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Чарлз Дарвин
Origin of Species
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Introduction
Chapter I: Variation Under Domestication Causes of Variability
Effects of Habit and of the Use or Disuse of Parts; Correlated Variation; Inheritance
Character of Domestic Varieties; Difficulty of distinguishing between Varieties and Species; Origin of Domestic Varieties from one or more Species
Breeds of the Domestic Pigeon, their Differences and Origin
Principles of Selection anciently followed, and their Effects
Unconscious Selection
Circumstances favourable to Man's Power of Selection
Chapter II: Variation Under Nature
Individual Differences
Doubtful Species
Wide-ranging, much diffused, and common Species vary most
Species of the Larger Genera in each Country vary more frequently than the Species of the Smaller Genera
Many of the Species included within the Larger Genera resemble Varieties in being very closely, but unequally, related to each other, and in having restricted ranges
Summary
Chapter III: Struggle For Existence
The Term, Struggle for Existence, used in a large sense
Geometrical Ratio of Increase
Nature of the Checks to Increase
Complex Relations of all Animals and Plants to each other in the Struggle for Existence
Struggle for Life most severe between Individuals and Varieties of the same Species
Chapter IV: Natural Selection; Or the Survival of the Fittest
Sexual Selection
Illustrations of the Action of Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest
On the Intercrossing of Individuals
Circumstances favourable for the production of new forms through Natural Selection
Extinction caused by Natural Selection
Divergence of Character
The Probable Effects of the Action of Natural Selection through Divergence of Character and Extinction, on the Descendants of a Common Ancestor
Convergence of Character
Summary of Chapter
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