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Christine M. Piotrowski. Professional Practice for Interior Designers
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Professional Practice For Interior Designers
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 1 Interior Design asa Profession
WHY STUDY PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE?
WHAT IS A PROFESSION?
Interior Design Divisions
DEFINING THE PROFESSION
PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
INTERIOR DESIGN VALUE
THE BUSINESS OF INTERIOR DESIGN
People
Clients
Financial Resources
Interior Design Economic Snapshot
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
KEY NAMES
ORGANIZATIONS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2 Professional Advancement
NCIDQ COMPONENT
EDUCATIONAL PREPARATION
Advanced Education
Curriculum Accreditation
INTERNSHIPS
LIFELONG LEARNING
PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION
The NCIDQ Examination Overview
Other Professional Certifications
LICENSING AND REGISTRATION
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
Why Join a Professional Association?
American Society of Interior Designers (ASID)
International Interior Design Association (IIDA)
International Federation of Interior Architects/Designers (IFI)
Interior Designers of Canada (IDC)
Interior Design Educators Council (IDEC)
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
ORGANIZATIONS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3 Going Global
NCIDQ COMPONENT
GLOBAL DESIGN WORK
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN A GLOBAL MARKET
Planning
Regulatory and Legal Issues
Key Issues in Working in Global Arena
Finances
Political Considerations
Finding Clients
CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
INTERNATIONAL ETIQUETTE
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4 Where Do Designers Work?
HOW DO DESIGNERS WORK?
“On‐the‐Boards” Responsibility
Selling Responsibility
Freelance Consulting
Management
TYPES OF WORK ENVIRONMENTS
Independent Design Firm
Residential Furniture Stores
Office Furnishings Dealer
Retail Specialty Store
Architectural Office
Department Store
Developers
Manufacturer
Corporations
Government
Universities and Colleges
Independent Organizations
COLLABORATION
EXPECTATIONS
YOUR FIRST JOB
ON‐THE‐JOB STRATEGIES
MAKING A CAREER CHANGE
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5 Professional Options
A PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL GOALS
Why Are Goals Important?
Risks in Goal Setting
Setting Personal Goals
Personal Branding
CAREER DECISIONS
DESIGN CAREER SPECIALTIES
Preparing for Career Specialization
Residential Interior Design
Commercial Interior Design
Facility Planners
Lighting Designers
Sales Representatives
Barrier‐Free or Universal Design
Sustainable Design
CAD Specialist
Professional Renderers
Model Builders
Product Designers
Interior Design Management
Marketing Specialists
Teaching
Museum Work
Journalism
Merchandising and Exhibit Design
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6 The Job Search
THE SEARCH IS ON
Some Ideas
RESUMES
Resume Format
Contact Information
Career Objective or Summary
Education
Work Experience
Skills
Other Information
Key Words
Physical Appearance of a Resume
THE COVER LETTER
PORTFOLIOS
What to Include
Non‐Digital Portfolio Tips
HOW EMPLOYERS REVIEW RESUMES AND COVER LETTERS
THE JOB INTERVIEW
What to Wear to an Interview
Interview Basics
The Interview Discussion
TYPICAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
Your Interview Questions
ILLEGAL QUESTIONS
FOLLOW‐UP
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 7 Ethics and Professional Conduct
NCIDQ COMPONENT
ETHICAL STANDARDS
ETHICS IN THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Ethics Definitions
Commissions and Kickbacks
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
Disciplinary Procedures
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8 Legal Responsibilities
NCIDQ COMPONENT
THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF INTERIOR DESIGN PRACTICE
Cyber Law: A Brief Introduction
CRIMINAL VERSUS TORT LAW
NEGLIGENCE
Duty of Care
Breach of Duty
Causation
Injury or Harm
Principal Defenses to Negligence Charges
INTENTIONAL TORTS
Against a Person
Against Property
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY—COPYRIGHT
Copyright Overview
Copyright Registration
Copyright and Employees
CODE COMPLIANCE
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 9 Project Compensation and Design Fees
NCIDQ COMPONENT
CALCULATING THE BILLING RATE
Billing Rate Based on Salary
WHICH COMPENSATION METHOD?
ESTIMATING DESIGN FEES
INDIRECT JOB COSTS
METHODS FOR SETTING DESIGN FEES
Hourly Fee Method
Fixed‐Fee Method
Cost Plus Percentage Markup Method
Square‐Foot Method
Value‐Oriented Method
Percentage of Merchandise and Product Services Method
Retail Method
Discounting or Percentage off Retail Method
Consultation Fee
Combination Method
Service Packages
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
CHAPTER 10 Preparing Design Contracts
NCIDQ COMPONENT
DEFINITION AND BASIC ELEMENTS OF A CONTRACT
Offer
Acceptance
Contractual Capacity
Consideration
Mutual Assent
Legality
Common Contracts in Interior Design Practice
LETTER OF AGREEMENT OR CONTRACT?
PROPOSALS VERSUS CONTRACTS
CONTRACT FORM AND THE STATUTE OF FRAUDS
Contract Performance That Will Take More than One Year
Contract for Sale of Goods
Contract for the Sale of Real Estate
DEVELOPING THE DESIGN CONTRACT
CONTENT FORMALITIES
INTERIOR DESIGN CONTRACTS: CONTENT AND FORM
Signatures
PERFORMANCE AND BREACH
Small Claims Court
TERMINATION BY AGREEMENT
AVOIDING CONTRACT DISPUTES
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 11 Trade Sources
NCIDQ COMPONENT
INTERNET SOURCING
MANUFACTURERS
SALES REPRESENTATIVES
MARTS, SHOWROOMS, AND MARKET CENTERS
Trade Shows
LOCAL SHOWROOMS
RETAIL SPECIALTY STORES
MANUFACTURER'S DEALERS
TRADES AND CRAFTS RESOURCES
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
SELECTING TRADE SOURCES
Establishing Vendor Accounts
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
CHAPTER 12 Product Pricing
NCIDQ COMPONENT
PRICING
PRICING TERMS
Pricing from the Supplier to the Interior Designer
Pricing from the Interior Designer to the Client
DISCOUNTS
Quantity Discounts
Multiple Discounts
Trade Discounts
Cash Discounts
Seasonal Discounts
Advertising Allowances
Deep Discounting
SELLING PRICES
Discounting from Retail
Markup from Cost
Gross Margin
Perceived Price Value
DEPOSITS, DOWN PAYMENTS, AND RETAINERS
FREIGHT AND FOB
DELIVERY AND INSTALLATION CHARGES
SALES AND USE TAXES
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 13 The Selling of Goods: The Uniform Commercial Code and Warranties
NCIDQ COMPONENT
HISTORIC OVERVIEW OF THE UCC
UCC DEFINITIONS
THE BUYER'S RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
THE SELLER'S RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
Federal Laws and Pricing Practices
STATUTE OF FRAUDS
THE SALES CONTRACT
Offer (Sections 2–204, 2–205, 2–206, 2–305, 2–308, and 2–311)
Open‐Terms Provisions—An Introduction
Open‐Price Term
Open‐Payment Term
Open‐Delivery Term
Open‐Quantity Term
The Firm Offer
Acceptance:Section 2–206 and 2–207
Consideration:Section 2–304
ELECTRONIC AGREEMENTS AND SIGNATURES
SALES ON APPROVAL
TITLE
RISK
WARRANTIES AND PRODUCT LIABILITY
Warranties
Warranty of Title
Express Warranty
Implied Warranty of Merchantability
Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose
Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act
Disclaimers of Warranty
Products Liability
Products Liability and Negligence
Strict Liability
Liability Without Fault for Design Defects
Warranty Law and Products Liability
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 14 Building Client Relationships
NCIDQ COMPONENT
UNDERSTANDING YOUR CLIENT
BUYER DEMOGRAPHICS
THE BUYER DECISION‐MAKING PROCESS
CREATING CUSTOMER LOYALTY
MANAGING CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS
BRINGING VALUE TO CLIENTS THROUGH DESIGN
NEGOTIATING
CONFIDENTIALITY
GOOD IMPRESSIONS
Image and Dress on the Job
Communications
Business Entertaining and Travel
Body Language
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 15 The Project Management Process
NCIDQ COMPONENT
WHAT IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT?
THE ROLE OF THE DESIGNER/SPECIFIER
PHASES OF AN INTERIOR DESIGN PROJECT
Programming Phase
Research as a Project Benefit
Schematic Design Phase
Design Development Phase
Contract Documents Phase
Contract Administration Phase
STAKEHOLDERS
SELECTING PROJECT TEAMS
PROJECT DELIVERY METHODS
Integrated Design
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM)
Advantages
Disadvantages
RISK MANAGEMENT
VALUE ENGINEERING
PLAN REVIEW BOARDS
PROJECT SCHEDULES
PROJECT BUDGETING
MANAGING AND RECORDING YOUR TIME
Time Management
Time Records
Reasons to Make Time Recordkeeping a Habit
PROJECT FILES OR JOB BOOKS
Meeting Notes
Correspondence
Samples
Floor Plans
Other Items
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 16 Contract Documents and Specifications
NCIDQ COMPONENT
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
Construction Drawings
Schedules
SPECIFICATIONS
Proprietary Specification
Descriptive Specification
Performance Specification
Reference Specification
SPECIFICATIONS ORGANIZATION
Specification Language
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AGREEMENT
COMPETITIVE BIDDING
General Conditions
The Invitation to Bid
Instructions to Bidders
The Bid Form
Bond Forms
Bid Opening
Bid Award Notification
MODIFICATIONS
Addenda
Change Orders
SUBMITTALS
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 17 Contract Administration: Construction and Order Processing
NCIDQ COMPONENT
CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION: CONSTRUCTION
CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION: PROCUREMENT AND ORDER PROCESSING
Credit Application
Confirmation of Purchase
Purchase Orders
Acknowledgments
Invoices
SHIPPING AND FREIGHT
EXPEDITING
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
CHAPTER 18 Contract Administration: Delivery and Project Closeout
NCIDQ COMPONENT
DELIVERY AND INSTALLATION
Delivery
Installation
PROJECT CLOSEOUT
Walk‐Through
Complaints and Repairs
Final Documentation
POSTOCCUPANCY AND FOLLOW‐UP
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
CHAPTER 19 Creating and Managing an Interior Design Practice
NCIDQ COMPONENT
MOTIVATIONS FOR BUSINESS OWNERSHIP
What Is an Entrepreneur?
UNDERSTANDING THE RISKS OF BUSINESS OWNERSHIP
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BUSINESS OWNERSHIP
Advantages
Disadvantages
TYPES OF PRACTICE ORGANIZATIONS
Paths to Owning a Business
WORKING ALONE
BUYING AN EXISTING BUSINESS
THE STAGES OF A BUSINESS
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT STYLES
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 20 Advice and Counsel
NCIDQ COMPONENT
ATTORNEY
ACCOUNTANT
BANKER
SOURCES OF CAPITAL
ESTABLISHING BUSINESS CREDIT
Credit Agencies for the Interior Design Industry
INSURANCE
Professional Liability Insurance
Property Damage, Liability, and Personal Injury Insurance
Other Important Types of Insurance
TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS
SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE
Private Organizations
Government Agencies
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
ORGANIZATIONS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 21 Preparing the Business Plan
NCIDQ COMPONENT
THE BUSINESS PLAN
START‐UP COSTS
SETTING UP THE OFFICE
Business Location
Equipping the Office/Studio
The Design Library
Inventory Issues
GREEN OFFICE MANAGEMENT
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
CHAPTER 22 Business Formations
NCIDQ COMPONENT
SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP
PARTNERSHIPS
General Partnership
Limited Partnership
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY (LLC)
CORPORATIONS
S Corporation
Professional Corporation
Hybrid Organizations
JOINT VENTURE
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 23 Business Legal Filings and Licenses
NCIDQ COMPONENT
BUSINESS LEGAL FILINGS
Form SS‐4: Application for Employer Identification Number
For Firms with Employees
Fictitious Business Name Statement
NAMING YOUR BUSINESS
Domain Names
LICENSES
Interior Design Licensure or Title Registration
State and City Transaction Privilege (Sales) Tax License
Use Tax Registration Certificate
Contractor's Licenses
INCOME TAX BASICS
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
FILINGS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 24 Fundamentals of Marketing
NCIDQ COMPONENT
WHAT IS MARKETING?
ONLINE MARKETING: AN OVERVIEW
THE FOUR Ps OF MARKETING
MARKETING ANALYSIS
BRANDING
TARGET MARKETING
Marketing Budget
ESTABLISHING A NICHE
Specializing in Green Design
MARKETING PLAN
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 25 Promotional Tools
NCIDQ COMPONENT
PROMOTION
PUBLIC RELATIONS
PUBLICITY
PRESS RELEASES
TRADITIONAL MARKETING TOOLS: AN OVERVIEW
The Graphic Image and Identity Package
Photo Portfolio
Brochures
Publication
Writing for Publication: Magazine Articles
Competitions
Advertising
Direct mail
Referrals
Networking
PROPOSALS AS A MARKETING TOOL
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 26 Marketing Online
NCIDQ COMPONENT
AN INTRODUCTION TO ONLINE MARKETING
WEB SITES
E‐mail Marketing
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING
Facebook
Instagram
Twitter
Pinterest
LinkedIn
Blogs
YouTube
ONLINE AND SOCIAL MEDIA ETIQUETTE
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 27 Selling Strategies
NCIDQ COMPONENT
WHAT IS SELLING?
Why People Buy
SELLING SERVICES VERSUS PRODUCTS
SELLING TECHNIQUES
Probing
Features and Benefits
THE SELLING PROCESS
Prospecting
Qualifying
Preparation
TYPES OF PRESENTATIONS
THE INITIAL CLIENT INTERVIEW
Tips about Preparation for an Initial Client Meeting
Proposal Presentations
Preliminary Project Presentations
Final Project Presentations
CLOSING TECHNIQUES
PRESENTATION FOLLOW‐UP
OVERCOMING OBJECTIONS
ADDITIONAL GUIDELINES FOR MAKING PRESENTATIONS
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 28 Money Management
NCIDQ COMPONENT
ACCOUNTING METHODS: ACCRUAL VERSUS CASH ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING RECORDS AND SYSTEMS
Chart of Accounts
The Journal and Ledger
Trial Balance
Concept of Financial Profit
BASIC FINANCIAL REPORTS: INCOME STATEMENT, BALANCE SHEET, AND STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Assets
Liabilities
Owner's Equity
Statement of Cash Flows
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR ACCOUNTING
MANAGING YOUR FINANCES
Cash Management
Tips to Help Monitor Cash Flow
FINANCIAL RATIOS AND PERCENTAGES
Reporting Performance
Break‐Even Point
CONTROLLING OVERHEAD
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
CHAPTER 29 Employee Management
NCIDQ COMPONENT
THE AGENCY RELATIONSHIP
Employer to Employee
Employee to Employer
Where to Find Employees
JOB CLASSIFICATIONS
Principal
Design Director
Senior Designer
Project Manager
Designer
Design Assistant
JOB DESCRIPTIONS
EMPLOYMENT AT WILL
Employee Termination Criteria
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS
COMPENSATION AND FRINGE BENEFITS
Compensation
Fringe Benefits
THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
THE EMPLOYEE HANDBOOK
MENTORING
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
FEDERAL LAWS REGULATING EMPLOYMENT
Workers' Compensation
Employment Discrimination
Other Employment Laws
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT LAWS AND COMMISSIONS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 30 Strategic Planning: Designing the Future
NCIDQ COMPONENT
THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
STRATEGIC PLANNING BASICS
MISSION STATEMENTS
BUSINESS ANALYSIS
BUSINESS GOALS, OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES, AND TACTICS
BUDGETING
MEASURING PERFORMANCE
The Triple Bottom Line
BENCHMARKING
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO THIS CHAPTER
KEY TERMS
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
REFERENCES
APPENDIX CIDQ Definition of Interior Design
GLOSSARY
GENERAL REFERENCES. ARTICLES AND COLLATERAL MATERIALS
BOOKS
INTERNET RESOURCES
INTERIOR DESIGN PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
CANADIAN ASSOCIATIONS
ALLIED PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, TRADE ASSOCIATIONS, AND RESOURCES
HELPFUL GOVERNMENT AGENCY SITES
GENERAL LEGAL RESOURCES
GENERAL BUSINESS SITES
CAREER AND JOB INFORMATION
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