guide
Pages
THE TINY HOUSE HANDBOOK
INTRODUCTION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
THE AUTHOR
AUTHOR’S NOTE
1 TINY HOUSES
A Tiny House at Walden Pond
Thoreau’s Floor Plan?
What Is a Tiny House? By Definition
On Wheels
Delivered on Skids
Built on Site
How Big Is Big Enough? US House Sizes, 1920–2015
Shelter Sizes Around the World
New Life for an Old Idea: The ADU. What Is an ADU?
Why an ADU?
Options for ADUs
OPTIONS
2 LEGAL ASPECTS
Zoning and Building Codes
Zoning
Town Zoning Survey
Building Codes
Permits and Variances
The IRC Minimum Size
IRC Appendix Q. IRC Appendix Q: Tiny Houses
GENERAL
DEFINITIONS
CEILING HEIGHT
LOFTS
EMERGENCY ESCAPE & RESCUE OPENINGS
Highway Width & Height Limits
Maximum Unpermitted Highway Height Limits
Example (Maine) DOT Size Limits for Drop-Deck Trailers
3 COSTS
Building Cost Breakdown
Where Does the Money Go?
Savings by Doing It Yourself
How Much Can a DIYer Save?
Square Foot Construction Cost
Contracted vs Do-It-Yourself Costs/Sq.Ft. as a Function of Size
Total Construction Cost
Contracted vs Do-It-Yourself Total Cost as a Function of Size
Big Added Cost: The Site
2018 Residential Building Site Costs, $1,000 per Acre
More Added Costs: Site Services
Building Site Services
Added Costs: Impact Fees?
Average Residential Building Impact Fees by State
4 DESIGN
The Process. Where to Begin
A Scrapbook
The Program
The Program
Activity Space Analysis
Area
Orientation
Privacy
Example Activity Analysis
Activity Space Table Example
Space Bubbles
Scaled Area Circles
Initial Bubble Diagram
Second Bubble Diagram
Squaring Up the Bubbles. Bubbles into Rectangles
Fitting It All In
A Few Critical Dimensions. Exterior Doors
EGRESS DOOR: IN- OR OUT-SWINGING
EGRESS DOOR: IN-SWINGING ONLY
NON-EGRESS EXTERIOR DOOR
Minimum Bathroom Dimensions (IRC)
Minimum Ceiling Heights (IRC Appendix Q)
Window Heights for Views
Furniture and Appliances. Templates: All Drawn to 1/4” = 1’ Scale. KITCHEN
HEAT & HOT WATER
BATHROOM
BEDS
TABLES
COUCHES & CHAIRS
DOORS
WINDOWS
SHELVING
WALL THICKNESS
CEILING FANS
APPENDIX Q STAIRS AND LADDERS
Furnishings for Tiny Spaces. Bathroom Vanities and Fixtures
Kitchen and Laundry Appliances
IKEA Pullout Daybed with Storage
DIY Fold-down Wall-hung Flush Door Desk
DIY Hinged Wall Pantry
DIY Fold-down Kitchen or Work Table
Designing the Exterior
Desert and Prairie
Mountains
Forest
New England
Symmetry
Stability
Horizontal Alignment
Vertical Alignment
Visual Element Variations
5 SOME FLOOR PLANS
Plan 1: On Wheels 8′ × 16′
Plan 2: On Wheels 8′ × 16′
Plan 3: On Wheels 8′ × 20′
Plan 4: On Wheels 8′ × 20′
Plan 5: On Wheels 8′ × 24′
Plan 6: On Wheels 8′ × 30′
Plan 7: On Skids 12′ × 16′
Plan 8: On Skids 12′ × 16′
Plan 9: On Skids 12′ × 20′
Plan 10: On Skids 12′ × 20′
Plan 11: On Skids 12′ × 24′
Plan 12: On Skids 12′ × 24′
Plan 13: On Skids 12′ × 28′
Plan 14: On Skids 12′ × 28′
Plan 15: Site-Built 12′ × 20′
Plan 16: Site-Built 20′ × 26′
Plan 17: Site-Built 20′ × 32′
Plan 18: Site-Built 14′ × 28′
Plan 19: Site-Built 16′ × 24′
Plan 20: Site-Built 20′ × 28′
Plan 21: Site-Built 20′ × 20′
6 DRAWING PLANS
Drafting Tools
Drawing Lines. Horizontal Lines
Vertical Lines
Sloped Lines
Dimensioning. Reading the Architect’s Scale
Dimension Lines
Using Templates. Using Templates
A Simple Residential Template
Formatting the Page
7 A SET OF PLANS
The Set
Site Plan (Page 80)
Floor Plan (Page 81)
Foundation (Page 82)
Floor Framing (Page 83)
N/S Wall Framing (Page 84)
E/W Wall Framing (Page 85)
Roof Framing (Page 86)
Elevations (Page 87)
Typical Section (Page 88)
Electrical (Page 89)
Plumbing (Page 90)
Site Plan
Floor Plan
Two Foundation Options
Two Floor Framing Options
N/S Wall Framing
E/W Wall Framing
Roof Framing
Elevations
Typical Section
Electrical Plan
Plumbing Plan
8 FOUNDATIONS
Forces Due to Wind
HUD Wind Zones
The Forces Exerted by Wind
Effects of Wind on a Building
HUD Wind Zone Forces
Effects of Wind
Anchoring Homes on Wheels
Securing a Tiny Home on Wheels with Auger Anchors
Anchoring Homes on Skids
Securing a Tiny Home on Skids with Auger Anchors
Pole Foundation
The Simple But Practical Telephone Pole Foundation
Slab on Grade
Slab in a Cooling Climate
Slab in a Heating Climate
Masonry Crawl Space
For Cooling Climates
For Heating Climates
Full Basement (South)
For Cooling Climates
Full Basement (North)
For Heating Climates
9 FRAMING
Forces on a House Frame. Dead Loads
Live Loads
Wind Loads
Snow Loads
How Beams Support Loads. Bending and Deflection
Long Beam Failure in Bending
Short Beam Failure in Shear
Beams: Natural & Manufactured. Natural Wood Beams
I-Joists
Laminated Beams
Framing Floors. Building on Skids
Building on Poles
Narrow Building (12’ Maximum Width) on Masonry
Wide Building (Over 12’) with Framed Openings on Masonry
Span Tables for Floor Joists. All Rooms Except Sleeping Rooms and Attics: 40 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead
Sleeping Rooms and Attics: 30 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead
Attic—No Rooms and Limited Storage: 20 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead
Attic—No Rooms and No Storage: 10 PSF Live, 5 PSF Dead
Framing Walls. Parts of a Wall Frame
Dealing with Non-Standard Doors
Door and Window Headers in Exterior Walls
Maximum Allowed Header Span (feet-inches)
Assembling and Raising Walls
Connecting Intersecting Walls
Framing Roofs. Rafters and Ceiling Joists
Rafters and Ridge Beams
Roof Support Solutions
Span Tables for Rafters. Snow Region, No Attic: 20 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead
Snow Region, No Attic: 30 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead
Snow Region, No Attic: 40 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead
Snow Region, No Attic: 50 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead
Span Table for Ridge Beams. Understanding the Ridge Beam Span Table
Maximum Allowed Ridge Beam Spans (feet-inches)
10 SHEATHING
Sheathing Materials. APA Engineered Wood Panels
Bond Classification
Typical APA Grade Stamp
Plywood Face Grades
APA Rated Sheathing
APA Structural I Rated Sheathing
APA Rated Sturd-I-Floor
APA Underlayment
Floor Sheathing. APA Panel Subflooring
APA Plywood Underlayment
APA Sturd-I-Floor
APA Glued Floor
Wall Sheathing. APA Panel Wall Sheathing
Roof Sheathing. APA Panel Roof Sheathing
T&G Roof Sheathing. APA Panel and T&G Board Roofs
11 SIDING
Cedar Shingle Siding. Cedar Shingle Grades and Specifications
Application
Cedar Shingle Application Details
Horizontal Lap Siding. Horizontal Lap Siding Profiles
Horizontal Lap Siding Application Details. CLAPBOARD
DOLLY VARDEN
TONGUE & GROOVE
V-SHIPLAP
OUTSIDE CORNER
INSIDE CORNER
Plywood Panel Siding. APA Performance-Rated Siding
Panel Styles
Vertical Panel Application
APA Siding Joint Details. HORIZONTAL WALL JOINTS
HORIZONTAL BELTLINE JOINTS
VERTICAL WALL JOINTS
VERTICAL INSIDE & OUTSIDE CORNER JOINTS
Vinyl Siding. Vinyl Siding Fastening. NAIL DRIVING
HORIZONTAL LENGTHS
VERTICAL LENGTHS
ENDS OF HORIZONTALS
ENDS OF VERTICALS
Starting Vinyl Siding. STARTING AT AN OUTSIDE CORNER
Vinyl Siding (Continued) Eaves and Intersections. ROOF/WALL INTERSECTION
FITTING AT GABLE ENDS
INSTALLING CUT PANELS
Soffit Treatments
12 ROOFING
Roofing Materials. Roofing Choices Compared
Roof Edge Details. Eaves
Gable Ends
Roll Roofing (Selvage) Application
Double Coverage Roofing. Application
Asphalt Shingles. Application
Application Details
Cedar Shingles. Application
Red Cedar Shingle Grades
Application
Metal Panel Roofing. Application. TYPICAL PANEL FASTENING
STEP 1. EAVE CLOSURE
STEP 2. FIRST PANEL
STEP 3. ENDLAP PANEL
STEP 4. SIDELAP PANEL
Edge Details
EPDM (Rubber) Roofing. Application
13 LOFTS & STAIRS
Loft Headroom
Minimum Headroom and Loft Area Dimensions
Loft Access
Four Methods of Accessing a Loft. STAIRWAY
LADDER
ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE
SHIPS LADDER
Stairways
Stairway Slopes
Stairway Guards
Stairways (Continued)
Stairway Widths and Headroom
Stairway Landing Platforms
Ladders
Tiny House Ladder Specifications
Alternating-Tread Devices
Alternating Tread Devices
Ships Ladders
Ships Ladders
Handrails
Allowed Handrail Sizes and Shapes
14 WINDOWS & DOORS
Window Types. A Window for Every Purpose
Sizing Windows
Window Energy Efficiency. The Window Performance Label
Choosing Windows by Climate
Window Types
Egress Windows. Egress Openings
Roof Egress Windows
Natural Daylighting. Light Penetration vs. Window Height
Glare
Light From Two Directions
Ventilation. Natural Ventilation
Window Fans
The View Looking Out
View and Window Sill Height
Installing Windows
Installing Single- and Double-Hung Windows
About Doors “Swing” Definition
Parts Terminology
Construction: Four Types
Energy Efficiency of Doors. Door Performance Rating Label
Three Performance Factors
Installing Prehung Doors
Installing Prehung Exterior Doors
15 INSULATION
Insulation and R-Value. Choosing Your Insulation
Insulation Materials Compared
Effective R-Values
Floor Insulation Options. On a Trailer
On Skids
On Poles or Piers
On a Slab on Grade
On a Crawl Space
Wall Insulation Options. Fiberglass Batt Between Studs
Fiberglass in Cavity + Foam Sheathing
Spray Urethane + Fiberglass Between Studs
Spray Urethane Between Studs
Roof Insulation Options. Vented Fiberglass Between Rafters (Cold Roof)
Vented Fiberglass Between Rafters + Interior Foam (Cold Roof)
Rigid Foam Over Rafters (Hot Roof)
Spray Urethane + Fiberglass Between Rafters (Hot Roof)
16 WIRING
The AC Electrical Circuit. Electrical Circuit Concept
Basic Elements of a Household Electrical System
110 VAC & 220 VAC Circuits. Why Two Hot Conductors?
A 3-Conductor Circuit Provides Both 110 VAC and 220 VAC
Electrical Wire & Cable. Cables
Conductor Size vs. Ampacity
The Color Code
Service Drops & Entrances
Cable Service
Rigid Steel Mast
Mobile Home
Circuits Required by Code. GFCIs and AFCIs
Receptacles
Lighting
An Example Wiring Plan
The Distribution Panel. Heart of the System
Individual Circuits
Accessory Dwelling Feeds. Subpanels
Running Cables
Basic Elements of a Household Electrical System
The Most Common Circuits
Going Off the Grid. Path of the Sun
Annual Output Fraction at 30° N
Solar Geometry
Insolation Across the US
Average Watt-hours per Day per Panel Watt
PV Panel Shading. Losses Due to Panel Shading
Basic Elements of a Household Electrical System
Estimating Your Usage. With Electricity, Less Is More
Table for Calculating Electrical Usage, Kilowatt-Hours/Day
Sizing the System
System Size Using Insolation Map
System Size Using PVWatts
Our Example System (See Right)
Example Off-the-Grid System. 1.15 kW. 110VAC/12VDC Off-Grid System with Generator Backup
17 PLUMBING
Supply System. 1. Water Source (see illustration)
2. Water Heater
3. Supply Pipes
4. Fixtures
Trunk and Branch Line Pipe Sizes
Drain, Waste, & Vent System. Draining the Waste
Function of the Vents
Roughing in the Pipes
Bathtub
Shower
Shower Pans (Bases)
Toilet
Bathroom Sink (Lavatory)
Kitchen Sink
Laundry Tub
Traps & Venting
S-Trap Siphon
Tailpiece Length
Trap Arm Length
Venting an Island Sink with an Air Admittance Valve (AAV)
Integral Toilet Trap
Clothes Washer Trap
Below-Floor Tub Trap
Above-Floor Tub Trap
Shower Trap
The Gray Waste Alternative. The Standard Solutions
A Composting Toilet Alternative Nature’s Head® Dry Toilet
Standard Septic System
The Composting Toilet/Gray Waste Alternative
18 HEATING
Estimating Heat Loss. Heat Energy: Btu
Insulation: R-Value
How Much Heat is 1 Btu?
The Heat Flow Equation
Heat Loss Through Building Surfaces
Heat Loss Through Air Leakage
Heat Loss Design Data
Heat Loss Form Instructions
Building Heat Loss Calculation Form
Heat Loss Example. Example Heat Load Calculation
Heating Cost. Estimating Annual Heating Cost
Btu Content of Fuels
Heating Equipment Efficiencies
Choosing Your Heat Source
Small, Even Tiny, Heat Sources for Tiny Houses
Small Heat Sources for Tiny Houses
19 COOLING
What Determines Comfort? The Human Comfort Zone
Natural Cooling. Tree Shading
Tree Blocking & Elevation
Plantings
Ceiling Fans
Ceiling Fan Size vs. cfm
Fan Size vs. Efficiency
Fan Size vs. Created Breeze, mph
Fan Size vs. Floor Area
Fan Clearances, Ceiling & Wall
Ceiling Fan Placement
Window Box Fans. Workhorse Box Fans
Box Fan Window Installation
Where to Place Box Fans
Directing the Flow
Using a Box Fan as a Heat Pump
Heat Flushing to Avoid Air Conditioning
Evaporative Coolers. How Swamp Coolers Cool the Air
The Psychrometric Chart
Potential for Evaporative Cooling
Air Conditioners. Window Air Conditioners
Window AC Installation
Split System Heat Pumps
Heat Pump Installation
Sizing Air Conditioners. AC Worksheet Instructions
Cooling Factors
Work Sheet for Sizing Air Conditioners
AC Sizing Example. Example, Line by Line
Example House for AC Sizing
Work Sheet for Sizing Air Conditioners
FURTHER INFORMATION
INDEX
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
