The Aftermath of Structural Pension Reform

The Aftermath of Structural Pension Reform
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India's civil service retirement benefit system, based on a defined benefit scheme, imposed an annual expenditure of over $30 billion on the central and state governments. In an effort to truncate the unfunded scheme, which covers 30 million central and state government employees, the Government of India in 2004 decided to replace the traditional defined benefit scheme with a defined contributory scheme known as the New Pension Scheme. This book contains an account of the efforts of five states–Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Madhya Pradesh–to estimate their current pension liabilities, project annual pension costs over the next 15–25 years, and explore options for managing their annual costs. Using newly constructed employee databases, the book discusses in detail the projections for each state and suggests cost-saving measures based on specific needs. Also included is a lengthy discussion of the lessons that emerged in database construction and practical recommendations in managing pension costs.

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Cheolsu Kim. The Aftermath of Structural Pension Reform

THE AFTERMATH OF STRUCTURAL PENSION REFORM

CONTENTS

TABLE, FIGURES, AND BOX

ABBREVIATIONS

FOREWORD

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

II. CONSTRUCTING SUSTAINABLE STATE EMPLOYEE DATABASES

A. Current Record-Keeping Practices

B. State Case Studies

1. Assam

2. Bihar

3. Chhattisgarh

4. Jharkhand

5. Madhya Pradesh

C. Conclusions from Case Studies

III. CONSTRUCTING SUSTAINABLE STATE PENSIONER DATABASES. A. Current Practices for Granting and Paying Pensions

B. Creating Sustainable Databases for Defined Benefit Pension Schemes

C. State Case Studies. 1. Assam

2. Bihar

3. Chhattisgarh

4. Jharkhand

5. Madhya Pradesh

D. Conclusions from Case Studies

E. Role of Banks in Pension Administration

IV. MANAGING DEFINED BENEFIT SCHEME LEGACY COSTS

A. Developing Tools. 1. Broad Methodological Approach

2. Defined Benefit Scheme Rules

3. Assumptions

4. Compensating for Database Shortcomings

5. Benchmarking Administrative Data

B. Baseline Projections

C. Alternative Scenario

D. Exogenous Influences on Cost Rates

1. Changes in Life Expectancy

2. Trends in Retirement Age

3. Growth in State Revenues

4. Establishing a Baseline for Financial Planning

E. Government New Pension Scheme Contributions

1. Average Wages of New Pension Scheme Enrollees

2. Number of Civil Servants Covered by the New Pension Scheme

3. Cost Rates from New Pension Scheme Contributions

F. Managing Emerging Liabilities

1. Lump Sums

2. Post-Retirement Adjustments

3. Increasing the Average Retirement Age

4. Transferring Defined Benefit Scheme Employees to the New Pension Scheme

G. Need for State Action

H. Conclusions

V. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW PENSION SCHEME. A. State Participation Nationwide

1. Status of State Implementation Nationwide

2. Status of Implementation in the Participating States

B. State Case Studies. 1. Assam

2. Bihar

3. Chhattisgarh

4. Jharkhand

5. Madhya Pradesh

C. Administrative Weaknesses

D. Impediments to New Pension Scheme Implementation

E. Providing Future Assistance to States for New Pension Scheme Implementation

VI. RECOMMENDATIONS

VII. CONCLUSION. A. Database Construction

B. Managing Defined Benefit Scheme Legacy Costs

C. Next Steps

About the Authors

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MANAGING LEGACY COSTS OF DEFINED BENEFIT PENSIONS IN INDIA

CHEOLSU KIM GARY HENDRICKS

.....

It is our hope that this book proves to be a valuable resource for policy makers, academics, and pension industry stakeholders, not only in India but also in other Asian Development Bank member countries, in instituting the same or similar pension reforms as those undertaken in the five states in India.

Sultan H. Rahman

.....

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