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Chapter 1 6

Introduction: 6

Chapter 2 8

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) : 8

2.1 Imaging the human retina by OCT in ophthalmology: 8

Chapter 3 10

Basic principles of OCT imaging: 10

3.1 Optical interferometry and time domain OCT: 10

3.2 Low-coherence interferometry: 11

3.3 Spectral or Fourier domain OCT: 12

3.4 Axial and transversal resolution: 12

3.5 Polarization-sensitive OCT: 13

Chapter 4 15

The human eye: 15

4.1 Structure and function of the human retina: 15

4.2 The role of rods and cones: 17

4.3 The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE): 17

4.4 Bruch´s membrane: 18

4.5 Signal processing within the retina: 18

4.6 Retinal blood supply: 18

Chapter 5 19

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): 19

5.1 Prevalence of AMD: 19

5.2 Risk factors for AMD: 19

5.3 Histopathology of drusen: 20

5.4 Appearance of drusen in fluorescein angiography: 21

5.5 Atrophic/dry AMD: 22

5.5.1 Symptoms: 22

5.5.2 Clinical findings: 23

5.9 Geographic atrophy: 23

5.6 Neovascular AMD: 24

5.6.1 Symptoms: 24

5.6.2 Clinical findings: 24

5.6.3 Angiographic characteristics of neovascular AMD: 26

5.7 Differential diagnoses of neovascular AMD: 28

5.8 Treatment of AMD: 28

Chapter 9 30

Conclusion: 30

References: 31

Curriculum vitae 41