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Christopher Lowe. The People’s Paper
Contents
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Preface
ENDNOTES
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
List of Illustrations
A Centenary History of Abantu-Batho, the People’s Paper. ABANTU-BATHO: A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION
SOURCES AND HISTORIOGRAPY
FORMATION AND HISTORY
TRANSLATION AND ENGAGEMENT: JOURNALISTIC AND NATIONALISTIC CONTEXTS
THE POLITICAL CONTEXT
DRAMATIS PERSONAE: THE EDITORIAL STAFF
CIRCULATION, PROCESS AND STRUCTURE
OUTLINE OF THE BOOK
ENDNOTES
Chapter 1: ‘Only the Bolder Spirits’: Politics, Racism, Solidarity and War in Abantu-Batho
POLITICS AND THE PRESS: ‘THE BOLDER SPIRITS’
CONGRESS POLITICS AND OTHER POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
THE STATE
RACISM AND THE LAW
RACE AND SOLIDARITY
WAR
SYNTHESIS
ENDNOTES
Chapter 2: ‘They Must Go to the Bantu Batho’: Economics and Education, Religion and Gender, Love and Leisure in the People’s Paper
LABOUR AND ECONOMICS
THE PRICE OF MILITANCY
GENDER COVERAGE IN ABANTU-BATHO
EDUCATION
RELIGION
LOVE AND MARRIAGE IN AN AFRICAN NEWSPAPER
LITERATURE, LEISURE AND SOCIAL LIFE IN THE PAGES OF ABANTU-BATHO
SYNTHESIS
ENDNOTES
Chapter 3: Pixley Seme and Abantu-Batho
ABANTU-BATHO
ASPECTS OF SEME’S LATER CAREER
ENDNOTES
Chapter 4: Queen Labotsibeni and Abantu-Batho1
LABOTSIBENI, PIXLEY KAISAKA SEME AND ABANTU-BATHO
WOMEN, POETRY AND ABANTU-BATHO
CONCLUSION: BACK TO THE FUTURE
ENDNOTES
Chapter 5: ‘We of Abantu Batho’: Robert Grendon’s Brief and Controversial Editorship1
ROBERT GRENDON: A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
ROBERT GRENDON AND CLEOPAS KUNENE
ROBERT GRENDON AND SAUL MSANE AS EDITORS OF ABANTU-BATHO
ROBERT GRENDON’S ARTICLES IN ABANTU-BATHO
‘TSHAKA HAS APPEARED’: THEMA AND MSIMANG PROTEST GRENDON’S EDITORSHIP
GRENDON, ABANTU-BATHO AND RACIAL IDENTITY
ROBERT GRENDON IN RETROSPECT
ENDNOTES
Chapter 6: The Swazi Royalty and the Founding of Abantu-Batho in a Regional Context1
THE POLITICS OF LAND, LITERACY AND UNION IN EARLY COLONIAL SWAZILAND
THE EDENDALE NEXUS
THE EDENDALE NEXUS AND FACTIONALISM IN THE NNC
RECURSIVE CITATION AND SPURIOUS AUTHORITY IN EARLY SANNC HISTORIOGRAPHY
THE SWAZI ROYALTY AND ABANTU-BATHO’S FINANCES
CONCLUSION
ENDNOTES
Chapter 7: ABANTU-BATHO AND THE XHOSA POETS1
ENDNOTES
Chapter 8: African Royalty, Popular History and Abantu-Batho
ABANTU-BATHO AND AFRICAN ROYALTY
ZULU KINGS AND ABANTU-BATHO
KING DINGANE AND POPULAR HISTORY
African oral traditions on King Dingane, the killing of Piet Retief and the battle at iNcome River
Selope Thema and the counter-commemoration of King Dingane in Abantu-Batho
CONCLUSION
ENDNOTES
Chapter 9: ‘Johannesburg in Flames’: The 1918 Shilling Campaign, Abantu-Batho and Early African Nationalism in South Africa1
THINKING ABOUT 1918
JOHANNESBURG IN FLAMES
WHAT HAPPENED ON 19 JUNE 1918
THE UNION JACK, THE CHILD, IN THE GRAVES AND OTHER TROPES
AFTER 19 JUNE
THE CHILD
CODA: WHITE MAN’S COUNTRY
ENDNOTES
Chapter 10: Garveyism, Abantu-Batho and the Radicalisation of the African National Congress during the 1920s. INTRODUCTION
MARCUS GARVEY
SOUTH AFRICA AND GARVEY
ENDNOTES
Chapter 11: An African Newspaper in Central Johannesburg: The Journalistic and Associational Context of Abantu-Batho
THE MAKING OF A NEW RADICAL JOURNALISM
BEDS, BICYCLES AND ‘THE BANK OF THE CONGRESS’: ADVERTISING AND FINANCE
AFRICAN ASSOCIATIONAL LIFE IN CENTRAL JOHANNESBURG: THE AFRICAN CLUB AND ABANTU-BATHO
SYNTHESIS
ENDNOTES
Assessing the Decline and Legacy of Abantu-Batho
DEMISE
WHY DID ABANTU-BATHO FAIL?
WHAT DID ABANTU-BATHO ACHIEVE?
ENDNOTES
INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS. 1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1. ‘The Municipalities and Natives’, Abantu-Batho, 23? October 19122
2. ‘Oppression of the Native and Coloured Races’, Abantu-Batho, December? 19124
3. ‘The Affairs of Swaziland’, Abantu-Batho, 25 December–12 February 19136 ‘The Affairs of Swaziland’, 25 December 1912 [No. I]
1 January 1913. No. II7
15 January 1913. No. IV8
No. VII, 12 February 19139
4. ‘Native Women’s Brave Stand’, Abantu-Batho, July? 191310
5. ‘The New Solicitor: Mr. R. W. Msimang’, Abantu Batho, 5 July 191311
6. ‘An Ancient Couple: Suffering under the Lands Act’, Abantu-Batho, c. September 191312
7. ‘The Swazi Scare’, Abantu-Batho, 9 January 191414
Swazi’s Respect for Whites
Swazi Scare
8. ‘The Leadership of Educated Men’, Abantu-Batho, March? 191415
9. [S. E. K. Mqhayi] The Poet of the Whole Nation, ‘Aba-Tunywa (Nxusa) Betu’ (Our messengers (advocates)), Abantu-Batho, 18 September 191417
Nqashu: –
10. ‘The New Governor General: A Boon to Natives’, Abantu-Batho, 18 September 191428
A Chance for the Swazi People
11. Joseph Booth,31 ‘Loyalty to the British Throne’, letter to Abantu-Batho, 18 September 1914
12. ‘Native College Staffing’, Abantu-Batho, February? 191532
13. ‘Isimemo se “Langa lase Natal: Nituleleni?”’ [Ilanga lase Natal Announcement], Abantu-Batho, March? 191534
14. ‘Messages of Condolence to Swazi Queen’, Abantu-Batho, 15 April 191535
15. ‘The Next Step in Native Government II’, Abantu-Batho, 30 September 191541
16. Sol T. Plaatje, ‘Why I Remained in England. And What I Am Doing’, Abantu-Batho, 30 September 191544
17. ‘Reply to Mr. Plaatje’, Abantu-Batho, 9 December 191545
18. ‘Gen. Smuts Answered’, Abantu-Batho, c. December 191547
19. ‘The War News’, Abantu-Batho, 6 January 191648
20. [R. Grendon], ‘Farewell Msindazwe!’, Abantu-Batho, 20 January 191650
I. – NATIVE NAMES
II. – CAREER
21. ‘Swaziland and the S. A. Union’, Abantu-Batho, 17 February 191653
22. ‘Hooray!’, Abantu-Batho, 17 February 191657
23. S. Msane, ‘Saul Msane & the SANN Congress: An Essay’, Abantu-Batho, 17 February 191658
24. R. Grendon, ‘To Thee Sobhuza (Future Paramount of the Swazi Nation): A Further Fragment from The Tragedy of Malunge’, Abantu-Batho, 17 February 191660
‘TRAGEDY OF MALUNGE.’
25. ‘Native Drudgery’, Abantu Batho, c. December 191661
Treatment
Hours of Work
Pay
26. ‘The Modern Voortrekkers’, Abantu-Batho, 30 November 191663
27. ‘Industrial Workers of Africa: The White Natives’, Abantu-Batho, 22 November 191765
28. ‘A Resolution: Native Women Pass Law’, Abantu-Batho, 6 December 191767
29. ‘Women and Pass Law’, Abantu-Batho, 20 December 191768
30. ‘The National League of Bantu Women (Transvaal Province): Stirring Speech by Mrs Maxeke’, Abantu-Batho, 20 December 191770
A BONDMAN CANNOT PREACH FREEDOM
‘HEADS WITHOUT TAILS’
WOMEN MUST LEAD
‘BEWARE OF PICK-POCKETS’
31. ‘Wail of the Native Widows’, Abantu-Batho, 14 January 191871
32. ‘Natives and the War’, Abantu-Batho, 14 February 191872
33. ‘Rights of Small Nations’, Abantu-Batho, April 191873
34. ‘An Address Delivered by Mr. Saul Msane before the Members of the South African Native National Congress, Assembled at Bethlehem’, Abantu-Batho, 18 April, 191874
35. ‘The Bantu Debating Union’, Abantu-Batho, 16 May 191877
36. ‘One Shilling a Day’, Abantu-Batho, 27 June 191879
37. ‘A Strong Hand’, Abantu-Batho, 4 July 191881
38. R. V. Selope-Thema, ‘General Smuts and the Bantu People’, Abantu-Batho, 4 July 191883
39. ‘Msane Is Not Wanted’, Abantu-Batho, 4 July 191884
40. Imbongikazi Nontsizi Mgqwetto, ‘Yeha! Watshona! Afrika! ELundini!’,
41. ‘Slavery Brought about by Passes’, Abantu-Batho, 24 April 191990
42. ‘Pass Law Commission’, Abantu-Batho, 1 January 192091
43. ‘Parting of the Ways’, Abantu-Batho, February–March 192094 [Part I]
Use of Force
Mine Owners’ Impatience
Part II
What lesson have they learnt?
What is the remedy?
45. ‘No Peace!’ and ‘We Dare Say’, Abantu-Batho, February–March 1920102
46. ‘Tlaping News: At the Diggings’ [and] ‘A Fabulous Snake Suddenly Appears at the Scene’ Abantu-Batho, [22?] April 1920103. TLAPING NEWS: AT THE DIGGINGS
A FABULOUS SNAKE SUDDENLY APPEARS AT THE SCENE
47. ‘The Native Affairs at Dundee’, Abantu-Batho, 29 April 1920108
48. Past Lovedale Student,114 ‘Lovedale Strike’, Abantu-Batho, 2 September 1920115
49. T. W. Thibedi, ‘Letter to Mr. S. M. Makgatho’, Abantu-Batho,
50. ‘Back to Africa Movement’, Abantu-Batho, 11 November 1920111
51. ‘Dr. Rubusana at Klipspruit’, Abantu-Batho, 16 December 1920119
52. R. V. Selope Thema, ‘Dingane ka Senzangakona’, Abantu-Batho, 16 December 1920127
53. S. M. Makgatho, ‘The Killing of the Israelites: The Union Government and the Aborigines of South Africa’, Abantu-Batho, 16 June 1921131
54. ‘The Sentence on Stassen’, Abantu-Batho, 5 October 1922133
55. ‘Poll Tax Test Case’, Abantu-Batho, 23 November 1922136
56. W. M. A. Tshiminya,137 ‘Ezakwa Bulawayo’, Abantu-Batho, c. March 1923138
57. W. Gumede, ‘Summer School e-Cabhane: An address by Jabavu’, Abantu-Batho, c. April 1923139
58. Special Correspondent [Ray E. Phillips],141 ‘The Way of Freedom’, Abantu-Batho, 10 May 1923142
A NEW OPPORTUNITY
ANOTHER NATIVE NEWSPAPER
59. J. E. Sinenke and D. Ngwenya, ‘Rhodesian Matters’, Abantu-Batho, June 1923147
60. ‘What Shall We Do?’, Abantu-Batho, c. June 1923149
61. ‘Pillar to Post’, Abantu-Batho, June 1923151
62. ‘White Africa’, Abantu-Batho, 14 June 1923152
63. ‘Dr. P. Ka. I. Seme L. L. D.’, Abantu-Batho, 14 June 1923158
64. ‘Col. Pritchard & the Natives’, Abantu-Batho, 13 March 1924159
65. ‘White South Africa’, Abantu-Batho, c. April 1924161
66. ‘Manifesto of the All-African Convention’, Abantu-Batho, 5 June 1924162
THE NATIONAL CONGRESS
67. ‘Disobedience to Tyranny Is Obedience unto God’, Abantu-Batho, August 1925163
Political Colour Bar
68. ‘Portugal in Africa’, Abantu-Batho, 30 December 1926166
69. [‘Bantu Reminder to White World about Garvey’], Abantu-Batho, 17 March 1927169
70. ‘Location Regulations’, Abantu-Batho, 28 January 1928173
71. ‘Memorandum Relative to the Pass Laws’, Abantu-Batho, 27 September 1928174
72. ‘African National Congress: Raising of a National Levy’, ‘A New Paper’ and ‘Important Notice’, Abantu-Batho, 27 June 1929 ‘African National Congress: Raising of a National Levy’177
Natal
Transvaal
Orange Free State
Cape Colony
‘A New Paper’
‘Important Notice’
74. J. Thaele, ‘Some Interesting Movements’, Abantu-Batho, 11 July 1929
75. ‘South Africa: The Next World Imbroglio?’, Abantu-Batho, 14 August 1930
76. ‘Old-Age Pension’, Abantu-Batho, 21 August 1930
77. ‘Plight of Native Farm Labourers’, Abantu-Batho, 28 August 1930
78. ‘About Passes’, Abantu-Batho, 27 November 1930
79. ‘What Shall We Do?’, Abantu-Batho, 11 June 1931
80. C. Doyle Modiakgotla, ‘Open Letter to Editor of “The New L.S.D.”’, Abantu-Batho, 23 July 1931185
ENDNOTES
Bibliography. UNPUBLISHED ARCHIVES
PUBLISHED EXTRACTS OF ABANTU-BATHO
BOOKS, ARTICLES AND THESES
NEWSPAPERS (SELECTED)
PERIODICALS (SELECTED)
Appendix: Abantu-Batho Editors and Editorial Staff. OWNERS/MANAGING EDITORS
EDITORS, SUB-EDITORS AND WRITERS
STAFF
ENDNOTES
Index
