Electromagnetic Metasurfaces

Electromagnetic Metasurfaces
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Discover a comprehensive exploration of recent developments and fundamental concepts in the applications of metasurfaces. In Electromagnetic Metasurfaces: Theory and Applications , distinguished researchers and authors Karim Achouri and Christophe Caloz deliver an introduction to the fundamentals and applications of metasurfaces and an insightful analysis of recent and future developments in the field. The book describes the precursors and history of metasurfaces before continuing on to an exploration of the physical insights that can be gleaned from the material parameters of the metasurface. You’ll learn how to compute the fields scattered by a metasurface with known material parameters being illuminated by an arbitrary incident field, as well as how to realize a practical metasurface and relate its material parameters to its physical structures. The authors provide examples to illustrate all the concepts discussed in the book to improve and simplify reader understanding. Electromagnetic Metasurfaces concludes with an incisive discussion of the likely future directions and research opportunities in the field. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to metamaterials, the concept of metasurfaces, and metasurface precursors An exploration of electromagnetic modeling and theory, including metasurfaces as zero-thickness sheets and bianisotropic susceptibility tensors A practical discussion of susceptibility synthesis, including four-parameters synthesis, more than four-parameters synthesis, and the addition of susceptibility components A concise treatment of scattered-field analysis, including approximate analytical methods, and finite-difference frequency-domain techniques Perfect for researchers in metamaterial sciences and engineers working with microwave, THz, and optical technologies, Electromagnetic Metasurfaces: Theory and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate and undergraduate students in physics and electrical engineering.

Оглавление

Christophe Caloz. Electromagnetic Metasurfaces

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

Electromagnetic Metasurfaces. Theory and Applications

Preface

1 Introduction

1.1 Metamaterials

1.2 Emergence of Metasurfaces

Note

2. Electromagnetic Properties of Materials

2.1 Bianisotropic Constitutive Relations

2.2 Temporal Dispersion

2.2.1 Causality and Kramers–Kronig Relations

2.2.2 Lorentz Oscillator Model

2.3 Spatial Dispersion

2.4 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem

2.5 Poynting Theorem

2.6 Energy Conservation in Lossless–Gainless Systems

2.7 Classification of Bianisotropic Media

Notes

3. Metasurface Modeling

3.1 Effective Homogeneity. 3.1.1 The Homogeneity Paradox

3.1.2 Theory of Periodic Structures

3.1.3 Scattering from Gratings

3.1.4 Homogenization

3.2 Effective Zero Thickness

3.3 Sheet Boundary Conditions

3.3.1 Impedance Modeling

3.3.2 Polarizability Modeling

3.3.3 Susceptibility Modeling

3.3.4 Comparisons Between the Models

3.3.4.1 Microscopic and Macroscopic Perspectives

3.3.4.2 Material Tensor Dimensions and Normal Polarizations

3.3.4.3 Uniform and Nonuniform Metasurfaces

3.3.4.4 Extension to Time-Varying or Nonlinear Systems

Notes

4 Susceptibility Synthesis

4.1 Linear Time-Invariant Metasurfaces. 4.1.1 Basic Assumptions

4.1.2 Birefringent Metasurfaces

4.1.3 Multiple-Transformation Metasurfaces

4.1.4 Relations Between Susceptibilities and Scattering Parameters

4.1.5 Surface-Wave Eigenvalue Problem. 4.1.5.1 Formulation of the Problem

4.1.5.2 Dispersion in a Symmetric Environment

4.1.6 Metasurfaces with Normal Polarizations

4.1.7 Illustrative Examples

4.1.7.1 Polarization Rotation

4.1.7.2 Multiple Nonreciprocal Transformations

4.1.7.3 Angle-Dependent Transformations

4.2 Time-Varying Metasurfaces. 4.2.1 Formulation of the Problem

4.2.2 Harmonic-Generation Time-Varying Metasurface

4.3 Nonlinear Metasurfaces

4.3.1 Second-Order Nonlinearity

4.3.1.1 Frequency-Domain Approach

4.3.1.2 Time-Domain Approach

Notes

5. Scattered Field Computation

5.1 Fourier-Based Propagation Method

5.2 Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain Method

5.3 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method

5.3.1 Time-Varying Dispersionless Metasurfaces

5.3.2 Time-Varying Dispersive Metasurfaces

5.4 Spectral-Domain Integral Equation Method

Notes

6. Practical Implementation

6.1 General Implementation Procedure

6.2 Basic Strategies for Full-Phase Coverage

6.2.1 Linear Polarization

6.2.1.1 Metallic Scattering Particles

6.2.1.2 Dielectric Scattering Particles

6.2.2 Circular Polarization

6.3 Full-Phase Coverage with Perfect Matching

6.4 Effects of Symmetry Breaking

6.4.1 Angular Scattering

6.4.2 Polarization Conversion

Notes

7. Applications

7.1 Angle-Independent Transformation

7.2 Perfect Matching

7.3 Generalized Refraction

7.3.1 Limitations of Conventional Synthesis Methods

7.3.2 Perfect Refraction Using Bianisotropy

Notes

8. Conclusions

9. Appendix

9.1 Approximation of Average Fields at an Interface

9.2 Fields Radiated by a Sheet of Dipole Moments

9.3 Relations Between Susceptibilities and Polarizabilities

References

Index. a

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