Оглавление
Cheng Li. Middle Class Shanghai
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES. FIGURES
TABLES
ABBREVIATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PROLOGUE. Rethinking Global Integration at a Time of Destructive Confrontation
CHAPTER 1. Shanghai’s Middle Class and China’s Future Trajectory
DUAL FOCUSES: THE MIDDLE CLASS AND SHANGHAI
SHANGHAI: “THE OTHER CHINA”?
INQUIRIES, METHODOLOGY, AND ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK
CHAPTER 2. A Failure of U.S.-China Engagement?
U.S. ENGAGEMENT POLICY AND ITS OBJECTIVE OF “PEACEFUL EVOLUTION”
BEIJING’S REACTION TO “PEACEFUL EVOLUTION”: FROM MAO TO XI
WASHINGTON’S CONCERNS ABOUT CHINA AND “DECOUPLING”
Strategic and Diplomatic Front
Security and Military Front
Political and Ideological Front
Economic and Financial Front
Scientific and Technological Front
Educational and Cultural Front
OPPOSITION TO COMPREHENSIVE DISENGAGEMENT WITH CHINA
CHINA’S MIDDLE CLASS: A WILD CARD
CHAPTER 3. Social Stratification and Cultural Pluralism in Reform-Era China
THE SHEER SIZE OF CHINA’S MIDDLE CLASS: DOMESTIC CONTEXT AND INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION
Business-Driven Empirical Research
The Ideological Shift and Policy Priorities of the Chinese Leadership
Western Scholarship’s Slow Recognition of China’s Middle Class
SOCIOLOGICAL HETEROGENEITY AND POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY: CHINESE SCHOLARLY INQUIRIES
Definitional Criteria and Size Estimates
Distinctive Characteristics and Occupational Heterogeneity
Political Roles and Social Stability
GLOBAL INTEGRATION AND CULTURAL PLURALISM: BEYOND THE CONSTRUCTIVIST PARADIGM
Cultural Convergence or Cultural Diversity?
Constructivism: Impact of Cultural and Educational Exchanges on International Peace?
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4. Haipai
SHANGHAI’S EXCEPTIONALISM: HISTORICAL LEGACY AND FOREIGN INFLUENCE
China’s Most Westernized Metropolis
A Haven for Refugees and Religious Inclusivity
A Breeding Ground for New Intellectual and Cultural Endeavors
The Center of Commerce and Innovation
ARE MULTIPLE SHANGHAI IDENTITIES MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE?
CONTRASTS BETWEEN HAIPAI CULTURE AND JINGPAI CULTURE
FINAL THOUGHTS
CHAPTER 5. The “Magic Capital” and the “Head of the Dragon”
THE SHANGHAI MIRACLE: STRIVING TO BE CHINA’S MANHATTAN
Construction Fever in Shanghai since the 1990s
Revival of the “Exhibition Hall of Architecture of All Nations”
A Born-Again City after a Half Century of Slow Growth
Shanghai’s Pioneering of “National Firsts” during the Reform Era
MAKING SHANGHAI THE LOCUS OF “FIVE INTERNATIONAL CENTERS”
International Economic Center
International Trade Center
International Financial Center
International Shipping Center
International S&T and Innovation Center
FINAL THOUGHTS
CHAPTER 6. From Jiang to Xi
THE SHANGHAI GANG: ORIGIN, DEFINITION, AND REPRESENTATION
JIANG ZEMIN AND ZENG QINGHONG: THE FORMATION OF THE SHANGHAI GANG
PERSONALITY, POLITICS, AND POLICY IN SHANGHAI: THE CASE OF CHEN LIANGYU
THE SHANGHAI GANG’S STATUS, REORGANIZATION, AND PROSPECTS UNDER XI
FINAL THOUGHTS
CHAPTER 7 “Sea Turtles”
STUDY ABROAD MOVEMENTS AND THEIR SOCIOPOLITICAL IMPACT IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA
THE LARGEST STUDY ABROAD MOVEMENT IN CHINESE HISTORY
Sponsorship
Type and Level of Foreign Studies
Destination Countries
TIDAL WAVES OF “SEA TURTLES” RETURNING HOME
FINAL THOUGHTS
CHAPTER 8. The Impact of Educational Exchanges
THE GROWING REPRESENTATION OF RETURNEES IN CHINA’S HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM. Sources and Research Methodology
Findings in 2005 Data
Progress and Unresolved Inadequacies in China’s Universities
RETURNEES IN SHANGHAI’S UNIVERSITIES: TRENDS AND IMPACTS
REPRESENTATION OF RETURNEES IN SHANGHAI’S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND LAW FIRMS
Western-Educated Returnees and the Top Leadership in Shanghai
U.S.-Educated Returnees in Shanghai’s Top Law Firms
FINAL THOUGHTS
CHAPTER 9. Attitudes and Values
METHODOLOGY AND DATA POOL
MAIN FINDINGS
Views of Climate Change and Environmental Protection
Economic Outlook
Social Norms and Attitudes
Views of International Relations
Impact of Cultural Assimilation
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 10. Western Influence and Illusion
UNDERSTANDING AND MISUNDERSTANDING CHINESE AVANT-GARDE ARTISTS
THE COMING OF AGE OF AVANT-GARDE ARTISTS: THE SHANGHAI BIENNALE
CONTEMPORARY SHANGHAI ART: HISTORICAL CONTEXT
THE BLOOMING OF ART GALLERIES IN SHANGHAI
From the Old Warehouse to the West Bund
The Rise of Large-Scale, Privately Owned Art Museums
FINAL THOUGHTS
CHAPTER 11. Dialoguing with the West
“CHARACTERS ARE DESTINY”: SHANGHAI AVANT-GARDE ARTISTS
Contrasting the Shanghai Avant-Garde with “Shock Art” in Beijing and Other Cities
CONFRONTING COMMERCIAL CULTURE: ARTISTS AS BOTH BENEFICIARIES AND CRITICS
CALLING FOR EQUAL DIALOGUE IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION
DISPUTES AMONG SHANGHAI AVANT-GARDE ARTISTS: CULTURAL CONVERGENCE OR CLASH?
FINAL THOUGHTS
CHAPTER 12. Toward a Dynamic and Diverse Society
COVID-19: ACCELERATING ANXIETY AND ANIMOSITY IN U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS
COSTS AND RISKS OF ALL-ENCOMPASSING DECOUPLING
Washington’s Legitimate Concerns and Criticisms of China’s Rise
How the United States Benefits from Engagement Policy
Danger of Plunging into a New Cold War
Loss of U.S. Leverage in Its Pursuit of CCP Regime Change
WARNINGS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR BOTH WASHINGTON AND BEIJING
Priorities for Washington
Priorities for Beijing
THE CHINESE MIDDLE CLASS: RESHAPING THE LONG-TERM FUTURE
NOTES. PROLOGUE
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY. ENGLISH
CHINESE
INDEX
